FIRE PREVENTION &
FIRE PROTECTION
Dr. Soner TOP
1
What We’ll Talk About
• Escape Routes/Exits
• Emergency Action Plan
• Fire Prevention Plan
• Fires
• Fire Extinguishers
• Workplace Fire Prevention Tips
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Destruction!
Workplace fires are
still occurring despite
advances in detection
and suppression
technology.
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Workplace Fires
OSHA requires employers to provide proper
exits, fire fighting equipment, and
employee training to prevent fire deaths
and injuries in the workplace.
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Escape Route
“A continuous and
unobstructed way of exit
travel from any point in a
building or structure to a
public way (a street, yard,
court or other open space
leading to the street)”
Three parts to an escape
route:
the way of exit access;
the exit; and
the way of exit discharge.
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Escape Routes: General Requirements
Fire alarms = required if a fire could
start without providing adequate
warning to occupants.
Must be enough exits in proper
arrangement for quick escape.
Adequate and reliable illumination
must be provided for all exit facilities.
Escape Routes:
Minimum width = 28”
Minimum ceiling height = 7-½’
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Locking Exits
Must not install any lock or fastening device that
impedes/prevents escape from the inside of any
building.
Locked and
blocked exit
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Access to Exits
Exits must be readily accessible
at all times.
When room occupied by more
than 50 people or contains high
hazard contents, door from
room:
• To exit or escape route must
be side-hinged swinging type
• Swing in the direction of exit
travel
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Is This Okay?
No – clutter in
exit, exit
access poorly
lit
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Maintaining Escape Routes
Escape routes from all parts of a building must be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions in
case of emergency.
Blocked &
Obstructed exit
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Exit Marking
Exits must be marked
by a readily visible sign
when the exit or way
to reach it is not
immediately visible
to occupants.
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Exit Marking
If a door, passage, or stairway
is not an exit or way of exit
access, but may be mistaken
for one, it must be identified
by a sign reading “Not an
Exit”, “Storeroom”, “To
Basement”, etc.
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Exit Marking
Sign reading “Exit” with
arrow indicating direction
must be placed in every
location where direction of
travel to nearest exit is not
immediately apparent.
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Ingredients of a Fire
There are three fundamental and essential
“ingredients” necessary to produce the chemical
reaction that is called fire:
Oxygen - the catalyst
Heat - the ignition source
Fuel - solid, liquid, or gas that burns
You remove one of these ingredients, you can
extinguish the fire.
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Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron
Fire Triangle = Oxygen, heat, and fuel
Fire Tetrahedron = Add chemical reaction
Remove any of these items = No fire (fire goes out)
Basic Fire safety/prevention = Keep fuel & ignition sources
separate
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Portable Fire Extinguishers
If portable fire extinguishers
are provided for employee
use, employer must mount,
locate, and identify them so
workers can access without
being injured.
Blocked extinguisher
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Do You See a Problem Here?
Access to fire
extinguisher
obstructed
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Letter
classification on
extinguisher
designates class or
classes of fire for
which it will be
effective.
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Classification of Fires According to
Turkish Legislations
(A)class: Solid combustible materials fire
(B)class : Liquid flammable materials fire
(C)class : Gas flammable materials fire
(D)class : Metal fires
(E)class: Electrical fires
(F)class : Kitchen ( frying oil ) fires
Fire Extinguishers
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Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Must maintain in fully charged
and operable condition.
• Must keep in their designated
locations at all times except
during use.
• Must conduct an annual
maintenance check.
• Must do “visual inspection”
monthly (i.e. ensure
extinguisher in place, not
damaged, and properly
charged).
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Extinguisher Training and Education
If portable fire extinguishers
are provided for employee
use, employees must be
given training on the:
General principles of fire extinguisher
use
Hazards of incipient (beginning) stage
fire fighting
Employees designated to use
extinguishers must receive
instruction and hands-on
practice in the operation of
equipment
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Remember the Word P.A.S.S.
P = Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher handle.
A = Aim the nozzle/horn of the extinguisher
at the base/bottom of the fire.
S = Squeeze the handles together to make
the extinguisher work.
S = Sweep the extinguisher from side to
side (as if using a broom).
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Workplace Fire Prevention Tips
• Store flammable liquids
in approved containers
and locations.
• Do not use electrical
equipment when
flammable gases, vapors,
liquids, dusts, or fibers
are present.
• Insure trash is emptied
frequently enough to
prohibit a build up of
combustibles in an area.
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Summary
There must be enough exits in the building
arrangement for quick escape.
→ Escape routes must be marked, lighted, free
of obstructions, and locks must not be used to
impede or prevent escape.
→ An emergency action plan and a fire
prevention plan must be in place.
→ Fire extinguisher classes and numerical
ratings help a user understand its capabilities.
→ Fire extinguishers must be inspected,
maintained and employees must be trained in
how to use them.
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Questions?
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