SYNOPSIS

1. Name of the College: Genba Sopanrao Moze College of Engineering

Balewadi, Pune

2. Name of the Course: BE (Mechanical)

3. Name of the Student: (B190300942) Uttkarsh Shelar

(B190300887) Chandrajeet Londhe
(B190300862) Ashish Jadhav
(B190300842) Sutej Fulmali

4. Month of Registration: July 2022

5. Name of the Guide: Prof. Ramsing Thakur

6. Proposed Title of the Dissertation : “Design Analysis and Performance

evaluation of Semi-automatic Electromechanical Single Plate clutch for autonomous
Agriculture vehicle.”

7. Relevance: Agriculture is a very labor intensive activity requiring considerable amount of

labor , by the coming day shortage of labor , and high labor cost has made agriculture non-
profitable. The cost of cultivation constitutes of majorly the spraying of pesticide to control plant
disease which till date is done manually which requires considerable amount of labor.
Although spraying is done using engine operated or battery operated sprayers which are in the
form of knapsack or back mounted sprayers , due to heavy weight of the tanks it is difficult to
cover the field area using single or less labor. The activity of spraying and fertilizer dispensing is
done independently so more labor is required.
If any device which is in form of vehicle that carries the tank by self-drive is available more
amount of pesticide can be carried and as the vehicle moves on its own no pushing will be
required , this will reduce the operators fatigue , and as the vehicle moves at speed of 5 to 7 kmph
the area can be covered in less time.
Secondly the spraying action if done through an oscillating sprayer it will be more effective as
the application of the pesticide will be done all over the crop leading to effective pest control.
 8. Present Theories & Practices:

8.1 Literature survey :

D Simmer, shows the importance of transmission towards fuel efficiency. This research highlights
how transmission plays an important factor for the fuel economy. Fuel economy which is the prime
factor can be influenced by transmission system in four ways and not just transmission efficiency
alone.
1. Parasitic losses in transmission i.e. Oil churning, seal and bearing drag.
2. Power proportional losses at gear, chain or belt mesh.
3. The weight and rotational inertia of transmission and driveline components.
4. The configuration and control of actual transmission hardware.
The complete approach would minimize fuel usage with acceptable emissions for wide range of
operating conditions encountered by the vehicle.
R. P. G. Heath and A. J. Child, shows that Zeroshift technology allows a manual transmission to
change gear in zero seconds. This technology is patented new design for a transmission. The Zeroshift
Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) is easy to manufacture and allows a cost effective alternative
to the traditional torque converter based automatic transmission. Zeroshift offers potential fuel
economy improvements from driveline efficiency and the best possible vehicle acceleration. Compared
to an existing AMT, Zeroshift offers an uninterrupted torque path from the engine to vehicle which
allows for a seamless gearshift. This paper provides an introduction to the technology together with
test data from a demonstrator vehicle. Fig 3 shows the Zeroshift concept.
YinongZhaoaa and Jiabao Chena, shows that in order to regulate the fuel injection quantity for the
non electronic- controlled engine during the process of automatic shift, independent accelerator
auxiliary control device needs to be designed .The accelerator control device should not only meet
servo requirements in normal driving but also regulate the fuel injection quantity automatically in the
process of automatic shift. This paper mainly describes the design of electric hydraulic accelerator
control device and the experiments show that the device can meet servo requirements and regulate the
fuel injection quantity automatically. The paper puts forward a new accelerator auxiliary control
device for automatic shift control system with non electronic controlled engine. The new device can
regulate injection quantity automatically during the process of automatic shift, not reducing the quality
of controlling the engine. And it can solve the problems such as safety, reliability, the complex nature
of control method and so on for common linear accelerator scheme driven bymotor.
GianlucaLucente, Marcello Montanari and Carlo Rossi, shows that vehicles with Automated
Manual Transmissions (AMT) for gear shift control offer many advantages in terms of reduction of
fuel consumption and improvement of driving comfort and shifting quality. Complexity, nonlinearity
and high-order dynamics of the automated driveline, combined with strict requirements for high
performance gear shifts, demand the development of driveline models, which include a detailed
description of the actuators. These models can be useful for different purposes:
Yoshinori Taguchi, Yoshitaka Soga, Akira Mineno and Hideki Kuzuya, showed use of three
actuators for automation of gear shifting and clutch actuation process. Convention transmission system
with actuator was used for AMT. Two more actuators were used for shift and select actuation. A
system control device was developed to improve control, stability and robustness of system. The result
showed a way forward for cost effective solution for AMT. The automated clutch is constituted by a
standard dry clutch controlled by an electro- hydraulic servo. The clutch actuator is constituted by
disks between the flywheel and the clutch plate, whose surfaces are covered with high-friction
materials. The electro hydraulic clutch actuator, which is driven by a three-way spool servo valve
applies pressure to control the displacement of the clutch piston, which pushes on the release bearing.
The transmitted torque can be thought as stick slip friction, while the maximum transmissible torque
(related to static friction) is modulated by the normal force applied to clutch disks. In a clutch actuator
model focusing on the hydraulic part and involving the release bearing position as output variable has
been developed. The model is refined considering the relation between the force applied to the release
bearing and the transmitted clutch torque. When no external force is applied, flywheel and clutch disks
are pressed together by Belville and pre-load springs and hence engine torque can be transmitted. In
order to release the clutch, the hydraulic piston pushes the release bearing The Belville spring, acting
as a lever, reduces the normal force applied to the clutch plates, thus separating friction disks. The
Belville spring acts both as a spring and a lever with variable coupling ratio. Hence the steady state
piston force is related to the force applied to the clutch plate by a nonlinear relation dependent on the
clutch piston displacement.
E. Galvagno, M. Velardocchia and Vigliani, presents the kinematic and dynamic analysis of a
power-shift Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) characterized by a wet clutch, called assist clutch
(ACL), replacing the fifth gear synchronizer. This. torque assist mechanism becomes a torque transfer
path during gearshifts, in order to overcome a typical dynamic problem of the AMT that is the driving
force interruption. The mean power contributions during gearshifts are computed for different engine
and ACL interventions, thus allowing drawing considerations useful for developing the control
algorithms. The simulation results prove the advantages in terms of gearshift quality and ride comfort
of the analyzed transmission. From the analysis of the AMT ACL transmission it is possible to state
that the assist clutch proves useful during up shifts, downshifts (Kick Down) and motoring mode
Liao Chenglin, Zhang Junzhi, Zhu Haitao, shows a new shift control algorithm without clutch
operation for reducing the shift shock and improving accelerating ability of a parallel hybrid vehicle
with an AMT. The engagement of clutch, which is the key point of shift control in general AMT, is
sophisticated and very difficult. But in the parallel hybrid vehicle, shift control without clutch
operation is possible because both the engine and motor can control the speed of input shaft o gearbox.
Consequently, it not only improves the shift quality of vehicle, but also prolongs the life time of clutch.
Simulation results indicate that the shift amenity and accelerating ability are improved by using the
shift control algorithm without clutch operation. In this paper, the gear shifting control is discussed just
only in the driving mode of hybrid. There are three phases during a gear shift process. The first phase
is torque control phase of old gear. In order to minimize the wear of the gearbox, the noise, and the
shift shock, the most critical part of the shift sequence is the torque control phase of old gear. The
second phase is speed synchronization phase. After neutral gear is engaged, speed synchronization
phase is entered. It is important to minimize the total time needed for speed synchronization phase,
since the vehicle is free-rolling with zero transmitted. Therefore, it is important to control the speed
difference between the input shaft and the output shaft and the drive torque level near to zero as soon
as possible at the moment of synchronizer’s two sides meshing with each other. The last phase is
torque control phase of new gear. Once the new gear is engaged, torque control phase of new gear is
entered. In this phase, the hybrid torque level is transferred from torque-free state back to the level that
the driver demand
B Mashadi, A Kazemkhani and R Baghaei Lakeh, shows that based on two different criteria,
namely the engine working conditions and the driver’s intention, the governing parameters in decision
making for gear shifting of an automated manual transmission are discussed. The gear shifting strategy
was designed by taking into consideration the effects of these parameters, with the application of a
fuzzy control method as shown in Fig. 5. The controller structure is formed in two layers. In the first
layer, two fuzzy inference modules are used to determine the necessary outputs. In the second layer a
fuzzy inference module makes the decision of shifting by up shift, downshift, or maintain commands.
The behavior of the fuzzy controller is examined by making use of ADVISOR software. It is shown
that at different driving conditions the controllers make correct decisions for gear shifting accounting
for the dynamic requirements of the vehicle. It is also shown that the controller based on both the
engine state and the driver’s intention imitates unnecessary shifting that are present when the intention
is overlooked. A microchip is designed in which a required speed in the form of a step function is
demanded for the vehicle on level or sloping roads. Both strategies for the vehicle to reach the
maximum speed starting from rest allow the gear shift to be made consecutively. Considerable
differences are observed between the two strategies in the deceleration phase. The engine-state strategy
is less sensitive to downshift, taking even unnecessary upshift decisions. The state intention strategy,
however, interprets the driver’s intention correctly
Magnus Pettersson and Lars Nielsen, shows that by using engine control during the gear shift, a
manual transmission can be automated without using the clutch during the shift event. It is then
important to minimize the total time needed for a gear shift, but when doing so driveline resonances
may be excited. This in turn may lead to problems with disengaging the old gear and synchronizing
speeds for engaging the new gear. Internal driveline torque control is a novel idea for handling
resonances and increasing shift quality. By estimating the transmitted torque and controlling it to zero
by engine control, the gear can systematically be disengaged with minimized driver disturbances and
faster speed synchronization.
ZaiminZhong, GuolingKong n, ZhuopingYu, XinboChen, XuepingChen, XiangyanXin, proposes
a novel gear selector for AMT, the concept of which enables the automation of shift action remotely
realized by DC motors through shifting cable that originally used on manual transmission vehicle.
Evidently, the advantage of this concept is that the automation of manual transmission could be easily
realized by replacing the shift lever with two motors while the original shifting cable and gearbox
could be reserved. Then the cost and development period can be shorten remarkably. The concept of
the novel gear selector is introduced, then the detailed mathematical model of shifting process is
studied and system design and scheme selection of this concept are performed. Optimal control
algorithm based on LQR for actuator position feedback control is introduced. The concept and control
algorithm are verified on a sample car, and considering the influence of the long path of transmission
mechanism, the validation of the stability of this concept is performed through calibration test on
mountain pass and the obtained results show the concept of the novel gear selector for AMT is feasible
technically with strong robust on the shiftingstability.
 9. Outline of Proposed Work:

Work Task July 16- Sept 16- Nov 16- Jan 16

Aug 16 Oct 16 Dec 16 –
9.1 Feb 17
Information Gathering -
Literature Survey.
Finalization of the Aims
and Objectives or Title .
Development Experimental
Set Up and Instrumentation
or Case Study
Experimentation/ Data
Collection
Formulation of Model /
Analysis of Model/ Data
Critical Analysis of the
Formulated Model /
Optimization and
Sensitivity Analysis
Initial Report Writing and
Publication
Final Report Writing and
Publication
Objectives:

The objectives of project are as follows :

1. Design development and analysis of automatic clutch components through suitable theoretical
and analytical procedure.
2. Design development and analysis of disengagement mechanism through suitable theoretical
and analytical procedure.
3. Design of test rig for testing of the clutch to determine performance parameters and plot graphs
as below:
a. LoadVs Speed
b. Torque Vs Speed
c. Power Vs speed
d) Efficiency Vs speed
e) Disengagement Time Vs Speed

9.2 Methodology:
1. Literature review: Technical papers, white papers , patent documents , etc.
2.System design of robot design as for the component selection, geometry and profile selection, charge
system selection , mounting & orientation. 3. Mechanical design of components under given system of
forces to determine functional dimensions of the components to be used using various formulae and
empirical relations.
4. 3-D modeling of set-up using Unigraphix.
5.CAE of critical component and meshing using Hypermesh/ Ansys.
6. Mechanical design validation using ANSYS …critical components of the system will be designed
and validated.
7. Manufacturing , assembly of the device and test-rig for experimental analysis and validation.
8. Testing and trial to derive performance characteristic of robot for different placement and
orientation.
9. Result discussion and thesis preparation.

9.2.3 Finite element analysis work: Analysis of Clutch Plate, Pressure Plate, Flywheel, Output
Shaft.

9.2.4 Facilities Available : Auto CAD, Ansys WB, Lathe Machine, Milling Machine

10. Date of Completion of Work: May 2023

11. Expenditure: 14952/-

12. Reference : [1] M. Frutiger and C. Kim, “Digital Autopilot Test Platform with Reference
Design and Implementation of a 2-Axis Autopilot for Small Airplanes,”
Departament of Electrical and, pp. 1–24, 2003.

[2] M. Weber, “Where to? A History of Autonomous Vehicles,” 2014.

[Online]. Available: http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/where-to-a-
history-of-autonomous-vehicles/
[3] D. Helbing, “Traffic and related self-driven many-particle
systems,” Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1067–1141,
dec 2001.
[4] P. Rau, “Target Crash Population of Automated Vehicles,” in In
24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of
Vehicles (ESV), 2015, pp. 1–11.
[5] “Details - google car,”
http://googlecarjames.weebly.com/details.html, (Visited on 09/08/2016).
[6] A. Fisher, “Inside Google’s Quest To Popularize Self-
Driving Cars,” Popular Science, 2013. [Online]. Available:
http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2013-09/google-self-driving-car

[7] “Official google blog: Green lights for our self-driving vehicle
prototypes,” https://googleblog.blogspot.nl/2015/05/self-driving-vehicle-
prototypes-on-road.html, (Visited on 02/16/2016).
[8] K. R. Memon, S. Memon, B. Memon, A. R. Memon, and M. Z. A. S.
Syed, “Real time Implementation of Path planning Algorithm with
Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicle,” in 3rd 2016
International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global
Development”, New Delhi, India, 2016.
[9] E. Frink, D. Flippo, and A. Sharda, “Invisible Leash: Object-
Following Robot,” Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics & Intelligent
Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 3–7, feb 2016.
[10] P. Svec, A. Thakur, E. Raboin, B. C. Shah, and S. K. Gupta, “Target
ˇ following with motion prediction for unmanned surface vehicle operat-
ing in cluttered environments,” Autonomous Robots, vol. 36, no. 4, pp.

[11] Mustafa Najm Abdullah, Yousra Hussein Ali “Vehicles Detection System at Different
Weather Conditions” Iraqi Journal of Science, 2021, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp: 2040-2052

DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2021.62.6.30

[12] Mohd Meraj Ahemad, Dr.Javed Ashraf & Dr.Anisur Rehman Nasir “Advance Self Driving Car
Using Machine Learning ”Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Volume 4, Issue
3, Pages 45-50, July-September 2020

Project Guide P.G. Co-ordinator Principal

Prof.Ramsing Thakur Prof.S.R.Sandanshiv Dr.R.K.Jambi

Place: Pune Date: