HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Geographic Information Science
Round 1
Choose the best answer for the following questions from a given five alternative and write the
later on the space provided. (1 point each)

1. The following are remote sensing indices used for agricultural crop monitoring, except one
A. Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices(NDVI)
B. Vegetation Cover Indices(VCI)
C. Transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (TCARI)
D. Modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI)
E. Soil Background Line(SBL)
2. Which of the following is the correct equation for NDVI computation
A. NIR−a⋅RED
B. NIR−RED/NIR+RED
C. NIR−rededge/ NIR+rededge
D. NIR−SWIR/NIR+SWIR
E. None
3. Which of the following are the application of GIS and RS for water resources
A. Crop water estimation
B. Flood mapping and monitoring
C. Soil moisture estimation
D. Irrigation scheduling
E. all
4. Which of the following is not step involved during watershed delineation in ArcGIS
A. Calculating the flow accumulation
B. Calculating the flow direction
C. Calculate the drainage network
D. Filling the gap
E. All can be steps to be included
5. Healthy Crop and Vegetation reflects higher energy in what parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
A. Blue and Red
B. Green and Near Infared
C. Green and Red
D. Blue and Green
E. Red and white
6. Which of the following are considered as the sources of data for agricultural resources
monitoring
A. GPS collected
B. Satellite
C. Landsat series
D. Existing open sources geoportals
 E. All can be sources
7. Which of the following geodatabase types have unlimited number of users
A. Enterprise
B. Workgroup
C. Personal
D. File geodatabase
E. Desktop
8. The following is not true about SDBMS:
A. Work better with DBMS
B. Permit various spatial data models and types
C. Supports querying language specific to spatial data types
D. Offers handling of none spatial data
E. None
9. In GIS------------- defines as set up of rules on how features share their geometry in the
geographic environment
A. Feature datasets
B. Topology
C. Relationship classes
D. Object classes
E. Geometric network

10. In GIS ---------------------- is a phenomenon of interest in reality that is not further subdivided into
phenomena of the same kind
A. Entity
B. Theme
C. Attributes
D. Objects
E. Maps
11. The followings are tasks to be done in Geodatabase, but one
A. Editing
B. Visualization
C. Storage
D. Query
E. None
12. Referring the figure below, of the following given alternative which one of the following is the
correct representation of the letters A, B, C and D in their order
A. Geodatabase- Feature Classes – Feature dataset- table in the geodatabase
B. Geodatabase- Shape file- feature dataset- table in the geodatabase
C. Geodatabase- feature dataset- feature classes- table in the geodatabase
D. Geodatabase- raster dataset- feature classes- table in the geodatabase
E. None
13. The followings are major function of GIS, except
A. Information retrieval
B. Map creation
C. Product generation
D. Spatial navigation and visualization
E. None
14. The following are spatial data types best represented by raster data model except
A. Elevation
B. Rainfall
C. Kebele boundary
D. Aspect
E. Toxicity concentration
15. Which of the following is NOT a raster data structure?

A. Quadtree.
B. Run-length encoding.
C. Block encoding.
D. Spaghetti.
E. None
16. A spatial data has sufficient detail information
A. Accuracy
B. Precision
C. Completeness
D. Integrity
E. None
17. The following are the features of geographic data except;
A. Their position on the space can be expressed in terms of location
B. Have attribute information
C. Have time dimension
D. Can be georeferenced
 E. All
18. The following represents non spatial/attribute data types except one
A. Name of crop to be grown in Haramaya District
B. Location of crop grown in Haramaya District
C. Land use types in Haramaya District
D. Soil properties in Haramaya District
E. Season of cropping in Haramaya District
19. Which of the following statement is true about raster data model
A. In raster model, data is stored as cellular structure composed of rows and columns
B. A raster is a matrix of a regular grid of squared cells or pixels
C. Raster data model is most suitable for storing discrete features like elevation
D. In raster data model knowing the x, y coordinates of at least one corner could be sufficient
to locate object in geographic space
E. Raster data can be stored in Tiff/Geotiff file format
20. What will happen on the features if the scale of a map changed from 1:500,000 to 1:50,000?
A. Features change from points to areas
B. The disappeared features may appear and distinguishable
C. It indicates generalization becomes less
D. The area coverage decrease
E. All can happen
21. Which of the following analysis tool appends together layers of adjoining area?
A. Join
B. Merge
C. Union
D. Clip
E. None

22. Which of the following geographic questions can be answered through spatial analysis
techniques
A. Location
B. Condition
C. Pattern
D. Tends
E. All of the above
23. You are performing a spatial analysis operation for creating Dire dawa city map for Ambulance
delivery services, but the extent of the streets data you have in your geodatabase covers the entire
country (Ethiopia). Which tool would allow you to reduce the streets features based on the extent
of the city boundary?
A. Clip
B. Buffer
C. Intersect
D. Append
E. A and C
24. A tanker truck has crashed on the highway, releasing a cloud of hazardous fumes. As GIS analyst
working in the highway company you must quickly create a map that identifies the most affected
area, such as a polygon that surrounds the crashed site by five miles in all directions. Which
spatial analysis tool could be best used to accomplish this task?
A. Intersect
B. Overlay
C. Buffer
D. Shortest Path
E. Network
25. The Union tool performs the geographical version of which Boolean operator
A. AND
B. NOT
C. OR
D. XOR
E. None
26. In a raster weighted overlay, if an input data set is designated as “restricted” it means
A. The overlay function will ignore the restricted data altogether
B. Overlay calculations will only be done on the areas inside the restricted areas
C. Overlay calculations will not be performed on the “restricted” areas, and those areas will be
included in the output
D. The same thing as using a raster “mask”
E. None
27. Given a raster layer where cell values are distances from a set of points (such as grocery stores),
and a vector layer of polygons for the same area, what raster tool could be used to calculate the
average of the raster cell values contained inside each polygon?
A. Intersection
B. Regional statistics
C. Focal operator
D. Zonal statistics
E. None

28. Which of the following is a globally available system for positioning and navigation, time and
frequency measurements?
A. GPS C. Galileo
B. GLONASS D. BeiDou E. GNSS

29. Which of the following Satellite Positioning Reporting Service is widely known; as well as the
Positioning and parameter calculation of navigational speed and voyage are accomplished
separately by the user?
A. RDSS C. GNSS
B. RNSS D. A & C E. All

30. Which of the following is the function of ground control segment?

A. To monitor the statuses of GPS signals
B. To ensure normal operation of satellite navigation
C. To provide real-time information updates
D. A and C E. All

31. Which of the following segment of GNSS consists of a system of tracking stations located around
the world?
A. Space Segment C. User Segment
B. Control Segment D. A and B E. All

32. Why the interference on GNSS receivers was happen?

A. Due to the distance between the satellite and the receiver is very far
B. Due to the impacts of various intentional and unintentional interferences
C. Due to signal received by the receiver is very weak
D. A and B E. All

33. Why Land Administration System is used?

A. To deliver detailed land information C. Effective management of the use of land
B. To deliver reliable administration of land D. A and B E. All

34. How property rights to land was limited?

A. Public land use regulations and restrictions C. Sectorial land use provisions
B. Ownership, long term leasehold and rights of use D. A and C E. All

35. Which of the following basic and the smallest geographic unit of the parcel-based information
system or cadaster in which all the land related information are constructed on?
A. Land parcel C. Land values
B. Land rights D. B and C E. All

36. Which of the following types of identifiers parcel numbering is based on township/range/section?
A. Geographic Coordinate Systems C. Assessors’ Map-based Systems
B. Rectangular Survey System D. Name-related Identifiers E. All

37. Which of the following types of cadasters, a register identifying the legal owner and precise
boundaries of each land parcel?

A. Fiscal cadastre C. Legal cadaster

B. Multi-purpose cadastre D. A and B E. All

38. Which of the following function compute a raster output dataset where the output value at each
location (cell) is a function of the value associated with that location on one or more raster
datasets?
A. Local Function C. Global Function
B. Focal Function D. A and B E. All

39. Why Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used during weighted overlay analysis?
A. Determine the relative weights of the decision criteria
B. Determine the relative rankings
C. Used to aggregate multi - dimensional information into a single parameter output map
D. A and B E. All

40. Which of the following projection and transformation tools is used to change the coordinate
system of a set of input feature classes or feature datasets to a common coordinate system?
A. Define Projection C. Projects
B. Batch Project D. A and B E. All

41. Which of the following is included in the table joining?

A. Using the common field for attribute of the layer and the excel sheet
B. Adjusting the reference system of the excel file and layers
C. Adjust the number of fields and rows
D. B and C E. All

42. Why we use topology after the data collection or digitization?

A. To ensure data quality
B. To accurately represent geographic features
C. To allow your geodatabase more realistic D. A& B E. All

43. In which of the following subdivisions of Geodesy coordinate systems are primary products?
A. Physical geodesy C. Satellite geodesy
B. Geometrical geodesy D. B & C E. All

44. What type of spheroid is created if the ellipse is rotated about its major axis?
A. Prolate spheroid C. Flattened spheroid
B. Oblate spheroid D. A & B E. All

45. Which of the following local datum is European Datum?

A. NAD 1927 C. Adindan
B. ED 1950 D. WGS 1984 E. All

46. What is the cause for equatorial bulge at Earth's equator?

A. The planet's rotation and gravity C. Because of squeezed at the equator
B. The planet’s shape D. B & C E. All

47. _____________________________ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the

equatorial plane and the straight line passes through that point and through (or close to) the center
of the Earth.
A. Longitude C. Latitude
B. Parallels D. A & B E. All
48. Which of the following is not true about geo-stationary satellites?

A. Views different portion of the earth’s surface all the time

B. They orbit at an elevation of approximately 35790 km
C. Their orbital period is equal to the period of rotation of the earth
D. Weather and communications satellites are common ones

49. All of the following are characteristics of non-selective scattering except?

A. It is dependent of wavelength of EM radiation
B. The particles are much larger than the wave length of the radiation
C. The scattering causes fog and clouds to appear white to our eyes
D. It occurs when the radii of particle exceed 10mm
E. None

50. Which of the following is incorrect about atmospheric absorption and EM radiation?

A. Spectral sensors should be developed to collect wavelength data not influenced by

atmospheric absorptions
B. In the microwave region most of the radiation moves without hindrance
C. Ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are the main atmospheric constituents which absorb
radiation.
D. The atmosphere is nearly transparent to EM radiation of the mid-IR and all of the far-IR
regions.
E. None

51. Which of the following is incorrect about reflection of electromagnetic radiation?

A. Diffuse reflection occurs when the surface is rough and the energy is reflected almost
uniformly in all directions
B. Most earth surface features lie between perfectly specular or perfectly diffuse reflectors.
C. If the wavelengths are smaller than the surface variations specular reflection will dominate.
D. The amount of solar radiation that reflects varies with wavelength for all materials.
E. None

52. Which of the following is incorrect about swath and resolution of sensor systems?
 A. The wider the swath the higher the resolution
B. The narrow the swath, the fine the resolution
C. Wide the swath, low the resolution
D. Moderate the swath, moderate the resolution
E. None
53. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is not used by LiDAR remote sensing?
A. Ultraviolet B. Visible C. Infrared D. Radio wave
54. Which of the following is incorrect about microwave remote sensing?
A. All objects emit microwave energy of some magnitude
B. Detects the naturally emitted microwave energy within its field of view
C. Passive microwave sensors are typically radiometers or scanners
D. Radar is the most common form of imaging passive microwave sensors
55. One of the following sensors is a pioneer in producing hyperspectral images
A. HyspIRI B. PRISMA C. Hyperion D. PROBA-1 E. None
56. Which of the following resampling methods uses the digital value from the pixel in the
original image to calculate a distance weighted average of a block of sixteen pixels?
A. Cubic convolution
B. Bilinear interpolation resampling
C. Nearest neighbor resampling
D. All of the above
57. Which of the following image registration methods is best suited in land use and land cover
change detection studies?
A. Image to image registration
B. Image to map registration
C. Hybrid registration
D. All of the above
58. All of the following statements are true about the participatory GIS except________
A. It has many advantages in filling the gaps of GIS environment to solve environmental problems.
B. It is the integration of local knowledge and stakeholders’ perspectives in the GIS application.
C. It can be applied without integrating GIS software.
D. It facilitates data collection via the participation of community members through a Volunteer
Geographical Information
59. The section of MapServer Ethiopia designed for users with limited experience in digital
mapping is____________
A. Mapping based on pre-produced maps
B. Desktop mapping of selected information layers
C. Open geospatial data download
D. Mapping based on big online data source
60. Which of the following is different from the other?
A. ILWIS
B. QGIS
C. Mapwindow
D. Mapserver
61. All of the following are true about Web Server exept______.
A/ handles the requests from Web Browser (user) and Return the web page.
B/ is a daemon on a server machine listening to the Internet traffic and serving HTML
pages and other information.
C/ It is also called HTTP Server
D/ acts as a translator or connector between the application server and the map server
62. Which of the following is NOT true about QGIS?
A/ It integrates with other open-source GIS packages, including PostGIS, GRASS,
and MapServer to give users additional functionality.
B/ Plugins written in Python or C++ extend QGIS’s capabilities
C/ It performs geoprocessing using tools, which are different from the standard tools
found in ArcGIS
D/ It is one of the most popular and use friendly open source GIS packages available
63. Which of the following is NOT true about Urbanization?
A. It is spatial pattern and process of urban area
B. It is aspatial (non-spatial) and social process
C. it refers to the complex change of life styles which follow from the impact of cities on society
D. it involves changes in the socioeconomic and political structures of an urban.
64. Choose the wrong statement.
A. Urban growth may have both positive and negative impacts.
B. Mapping of urban growth is the same with mapping of urban area
C. Mapping of urban growth is change detection analysis of an urban area
 D. Urban growth is a spatially-conditioned process
65. Which of the following is NOT an effective capability of GIS in crime analysis___________.
A. Displaying spatial patterns of events
B. Identifying clusters of events (hotspots)
C. Comparing locations of hotspots across time
D. None of the above
66. Which of the following statement is NOT true about urban remote sensing________
A. It contributes to the creation of considerably more detailed urban maps
B. It offers planners a much deeper understanding of the dynamics of urban growth and
urban sprawl
C. It is not a new topic for the remote sensing community and geographers compared to
other applications
D. Its applications has shown a quantum increase
67. Urban growth should be analysed both as a pattern and as a process refers to _____and
_________respectively.
A. The analyses of spatial configuration of a metropolitan area in a specific time and its
change in the spatial structure over time.
B. The study of the change in the spatial structure of a metropolitan area over time and its
spatial configuration in a specific time.
C. The study of spatial configuration of a metropolitan area in a specific time and over time
D. The study of change in the spatial structure of a metropolitan area over time and specific time
68. Suppose that the average terrain elevation havg is 460m above mean sea level. What is the scale of
the photo if the flying height 4000 m above mean sea level and the camera focal length is 152.4 mm.
A/ 1:15,000 C/ 1:23228
B/ 1:15,700 D/ 1:33228
69. Assume that a student of Haramaya University has captured photographs of good-looking and
attractive places Haramaya campus using his/her smartphone camera. Then he/she went to his/ her
family for a break. He/ she explained about the campus using the information in the photograph. This is
a type of photogrammetry called____________.
A. Analytical Photogrammetry
B. Interpretive Photogrammetry
C. Quantitative Photogrammetry
D. Metric Photogrammetry
70. All of the following statements are true about the photogrammetric application in GIS
except________
A. Only photogrammetry play extremely important roles in the development and
implementation of geographic information systems.
B. Generating GIS database information by photogrammetry is usually faster and more
cost-effective than doing so by any other means
C. The photogrammetric procedures involved in developing topographic maps, digital
elevation models, digital orthophotos, are inputs for GIS.
D. Information for specific GIS databases can be compiled directly from stereo models
created from aerial photographs by photogrammetric restitution instruments.
71. Difference in parallax can be obtained due to____________
A/ Distance between Zenith
B/ Distance between bearings
C/ Distance between point’s sights
D/ Distance between Azimuths
72. Which one is true?
A. The scale of a vertical photo is directly proportional to flying height above ground
B The scale of a vertical photo is inversely proportional to camera focal length.
C. The quality of photo directly proportional to Focal Length
D. Focal length and coverage has direct relation
I. Answer the following questions in precise and to the point. (2 point Each)

1. Define GNSS?
2. Define Land Information System (LIS)
3. Explain a detail steps how the parcel fabrics is created from the shape file?
4. Define Geodesy
5. Discus the different techniques of spatial interpolation and outline the situation when
interpolation is needed. Explain your answer by giving example
6. Outline and briefly discus the main functional subsystems of GIS
7. Define the term GIS
8. Explain the difference and similarity between geodatabase feature classes and shape file.
9. Let’s assume that a certain laser scanner took one (1) minute to capture its own pulses returning
from the ground. Assuming the speed of the pulse is 300,000Km/hr what would be the range of
the pulse? (3)
10. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of ground based remote sensing platform over space
based remote sensing platform (3pts).
11. Explain the advantages of aerial photo over maps.
12. Discuss the difference between urban growth and urban sprawl and the application of GIS and
RS in the analysis of urban growth band sprawl.
13. Explain the advantage of open source software over proprietary one.