Practical No.

- 8[A]

Cohen-Surtherland Clipping Algorithm

Source Code:

1. #include<graphics.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. #include<stdio.h>

4. #include<math.h>

5. int main()

6. {

7. int rcode_begin[4]={0,0,0,0},rcode_end[4]={0,0,0,0},region_code[4];

8. int W_xmax,W_ymax,W_xmin,W_ymin,flag=0;

9. float slope;

10. int x,y,x1,y1,i, xc,yc;

11. int gr=DETECT,gm;

12. initgraph(&gr,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

13. printf("\n****** Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm ***********");

14. printf("\n Now, enter XMin, YMin =");

15. scanf("%d %d",&W_xmin,&W_ymin);

16. printf("\n First enter XMax, YMax =");

17. scanf("%d %d",&W_xmax,&W_ymax);

18. printf("\n Please enter intial point x and y= ");

19. scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);

20. printf("\n Now, enter final point x1 and y1= ");

21. scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

22. cleardevice();
23. rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);

24. line(x,y,x1,y1);

25. line(0,0,600,0);

26. line(0,0,0,600);

27. if(y>W_ymax) {

28. rcode_begin[0]=1; // Top

29. flag=1 ;

30. }

31. if(y<W_ymin) {

32. rcode_begin[1]=1; // Bottom

33. flag=1;

34. }

35. if(x>W_xmax) {

36. rcode_begin[2]=1; // Right

37. flag=1;

38. }

39. if(x<W_xmin) {

40. rcode_begin[3]=1; //Left

41. flag=1;

42. }

43. //end point of Line

44. if(y1>W_ymax){

45. rcode_end[0]=1; // Top

46. flag=1;

47. }
48. if(y1<W_ymin) {

49. rcode_end[1]=1; // Bottom

50. flag=1;

51. }

52. if(x1>W_xmax){

53. rcode_end[2]=1; // Right

54. flag=1;

55. }

56. if(x1<W_xmin){

57. rcode_end[3]=1; //Left

58. flag=1;

59. }

60. if(flag==0)

61. {

62. printf("No need of clipping as it is already in window");

63. }

64. flag=1;

65. for(i=0;i<4;i++){

66. region_code[i]= rcode_begin[i] && rcode_end[i] ;

67. if(region_code[i]==1)

68. flag=0;

69. }

70. if(flag==0)

71. {

72. printf("\n Line is completely outside the window");

74. else{

75. slope=(float)(y1-y)/(x1-x);

76. if(rcode_begin[2]==0 && rcode_begin[3]==1) //left

77. {

78. y=y+(float) (W_xmin-x)*slope ;

79. x=W_xmin;

80. }

81. if(rcode_begin[2]==1 && rcode_begin[3]==0) // right

82. {

83. y=y+(float) (W_xmax-x)*slope ;

84. x=W_xmax;

85.

86. }

87. if(rcode_begin[0]==1 && rcode_begin[1]==0) // top

88. {

89. x=x+(float) (W_ymax-y)/slope ;

90. y=W_ymax;

91.

92. }

93. if(rcode_begin[0]==0 && rcode_begin[1]==1) // bottom

94. {

95. x=x+(float) (W_ymin-y)/slope ;

96. y=W_ymin;

97. }
98. // end points

99. if(rcode_end[2]==0 && rcode_end[3]==1) //left

100.{

101.y1=y1+(float) (W_xmin-x1)*slope ;

102.x1=W_xmin;

103.}

104.if(rcode_end[2]==1 && rcode_end[3]==0) // right

105.{

106.y1=y1+(float) (W_xmax-x1)*slope ;

107.x1=W_xmax;

108.

109.}

110.if(rcode_end[0]==1 && rcode_end[1]==0) // top

111.{

112.x1=x1+(float) (W_ymax-y1)/slope ;

113.y1=W_ymax;

114.

115.}

116.if(rcode_end[0]==0 && rcode_end[1]==1) // bottom

117.{

118.x1=x1+(float) (W_ymin-y1)/slope ;

119.y1=W_ymin;

120.}

121.}

122.delay(1000);
 123.clearviewport();

124.rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);

125.line(0,0,600,0);

126.line(0,0,0,600);

127.setcolor(RED);

128.line(x,y,x1,y1);

129.getch();

130.closegraph();

131.}

Output:
 Practical No.-8[B]

Liang-Barsky Line Clipping Algorithm

Source Code:
1. #include<graphics.h>

2. #include<dos.h>

3. #include<stdio.h>

4. #include<math.h>

5. int main()

6. {

7. int i,gd=DETECT,gm;

8. int x1,y1,x2,y2,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax,xx1,xx2,yy1,yy2,dx,dy;

9. float t1,t2,p[4],q[4],temp;

10. x1=120;

11. y1=120;

12. x2=300;

13. y2=300;

14. xmin=100;

15. ymin=100;

16. xmax=250;

17. ymax=250;

18. initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

19. rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);

20. dx=x2-x1;

21. dy=y2-y1;

22. p[0]=-dx;
23. p[1]=dx;

24. p[2]=-dy;

25. p[3]=dy;

26. q[0]=x1-xmin;

27. q[1]=xmax-x1;

28. q[2]=y1-ymin;

29. q[3]=ymax-y1;

30. for(i=0;i<4;i++)

31. {

32. if(p[i]==0)

33. {

34. printf("line is parallel to one of the clipping boundary");

35. if(q[i]>=0)

36. {

37. if(i<2)

38. {

39. if(y1<ymin)

40. {

41. y1=ymin;

42. }

43. if(y2>ymax)

44. {

45. y2=ymax;

46. }

47. line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

48.

49. }

50. if(i>1)
51. {

52. if(x1<xmin)

53. {

54. x1=xmin;

55. }

56. if(x2>xmax)

57. {

58. x2=xmax;

59. }

60. line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

61. }

62. }

63. }

64. }

65. t1=0;

66. t2=1;

67. for(i=0;i<4;i++)

68. {

69. temp=q[i]/p[i];

70. if(p[i]<0)

71. {

72. if(t1<=temp)

73. t1=temp;

74. }

75. else

76. {

77. if(t2>temp)

78. t2=temp;
 79. }

80. }

81. if(t1<t2)

82. {

83. xx1=x1+t1*p[1];

84. xx2=x1+t2*p[1];

85. yy1=y1+t1*p[3];

86. yy2=y1+t2*p[3];

87. line(xx1,yy1,xx2,yy2);

88. }

89. delay(5000);

90. closegraph();

91. }

Output:
 Practical No.-9[A]

Flood Fill Algorithm

Source Code:
1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. #include<graphics.h>

4. #include<dos.h>

5. int flood(int x, int y ,int newcolor, int oldcolor)

6. {

7. if(getpixel(x,y)== oldcolor)

8. {

9. putpixel(x,y,newcolor);

10. delay(10);

11. flood(x+1,y, newcolor, oldcolor);

12. flood(x,y+1, newcolor, oldcolor);

13. flood(x-1,y, newcolor, oldcolor);

14. flood(x,y-1, newcolor, oldcolor);

15. }

16. }

17. int main()

18. {

19. int gd = DETECT,gm;

20. initgraph(&gd,&gm, "c:/tc/bgi");

21. rectangle(250,200,300,250);

22. flood(251,201,4,0);

23. getch();

24. closegraph();
 25. }

Output:
 Practical No.-9[B]

Boundary Fill Algorithm

Source Code:
1. #include<graphics.h>

2. void boundaryfill4(int x, int y ,int fill_color, int boun_color)

3. {

4. if(getpixel(x,y)!=boun_color && getpixel(x,y)!=fill_color)

5. {

6. putpixel(x,y,fill_color);

7. delay(5);

8. boundaryfill4(x+1,y, fill_color, boun_color);

9. boundaryfill4(x,y+1, fill_color, boun_color);

10. boundaryfill4(x-1,y, fill_color, boun_color);

11. boundaryfill4(x,y-1, fill_color, boun_color);

12. }

13. }

14. int main()

15. {

16. int gm,gd = DETECT;

17. initgraph(&gm,&gd,"c:/tc/bgi");

18. int x = 200, y = 140, radius = 60;

19. circle(x,y,radius);

20. boundaryfill4(x,y,6,15);

21. getch();

22. closegraph();

23. return 0;
 24. }

Output:
 Practical No.-10

Scenery View
Source Code:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<cmath>

int main()

initwindow(1200,600,"SIMPLE CITY SCENARIO");

for(int j=0;j<1200;j+=3)

//HILLS

setcolor(6);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);

line(0,350,50,250);

line(50,250,150,350);

line(150,350,250,200);

line(250,200,450,350);

line(450,350,700,190);

line(700,190,900,350);

line(900,350,1050,250);

line(1050,250,1200,350);

line(0,350,1200,350);
 floodfill(5,340,6);

setbkcolor(2);

// Drawing the bird

line(50+j,50,70+j,70);

line(70+j,70,50+j,90);

line(80+j,80,100+j,100);

line(100+j,100,80+j,110);

line(150+j,60,170+j,80);

line(170+j,80,150+j,100);

//1st cloud

setcolor(15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,15);

ellipse(100-j,50,-20,200,25,20);

ellipse(125-j,70,240,110,20,20);

ellipse(100-j,90,170,380,20,20);

ellipse(80-j,70,70,290,20,20);

floodfill(100-j,60,15);

//2nd cloud

setcolor(15);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,15);

ellipse(500-j,105,0,180,30,25);

ellipse(530-j,130,285,90,40,30);

ellipse(515-j,160,210,360,25,30);

ellipse(480-j,150,180,300,30,30);

ellipse(470-j,130,85,235,30,25);
 floodfill(500-j,140,15);

// 3rd clouds

setcolor(WHITE);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);

ellipse(900-j,50,-20,200,25,20);

ellipse(925-j,70,240,110,20,20);

ellipse(900-j,90,170,380,20,20);

ellipse(880-j,70,70,290,20,20);

floodfill(900-j,60,WHITE);

// Draw Sun

setcolor(YELLOW);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, YELLOW);

circle(700, 100, 40);

floodfill(700, 100, YELLOW);

// Draw Sun Rays

setcolor(YELLOW);

for (int i = 0; i < 360; i += 30) {

line(700, 100, 700 + 60 * cos(i * 3.14 / 180), 100 + 60 * sin(i * 3.14 / 180));

// building

setcolor(4);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,4);

setbkcolor(3);

rectangle(50,500,200,300);
floodfill(51,499,4);

setcolor(13);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,13);

setbkcolor(12);

rectangle(350,500,450,300);

floodfill(351,499,13);

setcolor(12);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,12);

setbkcolor(5);

rectangle(450,500,500,350);

floodfill(451,499,12);

setcolor(9);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,9);

setbkcolor(13);

rectangle(500,500,600,300);

floodfill(501,499,9);

setcolor(3);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,3);

setbkcolor(14);

rectangle(800,500,1000,300);

floodfill(801,499,3);

setcolor(12);

setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,12);

setbkcolor(5);

rectangle(1000,500,1100,330);
 floodfill(1001,499,12);

//road

setcolor(8);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,8);

rectangle(0,500,1200,600);

floodfill(10,510,8);

setcolor(15);

for(int i=0;i<1200;i+=70)

line(0+i,550,50+i,550);

//CAR BODY

setcolor(4);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,4);

ellipse(0+j,537,0,180,16,16);

ellipse(70+j,537,0,180,16,16);

line(14+j,535,56+j,535);//center line

line(84+j,535,101+j,535);//front line

line(100+j,536,100+j,508);//front height

line(101+j,510,93+j,504); //front bonet

line(94+j,505,87+j,484);//driver view

line(89+j,485,36+j,485);//ceiling

line(37+j,484,37+j,516);//half join

line(-14+j,535,-36+j,535);//back line

line(-35+j,536,-35+j,514);//back height
 line(-36+j,515,38+j,515);//back height to half line

floodfill(20+j,533, 4);

//wheel 1

setcolor(0);

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,0);

pieslice(0+j,535,0-j,90-j,10);

pieslice(0+j,535,180-j,270-j,10);

circle(0+j,535,10);

ellipse(0+j,537,0,180,16,16);

//wheel 2

pieslice(70+j,535,0-j,90-j,10);

pieslice(70+j,535,180-j,270-j,10);

circle(70+j,535,10);

ellipse(70+j,537,0,180,16,16);

//mirror

setcolor(0);

setfillstyle(SLASH_FILL,0);

line(43+j,505,87+j,505);

line(43+j,505,43+j,490);

line(43+j,490,83+j,490);

line(83+j,490,87+j,505);

floodfill(78+j,500,0);

//mirror driver

setcolor(0);

setfillstyle(SLASH_FILL,0);
 rectangle(61.5+j,490,63.5+j,505);

floodfill(62.5+j,500,0);

//background color

setbkcolor(11);

//floodfill(j,520,6);

delay(50);

cleardevice();

getch();

closegraph();

Output:
 Practical No. -7[B]

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <conio.h>

void reset (int h[][2])

int val[9][2] = {

{ 50, 50 },{ 75, 50 },{ 75, 75 },{ 100, 75 },

{ 100, 50 },{ 125, 50 },{ 125, 100 },{ 87, 125 },{ 50, 100 }

};

int i;

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

h[i][0] = val[i][0]-50;

h[i][1] = val[i][1]-50;

void draw (int h[][2])

int i;

setlinestyle (DOTTED_LINE, 0, 1);

line (320, 0, 320, 480);

line (0, 240, 640, 240);

setlinestyle (SOLID_LINE, 0, 1);

line (320+h[i][0], 240-h[i][1], 320+h[i+1][0], 240-h[i+1][1]);

line (320+h[0][0], 240-h[0][1], 320+h[8][0], 240-h[8][1]);

void rotate (int h[][2], float angle)

int i;

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

int xnew, ynew;

xnew = h[i][0] * cos (angle) - h[i][1] * sin (angle);

ynew = h[i][0] * sin (angle) + h[i][1] * cos (angle);

h[i][0] = xnew; h[i][1] = ynew;

void scale (int h[][2], int sx, int sy)

int i;

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

h[i][0] *= sx;

h[i][1] *= sy;

void translate (int h[][2], int dx, int dy)

int i;

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

{
 h[i][0] += dx;

h[i][1] += dy;

void reflect (int h[][2], int m, int c)

int i;

float angle;

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

h[i][1] -= c;

angle = M_PI/2 - atan (m);

rotate (h, angle);

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

h[i][0] = -h[i][0];

angle = -angle;

rotate (h, angle);

for (i=0; i<9; i++)

h[i][1] += c;

void ini()

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");

void dini()

getch();

closegraph();

}
int main()

int h[9][2],sx,sy,x,y,m,c,choice;

do

printf("1. Scaling about the origin.\n");

printf("2. Scaling about an arbitrary point.\n");

printf("3. Reflection about the line y = mx + c.\n");

printf("4. Exit\n");

printf("Enter the choice: ");

scanf("%d",&choice);

switch(choice)

case 1: printf ("Enter the x- and y-scaling factors: ");

scanf ("%d%d", &sx, &sy);

ini();

reset (h);

draw (h);getch();

scale (h, sx, sy);

cleardevice();

draw (h);

dini();

break;

case 2: printf ("Enter the x- and y-scaling factors: ");

scanf ("%d%d", &sx, &sy);

printf ("Enter the x- and y-coordinates of the point: ");

scanf ("%d%d", &x, &y);

ini();

reset (h);
 translate (h, x, y);// Go to arbitrary point

draw(h); getch();//Show its arbitrary position

cleardevice();

translate(h,-x,-y);//Take it back to origin

draw(h);

getch();

cleardevice();

scale (h, sx, sy);//Now Scale it

draw(h);

getch();

translate (h, x, y);//Back to Arbitrary point

cleardevice();

draw (h);

putpixel (320+x, 240-y, WHITE);

dini();

break;

case 3: printf ("Enter the values of m and c: ");

scanf ("%d%d", &m, &c);

ini();

reset (h);

draw (h); getch();

reflect (h, m, c);

cleardevice();

draw (h);

dini();

break;

case 4: exit(0);

}while(choice!=4);
}

Output: