COMMUNICATION BY AGE

LEVEL: ADULT COMMUNICATION

ARRANGED BY GROUP 3

RIZKA FEBRIYANA (2314301009)

CHALISTA DWI SANTIKA (2314301019)
FIOLA EVILIA (2314301027)
JONATHAN WOJTYLA WIDYATMOKO (2314301032)
NADINE FRIZANIAARDINA (2314301042)
REVITA CAHYAKAMILA (2314301053)
TRI SUGESTI (2314301061)

NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

POLTEKKES KEMENKES TANJUNG KARANG
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

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 FOREWARD

Praise be to God Almighty for giving his grace and guidance so that the author can complete
a paper entitled " Communication By Age Level: Adult Communication”. The purpose of this
writing is to fulfill the assignment of communication course, this is expected to be an addition
to the insight for the reader as well as for the author himself.

The author would like to thank Ma’am Dwi Agustanti, in the nursing lecture. who has
entrusted this assignment to the author, so that it really helps the author to deepen knowledge
in the field of study being pursued.

Thank you also to all those who have shared their knowledge with the author, so that this
paper can be completed on time. There is no ivory that is not cracked, the author realizes that
this paper is far from perfect. Therefore, the author expects criticism and suggestions for the
perfection of this paper.

Lampung, August,23 2023

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER...............................................................................................................................1
FORWARD........................................................................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENT....................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................4
A. Background........................................................................................................4
B. Problem Identification ......................................................................................4
C. Purpose ..............................................................................................................4
D. Benefits..............................................................................................................5

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................6
A. Adult Communication........................................................................................6
B. Communication Atmosphere In Adult Client ...................................................6
C. Communication Techniques and Their Applications........................................7
D. Adult Client Communication Model.................................................................7

CHAPTER 4 CLOSING...................................................................................................10
A. Conclusion.........................................................................................................10
B. Sugestions .........................................................................................................10

BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................11

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

As social creatures, humans always want to connect with other people. want to know
the surrounding environment, even want to know what happens to him. It is this curiosity that
forces humans to communicate. Communication is as eternal a part of humans as breathing.
As long as humans want to live, they need communication. Communication is a very
fundamental need for a person in social life because without communication society will not
be formed. The existence of communication is caused by the need to maintain survival and
the need to adapt to the environment. In communicating the success of communicators or
communicants is determined by several factors, namely: capability, knowledge, attitude,
social system, external conditions.

Communication is an effective tool to influence human behavior, so communication is

developed and maintained continuously. Communication aims to facilitate, carry out, certain
activities in order to achieve optimal goals, both communication within the scope of work
and human relations The advancement of science and technology in the field of health
workers as well as changes in the concept of health workers from individual care of the sick
to plenary care and the transition from a medical-oriented approach to a disease model that
focuses on people who are personal causes communication to be more important in providing
care.

Health workers are required to apply an appropriate communication model that is

tailored to the patient's developmental stage. In adults, they have attitudes, knowledge and
skills that have long settled in themselves so that changing their behavior is very difficult.
Therefore, it is necessary to have an appropriate communication model so that the
communication objectives can be achieved effectively. Starting from this, we tried to make a
paper that tried to apply the right communication concept model to adults. Adults are not like
empty glasses that can be filled with something. Therefore, it is said that adults cannot be
taught something new to change their behavior quickly. Adults, if they themselves want to
learn something new, will be encouraged to take steps to achieve that something new.

B. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
1. How is Adult Communication?
2. What is the communication atmosphere in adult clients?
3. How do communication models apply to adult clients?

C. PURPOSE

1. To find out how adult communication works.

2. To find out how the communication atmosphere in adult clients.
3. To find out how the application of communication models on client.

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D. BENEFITS

1. make it easier to know how adult communication works.

2. It makes it easier to know how the communication atmosphere in adult clients.
3. make it easier to know how models of communication in adult clients.

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 CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION

A. ADULT COMMUNICATION

In adults. they have attitudes, knowledge and skills that have long settled in
themselves so that to change their behavior is very difficult. therefore it is necessary to have
an appropriate communication model so that communication objectives can be achieved
effectively. Starting from this we try to make a paper that tries to apply the right
communication concept model to adult clients.

According by Erikson (1985) in Stuart and Sundeen (1998) explains that in adults
there is psychosocial development, namely intimacy versus isolation. Adults already have
certain attitudes, certain knowledge, and it is not uncommon for the attitude to have been
very long settled in him so that it is not easy to change it. Knowledge that has been
considered correct and useful is not necessarily easy to replace with new knowledge if it
happens to be inconsistent with the old one. Adults are not like empty glasses that can be
filled with something. Therefore, it is said that adults cannot be taught something new to
change their behavior quickly. Adults, if they themselves want to learn something new, will
be encouraged to take steps to achieve something new.

At this stage, adults are able to learn to share their feelings of love, interests and
problems with others. During this period, adults have their own ways of communicating with
others. The specific ways they usually do are related to their knowledge, experience, attitude,
stability, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Based on the development of communication in
adults and the problems that occur, in order to achieve effective communication, especially in
carrying out nursing services, it is necessary to demonstrate and apply therapeutic attitudes.

Verbal and nonverbal communication are forms of communication that must support
each other. As with communication in children, nonverbal behavior is equally important in
adults. Facial expressions, body movements, and tone of voice signal the emotional status of
the adult. Sick and hospitalized adults can feel helpless, insecure, and incapable when
surrounded by authority figures. Their status of independence has changed to one where
others decide when they eat and when they sleep. It is a self-threatening experience when
adults are helpless and anxious and this can be expressed in the form of anger and aggression.
With context-appropriate communication by professionals, adult patients will be able to
exhibit adaptive behaviors and achieve acceptance of their problems.

B. COMMUNICATION ATMOSPHERE IN ADULT CLIENTS

With these factors affecting the effectiveness of adult communication, attention is

devoted to creating a communication atmosphere that is expected to achieve the desired
goals. In communicating with adults are:

1. A Respectful Atmosphere
Adults and the elderly will be able to communicate well if their personal opinions are
respected, they prefer if they can participate in thinking and expressing their thoughts.
2. An Atmosphere Of Mutual Respect
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 All opinions, feelings, thoughts, ideas, and value systems need to be respected.
Undermining and disregarding their self-esteem can be an obstacle in the course of
communication.

3. An Atmosphere Of Mutual Trust

Mutual trust that what is conveyed is true will be able to bring the expected results.
Do not deny what is communicated by adults or the elderly, because they will distrust
you and result in communication goals not being achieved.

4. An Open Atmosphere
Openness in communication is necessary for both adults and the elderly. Openness
means being open to expressing oneself and being open to listening to others. Only in
an atmosphere of openness can all alternatives be explored.

C. COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

When you communicate, starting at the infant-child age level through to adults and
the elderly the techniques should be used in combination. However, in particular, you should
master techniques that distinguish certain age groups according to their developmental
characteristics. Here are the specific communication techniques you should apply when
communicating with adults.

1. The delivery of the message directly to the recipient without an intermediary.With

direct delivery, clients will find it easier to accept the explanation delivered. The use
of telephone or other communication media, such as writing, can lead to
misperceptions because there is no feedback to evaluate directly.

2. Mutual influence and influence, meaning that communication between nurses and
adult patients must be balanced and no one should dominate. The nurse should not
always dominate the role so that the client is placed in a compliant state. This
technique emphasizes a helping-relationship.

3. Direct reciprocal communication, meaning that reciprocal communication can

minimize the possibility of misperceptions. This reciprocal relationship and
communication shows the importance of the nurse-client relationship.

4. Communication is continuous, not static and dynamic.

D. ADULT CLIENT COMMUNICATION MODEL

a) Shanon & Weaver Model

The Shanon & Weaver model looks at the problem of message delivery information based on
the level of accuracy. This model illustrates the source in the form of a cipher. It is assumed
that the information source conveys signals that match the information channel used.
Interference that can interfere with the accuracy of the message being conveyed. This model
can be applied to the concept of interpersonal communication. Favorable factors from the
implementation of this model is that the message conveyed can be received directly by the
recipient. directly by the recipient. However, this model also has weaknesses in the form of
the relationship between the source and the recipient of the message is not visible. invisible.

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Therefore, adult clients prefer direct communication because the application of
communication through intermediaries can reduce the clarity of the the message being
communicated.

b) Leary Communication Model

Leary's model of communication emphasizes the influence of the interaction relationship
between the two communicating parties. This model observes client behavior that is
influenced by the surrounding environment. Leary's communication model is applied in the
health field based on the balance of information that occurs in communication between
professionals and clients. In the communication message in this model, there are two
dimensions that need to be considered in its application, namely the dimensions: determinant
vs determined, and like vs dislike.

For a certain period of time, the patient is positioned as a recipient of a message that is under
the domination of health professionals. In communication, there should be a balance of trust
between sender and receiver of the message. If this communication model is applied on adult
clients can only be done in emergency conditions to to save the client's life because in
emergency conditions the client must obey the message conveyed by the nurse/health
professional. messages delivered by nurses/health professionals. But in clients/patients in
chronic conditions this communication model is not appropriate for applied because adult
clients have commitments based on their attitudes and knowledge that is not easily influenced
by nurses. In this case, it is more appropriate to apply the like (hue) dimension at a certain a
certain level, limited to a means of conveying professional messages. This model emphasizes
the importance of relationships in assisting clients with direct health care directly.

c) King's interaction model

King's interaction model emphasizes the meaning of the communication process between the
nurse and the client and prioritizes the application of the perspective system to illustrate the
professionalism of nurses in providing assistance to clients. This model emphasizes the
importance of ongoing interactions between the nurse and the client in making decisions
about the client's condition based on their perception of the situation. Interaction is a dynamic
process that involves a reciprocal relationship between perceptions, decisions, and nurse-
client actions, feedback in this model points to the importance of the relationship between
nurse and client. Communication based on the King's interaction model is more appropriate
for adult clients because this model considers the intrinsic-extrinsic factors of the adult client
which aims to establish a transaction. The feedback that occurs is useful to the results of the
information conveyed are well received by the client.

d) Health Communication Model

This communication is focused on the transaction between health professionals and clients.
The 3 main factors in the health communication process are:
 Relationship
 Transaction
 Context

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Relationship is conditioned for interpersonal relationships, how a professional can convince
the person. A health professional is someone who has a health education background,training
and experience in the health sector. A client is an individual who being provided with
services. Other people are important to support the interaction especially supporting the client
to maintain health.

Transaction is an interaction agreement between participants in the communication process.

Context is health communication that has the main topic about the client's health and is
usually adapted to the place and situation. Application to Adult client communication This
communication model is also be applied to adult clients, because health professionals
(nurses) pay attention to the characteristics of the client that will affect their interactions with
others. Transactions are continuous, not static and feedback. This communication also does
not involve other people who affect the client's health.

The context of communication is adjusted to purpose, type of service provided.

Communicating with adults requires certain rules such as: manners, certain language, looking
at the level of education, age, factors, culture, values, psychological factors, and others so that
nurses must pay attention to these things so that there is no misunderstanding. must pay
attention to these things so that there is no misunderstanding. In communication with adults,
it is sought that nurses accept them as human beings and as a whole human being and nurses
must be able to accept every person as different from one another. people are different from
one another. Based on certain things above, the communication concepts that are appropriate
and can be applied to adult clients are This communication model shows a relationship that
pays attention to the characteristics of the client and involves the sender and receiver, as well
as the presence of feedback to evaluate the purpose of communication.

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 CHAPTER 3
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

Adults have knowledge, experiences, attitudes and skills that are settled and difficult
to change in a short time. Motivating and empowering their existing knowledge/experience
and attitudes are important to communicate with adults in order to change their behavior.
Effective communication is essential to providing quality care to patients and collaborating
with peers in the care team.

B. SUGESTION

Related to the conclusions of the research results, there are several things that can be
suggested for the purposes of developing research results on communication to adults

1. For Families
It is hoped that families, especially young children, will be able to better understand
communication with adults or with their parents after reading this paper.

2. For educational institutions

In nursing education institutions, especially teaching lecturers, it is expected can
increase the knowledge and motivation of prospective nurse students about the
importance of the role of nurses as health care workers in providing health promotion
and counseling to the general public about the importance of communication to
elderly adults.

3. For Nursing Service Agencies

It is hoped that gerontic and community nursing service agencies as well as health
service personnel in the Puskesmas or hospital area provide better services to adults
and aim to achieve a quality quality of life towards the elderly

4. For further researchers

For future researchers, they should study more about communication with adults so
that health services in Indonesia can run even better

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://maimelajah.com/komunikasi-terapeutik-pada-dewasa/?amp=1 (august,24 2023)

Leininger, M. & McFarland, M.R. (2002). Transcultural Nursing: Concepts, theories,

Research, and Practice. 3th Edition, USA: Mc-Graw Hill Medical Publishing Division.

McGee, P. (1992). Teaching Transcultural Care: A Guide for Teachers of Nursing and Health
Care. London: Springer Science Media B.V.

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