RESUME
Communication Education for Adults
By Students
Applied Undergraduate Program and
Professional Nurse Education Program 1RKI
Coursework: Communication
Lecturer: Syafdewiyani, S.Kp.M.Kep.
Group 3:
1. Annisa Amalia (P3.73.20.2.21.103)
2. Deva Angela (P3.73.20.2.21.107)
3. Hertinayu Indriaswari (P3.73.20.2.21.111)
4. Lintang Padmasari (P3.73.20.2.21.115)
5. Mochammad Zaky Akbar (P3.73.20.2.21.119)
6. Novi Nurwulandhari (P3.73.20.2.21.123)
7. Raihanah Faadhilah Putri (P3.73.20.2.21.127)
8. Risti Diana Pangestu (P3.73.20.2.21.131)
9. Salwa Putri Afifah (P3.73.20.2.21.135)
10. Vinny Alvionita (P3.73.20.2.21.140)
POLTEKKES KEMENKES JAKARTA III APPLIED UNDERGRADUATE
PROGRAM AND PROFESSIONAL NURSE EDUCATION
2022
Adult characteristics
Adulthood is a time of seeking stability, a period of emotional tension, and a period of
adaptation to their new lifestyle. "Adult" comes from the verb "Adultus" which means "has grown
to a perfect strength and size or has become an adult". Many say that adulthood is a difficult time
because at this time a person is required to let go of his dependence on parents and try to be
independent. There are some of the age classifications of adults:
1. According to WHO, the age of adults (adults) is 20-60 years.
2. The adult phase according to the Ministry of Health:
• Early Adulthood: 26-35 Years.
• Late Adulthood: 36-45 Years.
3. According to Hurlock, adulthood is divided into 3 groups, namely:
• Early adulthood (18-40 years).
• Middle adulthood (40-60 years).
• Late adulthood or old age (60-death).
A. Early adulthood
Early adulthood is a period of adjustment to a new lifestyle and social expectations. Early
adulthood is a period of transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to Hurlock (2009),
some things become tasks during early adult development, namely getting a job, choosing a life
partner, learning to live together with husband and wife to form a family, raising children,
managing a household, accepting responsibility. as citizens, and joining in a social group.
Early adult development traits:
• Reproductive Age. This period is marked by forming a household.
• The age of stabilization, where a person can manage life and be responsible for his life.
• Problem age, if a person is not ready to enter this stage, he will have difficulty completing
this stage of development.
• Emotional tension, this appears depending on the problems faced at a certain time.
• A period of social isolation, with the end of formal education, some of them will continue
their education again, this period is a time for them to enter adulthood.
B. Middle adulthood
At this time, individuals make adjustments independently. Most middle-aged adults have
been able to determine their problems well, so that they are stable and mature in their emotions. In
the California Longitudinal Study, when people are 34 to 50 years old, they are the healthiest,
calmest, most self-controlling age group, and also the most responsible (Levinson & Peskin, 1981
in Santrock, 2002). Middle adulthood characteristics:
• Middle adulthood is a period that is very feared
Men and women have reasons to fear middle age, as there are many unflattering
stereotypes about middle age, namely beliefs about the mental and the physical.
• Middle age is a transition period
This age is a transition period as well as puberty, which is a transition period from
childhood to adolescence.
• Middle age is a time of stress
Adjustments to roles and lifestyles, such as physical changes, always tend to damage the
physical, psychological, and homeostasis, homeostasis is the maintenance (through the
body's physiological mechanisms) physical and psychological.
• Middle age is a dangerous age
Middle age can be dangerous in many other ways such as experiencing physical distress,
excessive anxiety, or lack of attention to life.
• Middle adulthood is an awkward age
The point here is in middle-aged men and women. They aren't young anymore, but they
weren't old either.
• Middle adulthood is a time of achievement
According to Erikson, in middle age, people will become more successful or vice versa if
they stop (still) not doing anything anymore. According to him, if a person in middle age
has a strong desire, he will succeed, on the other hand, if he has a weak desire, he will
stagnate (or settle) in his life.
• Middle adulthood is a period of saturation
Men and women who enter this period experience saturation, which is around the age of
40. Men feel bored with daily routine activities, and women spend their time being
housewives and raising their children. So that some feel that their lives have no variety
and are monotonous so that they feel bored.
Therapeutic Principles in Adult Patients
From a psychological point of view, adults in communication situations have certain attitudes,
namely:
1. Communication is a knowledge desired by adults themselves, then adults are not taught
but motivated to seek more up-to-date knowledge
2. Communication is an emotional and intellectual process At the same time, humans have
feelings and thoughts.
3. Communication is the result of mutual cooperation between humans live and take, will
learn a lot, because of the exchange experience, share their reactions and responses about
a problem.
In communicating with adults, knowledge of typical attitudes is needed. Together with this,
there are specific psychological attitudes in adults towards their communication.
1. Adults communicate based on their own knowledge/experience
Nurse attitude: Using motivation to seek knowledge on their own as desired. No need to
teach, but enough to provide motivation to replace inappropriate behavior.
2. Communicating with adults must involve feelings and thoughts
Nurse attitude: Use the feelings and thoughts of adults as a force to change their behavior.
3. Communication is the result of cooperation between humans who share experiences and
express their reactions and responses to a problem
Nurse attitude: Collaborate with adults to solve problems. Provide opportunities for the
adults to express experiences and provide their own responses to these experiences.
Strategies for Implementing Nursing Actions in Adult Patients
Communication is an effective tool to influence human behavior towards a better direction
so that nurses need to master the techniques and models of communication concepts that are
appropriate for each client's characteristics. Nurses can improve communication with adult clients
as a form of approach in communicating with the adults as follows.
• Create a pleasant atmosphere and try to deal directly with clients, both physically and
emotionally.
• To initiate communication, give instructions or information.
Atmospheres:
• Mutual Respect
Adults will be able to communicate well if their personal opinions are respected.
• Mutual Trust
Trust each other’s opinion.
• Mutually Open
Open to self-disclosure and open to listening to others.
Communication is an effective tool to influence human behavior towards a better direction
so that nurses need to master the techniques and models of communication concepts that are
appropriate for each client's characteristics.
• Adults have the knowledge, attitudes and skills that remain in them that are difficult to
change in a short time so that the right communication model is needed so that goals can
be achieved.
• The communication concept model that is suitable for adult clients is a health
communication model that emphasizes a relationship of give and take and feedback to
evaluate whether the information conveyed is in accordance with what is to be achieved.
Application of Therapeutic Communication to Adult Clients
1. Direct Message Delivery (Without Intermediaries)
This is done by means of nurses and patients meeting directly in one place so that in the process
of communicating patients can receive messages directly. And if there is a misunderstanding,
the patient can ask the nurse directly to explain the message again.
2. Continuous Communication
When communicating with patients, nurses must be able to create a comfortable and dynamic
atmosphere so that patients remain enthusiastic in receiving the message conveyed.
3. Direct Reciprocal Communication
Mutual communication can minimize the possibility of misperceptions. This reciprocal
relationship and communication shows the importance of the nurse-patient relationship.
4. Influence and be influenced
Nurses do not just convey messages and complete, but nurses must provide opportunities
for patients to respond and express their opinions on the messages conveyed so that nurses
do not dominate patients to always obey.
Communication Education for Adult Patients
In communicating with adults to the elderly, knowledge of typical attitudes is needed. Here
are the specific psychological attitudes in adults towards their communication.
• Adults / elderly communicate based on their own knowledge / experience.
Nurse's attitude
Communicating with adults should involve feelings and thoughts.
Communication is the result of cooperation between humans who give experience to each
other and express their reactions and responses about a problem.
Verbal and nonverbal communication are forms of communication that must support each
other. As with communication in children, nonverbal behavior is equally important in adults as
well as the elderly. Facial expressions, body movements, and tone of voice give a sign of the
emotional status of adults and the elderly.
By communicating appropriate to the patient's context as an adult by professionals, adult
patients will be able to exhibit adaptive behavior and be able to achieve acceptance of the problem.
1. Communication Techniques in Adults and Their Application.
Here are the communication techniques that you should specifically apply when
communicating with adults.
• Sending a message directly to the recipient without an intermediary.
• Influence and influence each other,
• Communicate in direct reciprocity,
• Continuous communication
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