Computer Programming with Python
01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University 1
Built-in Library Functions
01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University 2
Mathematical Functions
We need to import math module to use these functions
sqrt(x)
ceil(x)
factorial(x)
floor(x)
gcd(a, b)
log(x,b)
log10(x)
sin(x)
pi
e
There are many more
https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
02/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University 3
Relational/Comparison Operators
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Logical/Boolean Operators
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Compound/Augmented Assignment/Shorthand operators
01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University 6
++ and -- operators in Python?
There are no ++ and – operators(increment and decrement operators) in
Python.
Such operators creates compiler dependency issue and associativity of
operators issue in C/Java. Python is clever by avoiding use of ++ and -- in this
sense. For example, x++ can be written as x += 1 and x-- can be written as x -
= 1.
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
Bitwise Operators
Operator Meaning Example
& Bitwise AND x& y = 0 (0000 0000)
| Bitwise OR x | y = 14 (0000 1110)
~ Bitwise NOT ~x = -11 (1111 0101)
^ Bitwise XOR x ^ y = 14 (0000 1110)
>> Bitwise right shift x>> 2 = 2 (0000 0010)
<< Bitwise left shift x<< 2 = 40 (0010 1000)
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
Bitwise Operators
1] Write a Python program to test whether your input integer is power
of 2 or not using bitwise operator(s) and without using arithmetic
operators.
2] Given two positive integers n and m. Write a Python program to check
whether n is divisible by 2m or not using bitwise operator(s) and without
using arithmetic operators. For example,
Input : n = 40, m = 3
Output : Yes
Input : n = 40, m = 4
Output : No
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
Membership Operators
Used to test whether a value is found within a sequence. For example, you can use the membership
operators to test for the presence of a substring in a string, lists, or tuples. Two membership operators
exist in Python:
in – evaluates to True if the value in the left operand appears in the sequence found in the right operand.
not in – evaluates to True if the value in the left operand doesn’t appear in the sequence found in the
right operand.
>>> 'on' in 'Hello Python'
True
>>> 'ton' in 'Hello Python'
False
>>> 'On' in 'Hello Python'
False
>>> 'on' not in 'Hello Python'
False
>>> 'ton' not in 'Hello Python'
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
True
Membership Operators
>>> 30 in [10,20,30,40,50]
True
>>> 35 in [10,20,30,40,50]
False
>>> 30 not in [10,20,30,40,50]
False
>>> 35 not in [10,20,30,40,50]
True
>>> 'toe' in ('tic', 'tac', 'toe', 50, 20.5)
True
>>> 'toe' not in ('tic', 'tac', 'toe', 50, 20.5)
False
>>> 'too' in ('tic', 'tac', 'toe', 50, 20.5)
False
>>> 'too' not in ('tic', 'tac', 'toe', 50, 20.5)
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
True
Identity Operators
The identity operators in Python are used to determine whether a value is of a certain type. They are usually used
to determine the type of data a certain variable contains. Two identity operators are available in Python.
is – returns True if the type of the value in the right operand points to the same type in the left operand.
is not – returns True if the type of the value in the right operand points to a different type than the value in the left operand.
>>> x=5
>>> type(x) is int
True
>>> type(x) is float
False
>>> type(x) is not int
False
>>> type(x) is not float
True
>>> y = 3.25
>>> type(y) is not float
False
>>> type(y) is int
False 01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University
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Ternary/conditional Operator
Like C,C++/Java there is no such ?: operator in Python
>>> a,b=10,20
>>> min=a if a<b else b
>>> print(min)
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01/08/2018 Debajyoti Ghosh, Asst. Prof, BML Munjal University 13
