VNU University of Engineering and Technology

Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

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SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS

Lecture 1: Introduction

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU UET
 Contents

❖ Basic packet switching Terminology

❖ Evolution of Communication Networks
❖ What is SDN?
❖ Why SDN?

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology

- WAN, LAN, MAN, WLAN

- OSI Model, TCP/IP Model

- Port, MAC address, Logical Address (IP Address)

- Frame, Packet

- Switch, router (layer three switch), circuit switch, packet switch

- Connection-oriented model vs connectionless model

- Bandwidth, delay, SNR, SINR, packet drop rate, throughput

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Terminology

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
Terminology

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 Terminology

TCP/IP and OSI Models

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 Terminology
Data Center

Fig: Typical Data Center Network Topology

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology
Traditional Switch Architecture

Fig: Roles of the control, management and data planes

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 Terminology

Traditional Switch Architecture

- Data Plane: packet buffering, packet scheduling,

header modification and forwarding
- Control Plane: keep information in the forwarding
table, process a number of different control
protocols
- Management Plane: configure and monitor the
switch.

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology
Programmable forwarding rules

Fig: A packet’s journey through switching hardware

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology

Autonomous and Dynamic forwarding Tables

- Layer two control: using MAC address (frame level)

Eg: Spanning Tree Protocol
- Layer three control: using IP address (packet level)
Eg:
Interior Gateway Protocols: RIP, OSPF, IS-IS
Exterior Gateway Protocols: BGP
Others: LDP for exchanging information about MPLS
labels, IGMP, MSDP and PIM for multicast routing.

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology

Autonomous and Dynamic forwarding Tables

Fig: Control Plane consternation in the switch

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 Terminology

Autonomous and Dynamic forwarding Tables

Fig: Overhead of dynamic distributed route computation

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Terminology

Autonomous and Dynamic forwarding Tables

Fig: Centralized programming of forwarding tables

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
Evolution of Communication Networks

According to Cisco, by 2023, there are

more than 30 billion devices connected
to networks with approximate 3 billion
users.

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 What is SDN?

❑ SDN originated from OpenFlow

❑ Centralized Controller
Easy to program
Change routing policies on the fly
=> Software Defined Network
(SDN)
❑ Initially, SDN =
- Separation of Control and Data Plane
- Centralization of Control
- OpenFlow to talk to the data Plane

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 What is SDN?

All of these are mechanisms

SDN is not a mechanism
It is a framework to solve a set of problems => Many Solutions

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 What is SDN?

“The physical separation of the network control plane from

the forwarding plane, and where a control plane controls
several devices.”

1. Directly programmable
2. Agile: Abstracting control from forwarding
3. Centrally Managed
4. Programmatically configured
5. Open standards-based vendor neural

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Why SDN?

1. Virtualization: Use network resource without worrying about

where it is physically located, how much it is, how it is
organized, etc.
2. Orchestration: Should be able to control and manage
thousands of devices with one command.
3. Programmable: Should be able to change behavior on the fly.
4. Dynamic Scaling: Should be able to change size, quantity
5. Automation: To lower OpEx minimize manual involvement
➢ Troubleshooting
➢ Reduce downtime
➢ Policy enforcement
➢ Provisioning/Re-provisioning/Segmentation of resources
➢ Add new workloads, sites, devices, and resources

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Why SDN?

6. Visibility: Monitor resources, connectivity

7. Performance: Optimize network device utilization
➢ Traffic engineering/Bandwidth management
➢ Capacity optimization
➢ Load balancing
➢ High utilization
➢ Fast failure handling
8. Multi-tenancy: Tenants need complete control over their
addresses, topology, and routing, security
9. Service Integration: Load balancers, firewalls, Intrusion
Detection Systems (IDS), provisioned on demand and placed
appropriately on the traffic path

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Dr. Dinh Thi Thai Mai – VNU - UET
 Why SDN?

10. Openness: Full choice of “How” mechanisms

 Modular plug-ins
 Abstraction:
➢ Abstract = Summary = Essence = General Idea
 Hide the details.
➢ Also, abstract is opposite of concrete
 Define tasks by APIs and not by how it should be
done.
E.g., send from A to B. Not OSPF.
Ref: Open Data Center Alliance Usage Model: Software Defined Networking Rev 1.0,”
http://www.opendatacenteralliance.org/docs/Software_Defined_Networking_Master_

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 SDN Definition

SDN is a framework to allow network administrators

to automatically and dynamically manage and control
a large number of network devices, services,
topology, traffic paths, and packet handling (quality of
service) policies using high-level languages and APIs.
Management includes provisioning, operating,
monitoring, optimizing, and managing FCAPS (faults,
configuration, accounting, performance, and security)
in a multi-tenant environments.

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SDN Architecture

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The End
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