Unit-2
Ques 1: What is an Operator? Explain all the types of operators with example used in C.
Ans: Operators: An operator is a special symbol which is used to perform some specific operation.
Types of operators:
C OPERATORS
UNARY OPERATORS BINARY OPERATORS TERNARY OPERATORS
Unary operators: An operator that acts upon one operand.
Example: Unary minus, Increment operator, Decrement operator etc.
Binary operators: An operator that acts upon two operands. It has following types-
BINARY OPERATORS
ARITHMETIC LOGICAL RELATIONAL BITWISE
OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS OPERATORS
Binary Operator Types of operator Example
void main( )
Addition (+) {
Subtraction (-) int a=5, b=3, c;
Arithmetic Multiplication (*) c = a % b;
Division (/) printf(“%d”, c);
Remainder (%) }
void main( )
{
Less than (<) int a=5, b=3;
Less than or equal to (<=) if(a > b)
Relational Greater than (>) printf(“a is greater”);
Greater than or equal to (>=) else
Equal to (==) printf(“b is greater”);
Not equal to (!=) }
1
void main( )
{
int a=5, b=3, c=7;
Logical AND (&&) if(a>=b && a<=7)
Logical Logical OR (||) printf(“a is between 5 and 7”);
Logical NOT (!) else
printf(“a is not between 5
and7”);
}
Bitwise AND A= 1010
B= 1100
-------------
A&B= 1000
Bitwise OR A= 1010
B= 1100
-------------
A|B= 1110
Bitwise XOR A= 1010
Bitwise AND (&) B= 1100
Bitwise OR (|) -------------
Bitwise Bitwise XOR (^) A^B= 0110
Bitwise compliment (~)
Bitwise left shift (<<) Bitwise compliment
Bitwise right shift (>>) A= 1010
------------
~A= 0101
Bitwise left shift
A= 0101
---------------
A<<1= 1010
Bitwise right shift
A= 0101
--------------
A>>1= 0010
2
Ternary operator: An operator that acts upon three operands.
Example: Conditional operator
Conditional operator (? :) : The syntax of conditional operator is as follows-
Expression1 ? Expression2 : Expression3
Example: void main( )
{
int a, b, c;
printf(“Enter the value of a and b”);
scanf(“%d %d”, &a, &b);
c = (a>b) ? a : b;
printf(“\nGreater number is= %d”, c);
}
Assignment operators: Assignment operators are used to assign the result of an expression to a
variable. It has a simple form
Variable = Expression;
In addition, C has a set of ‘shorthand’ assignment operators of the form
V Op = Exp;
It is equivalent to V = V Op Exp;
Where, V is variable, Op is Operator, and Exp is Expression.
Example: (1) a+=1 => a=a+1
(2) a-=1 => a=a-1
(3) a * = (n + 1) => a = a * (n + 1)
(4) a/=2 => a=a/2
(5) a%=3 => a=a%3
Increment and decrement operators: C provides two very useful operators.
Increment operator ++
Decrement operator --
Both the operators are used in two ways:
Prefix operator : ++ variable or - - variable
Postfix operator : variable ++ or variable - -
The operator ++ add 1 to the operand, while - - subtracts 1.
++a or a++ => a=a+1
- -a or a- - => a=a-1
3
Example: void main()
{
int a, b, x;
a = 5;
x = ++a;
printf(“%d”, x);
b = 5;
x = b++;
printf(“%d”, x);
}
Output: 6 5
Ques 2: Define operator precedence and associativity.
Ans: Precedence: There are many types of operators. Each operator has a priority, that is known as
precedence of operators.
Precedence or Hierarchy of Operators:
Operators Type
() Parenthesis
++, --, !, ~ etc Unary operators
*, /, % Arithmetic and modulus
+, - Arithmetic
= Assignment
Associativity:
If there is an expression in which more than one operator of same precedence are available, than
the expression is evaluated by associativity rules.
1. Left to Right associativity
2. Right to Left associativity
Example:
r=a+b-c*d;
if (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4)
r=a+b–3*4
r = a + b – 12
r = 1 + 2 – 12
r = 3 – 12
r=–9
