Basic Mathematics and Logarithm

Single Correct Type Questions 6. The number of integral solutions x of

2
1. Let a, b, c and d be positive real numbers such that a + b  x−7  [11 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
log  7   ≥ 0 is
+ c + d = 11. If the maximum value of a5b3c2d is 3750b,  x+   2x − 3 
 2
then the value of b is [11 April, 2023 (Shift-II)] (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7
(a) 90 (b) 110 (c) 55 (d) 108  π
7. If for x ∈  0,  log10 sin x + log10 cos x = –1 and
 2
{
2. Let A = x ∈  :  x + 3 ]+[ x + 4  ≤ 3 } 1
log10(sin x + cos= x) (log10 n − 1), n > 0 , then the value
2
 x 3 
x −3

−3 x  of n is equal to : [16th March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
 x  : 3  ∑ r =1 r  < 3  , where [t] denotes
∞
B =∈
  10   (a) 16 (b) 12
greatest integer function. Then,
(c) 9 (d) 20
 [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)] 8. The inverse of y = 5log x is: [17 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(a) A ∩ B = φ 1

(a) x = ylog 25 (b) x = y log5

(b) A = B
1
(c) B ⊂ C, A ≠ B (c) x = 5log y (d) x = 5 log y
(d) A ⊂ B, A ≠ B 9. The sum of the roots of the equation,
3. The integer ‘k’. for which the inequality x – 2(3k – 1) x
2 [31 Aug, 2021 (Shift-II)
+ 8k2 – 7 > 0 is valid for every x in R is: ( ) (
x + 1 - 2log 2 3 + 2 x + 2log 4 10 - 2 - x = 0 , is:
)
 [25 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (a) log2 12 (b) log2 13
(c) 4 (d) 0 (c) log2 11 (d) log2 14
4. If {p} denotes the fractional part of the number p, then Integer Type Questions
 3200  10. Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers such that
  , is equal to: [6 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]
 8  (2a)logea = (bc)logeb and bloge2 = alogec . Then 6a + 5bc is equal
to ________. [10 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
5 1 7 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 11. If the sum of all the roots of the equation e2x – 11ex – 45e–x
8 8 8 8 81
5. The number of real roots of the equation 5 + |2x – 1| = 2x + = 0 is loge p, then p is equal to _________ .
2
(2x – 2) is [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)] [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1 12. The number of solutions of the equation log4(x – 1) =
log2 (x – 3) is [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]

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 equal to _________ [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
13. If 3(cos 2 x) =
( 3 − 1) cos x + 1 , the number of solutions
 x
\ b2 + b – a2 = 4 – 1 = 3
of the given equation when x ∈ 0,  is
 2
[26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]
18. If a + b + c = 1, ab + bc + ca = 2 and abc = 3, then the
14. The number of solutions of the equation log(x+1) (2x2 + 7x
+ 5) + log(2x+5) (x+1)2 – 4 = 0, x > 0, is. value of a4 + b4 + c4 is equal to....
 [20 July 2021 (Shift-II)]  [25 July, 2021 (Shift-II)]

15. The number of distinct solutions of the equation, 19. The missing value in the following figure is
log1/2|sin x| = 2 – log1/2 |cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is  [18 Mar, 2021 (Shift-I)]
__________ [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]

16. Let m be the minimum possible value of log3 (3y1 + 3y2 + 2 3

3y3), where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers for which y1 + y2 +
y3 = 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3x1 + 1 5
log3x2 + log3x3), where x1, x2, x3 are positive real numbers 1 ?
for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2 (m3) + 4
24 6
3
log3(M2) is _____. [JEE Adv 2020] 12 4
17. Let the point (p, p + 1) lie inside the region
8 7
=E { 2
}
( x, y ) : 3 − x ≤ y ≤ 9 − x ,0 ≤ x ≤ 3 .If the set of
all values of p is the interval (a, b). then b2 + b – a2 is Use the logic which gives answer in single digit. (2021)

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 ANSWER KEY

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c)

10. Bonus 11. [45] 12. [1] 13. [1] 14. [2] 15. [8] 16. [8] 17. [3] 18. [13]
19. [4]

EXPLANATIONS
1. (a) a + b + c + d = 11 3. ((a) For x2 – 2(3k – 1)x + 8k2 – 7 > 0
a a a a a b b b c c D<0
11
⇒ + + + + + + + + + +d =
5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 2 2 (–2(3k –1))2 – 4.1. (8k2 – 7) < 0
a b c 4(9k2 + 1 – 6k) – 4(8k2 – 7) < 0
5 +3 + 2  + d
 5   3 
1/11
2  a 5b3 c 2 d  k2 – 6k + 8 < 0
≥ 5 3 2 
11  532  (k – 2) (k – 4) < 0
k∈ (2, 4)
1/11
 a 5b3 c 2 d  Integer value of k = 3

1≥  5 3 2 
 532  3200 1 100 1
4. (b) = (9 =) (1 + 8)100

a5b3c2d2 ≤ 337500. Hence, b = 90 8 8 8

2. (b) A = {x∈R:[x + 3] + [x + 4] ≤ 3} 1  3200   1  1

= + Integer ∴  = + integer  =
8  8  8  8
[x] + 3+[x]+ 4 ≤ 3
5. (d) 2x = t > 0
2[x] ≤ – 4
5 + |t – 1| = t (t – 2)
[x] ≤ – 2 ⇒ x < – 1 ⇒ x∈(∞ –1)...(i)
when t ≥ 1

x −3
x 
∞
3   ⇒ 5 + t – 1 = t2 – 2t
B= x ∈ R : 3  ∑ r  < 3−3 x 
  r =1 10   ⇒ t2 – 3t – 4 = 0
⇒ (t – 4) (t + 1) = 0
x −3
 1  ⇒t=4
 3 ⋅ 10 

⇒ 3 
x
 < 3−3 x Now t < 1
1− 1  5 – t + 1 = t2 – 2t
 10 
⇒ t2 – t – 6 = 0 ⇒ (t – 3) (t + 2) = 0, No solution
x −3
1 Hence, 2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2

⇒   < 3 −5 x + 3
9 2
 x−7 
6. (a) log  7   ≥0

⇒ 36–2x < 33–5x  x+   2x − 3 
 2 

⇒ 6 – 2x < 3 – 5x 7 7
Feasible region : x + >0⇒ x>−

⇒ – 3x > 3 2 2

⇒ x < –1  ...(ii) 7 5
And x + ≠1⇒ x ≠ −
From equ (i) & eqn (ii), we get 2 2
Hence, A = B

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 x−7 n
And ≠ 0 and 2x – 3 ≠ 0 log10 (sin x + cos x)2 = log10  
2x − 3  10 
⇓ ⇓ n
sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x =
3 10
x≠7 x≠
2 1 n

1+ 2 ⋅ = ⇒ n = 12
10 10
 −7   5 3 
Taking intersection : x ∈  , ∞  − − , , 7 
 2   2 2  8. (a, c) Given, y = 5log x ⇒ log5 y = log x
Now loga b ≥ 0 if a > 1 this implies b ≥ 1 1
log y log 10
log5
Or =x 10
= 5 y= 5 y
a ∈ (0, 1) this implies b ∈ (0, 1) 1

2 y f −1 ( x),=
⇒= y x log5
x y log5
⇒=
7  x−7 
Case-I: x + > 1 and   ≥1
2  2x − 3 
( )
9. (c) x + 1 - 2log 2 3 + 2 x + 2log 4 10 - 2 - x = 0 ( )
5
x > − and (2 x − 3) 2 − ( x − 7) 2 ≤ 0  
2 x
 10.2 − 1 
⇒ x + 1 + log 2 
− x =0
x 2
⇒ (2x – 3 + x – 7)(2x – 3 – x + 7) ≤ 0
⇒ (3x – 10)(x + 4) ≤ 0
 3 + 2  ( )
 10   x

⇒ x ∈  −4,   10.2 − 1 
 3 ⇒ 1 + log 2 
0
=
x 2
 −5 10 
 3 + 2  ( )
Intersection : x ∈  , 
 2 3 10.2 x - 1 1

⇒ =
7  x−7 
Case-II: x + ∈ ( 0,1) and   ≤1
2
( ) + 6.2
9+ 2 x 2 x 2
2  2x − 3 
7  x−7 
2

( ) - 14.2 +11 = 0
⇒ 2 x 2 x

0 < x + < 1 and   ≤1

2  2x − 3  Let 2x = y
y2 – 14y + 11 = 0
7 −5
− <x< and ( x − 7) 2 ≤ (2 x − 3) 2
2 2 152
y= 7 ±
 10  2
⇒ x ∈ ( − ∞, − 4 ) ∪  , ∞ 
 3  152 152
2 x1 = 7+
y1 = , y2 =
7− 2 x2
=
No common values of x. 2 2
Hence intersection with feasible region  152 
=x1 log 2  7 + 
 −5 10   3   2 
We get x ∈  ,  −  
 2 3  2  152 
=x2 log 2  7 − 
Integral value of x are {–2,–1,0,1,2,3}  2 

Number of integral values = 6
 152 
7. (b) log10 sin x + log10 cos x = –1 ∴ x1 +=x2 log 2  49 − 
 4 
log10 (sin x cos x) = –1
Hence, x1 + x2 = log 2 11
1
sin x cos x = 10–1 = …(i) 10. (Bonus)(2a)lna = (bc)lnb ⇒ 2a > 0, bc > 0, bln2 = alnc
10
1 lna (ln2 + lna) = lnb (lnb + lnc) and ln2.lnb = lnc.lna
Also, log10 (sin x + cos x) = (log10 n – 1)
2 Let ln 2 = a, lna = x, lnb = y, lnc = z and ay = xz

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 ∴ x(a + x) = y(y + z)
⇒ x = 2 or 5
xz But x > 3
⇒ α= (2a)ln a =(2a)0
y
So, x = 5
 xz 
∴ x + x = y ( y + z) Only one solution.
 y 
13. [1] 3 cos 2 x =
( 3 − 1) cos x + 1
⇒ x2 (z + y) = y2 (y + z)
⇒ y + z = 0 or x2 = y2 ⇒ x = – y 3 cos 2 x − ( 3 − 1) cos x − 1 =0

⇒ bc = 1 or ab = 1 3 cos 2 x − 3 cos x + cos x − 1 =0
a =1
(I) If bc = 1 ⇒ (2a)lna = 1 3 cos x(cos x − 1) + 1(cos x − 1) =
0
a = 1/2
1 1 1 ( 3 cos x + 1)(cos x − 1) =
0
( a, b, c=)  , λ,  , λ ≠ 1, 2,
2 λ 2 −1
cos x = or 1
then 6a + 5bc = 3 + 5 = 8 3

 1 1 1 −1
(II) ( a, b, c ) =  λ, λ , 2  , λ ≠ 1, 2, 2 But cos x ≠
 π
as x ∈ 0,  , so cos x is +ve.
  3  2
In this situation infinite answer are possible So, PW cos x = 1
ans is Bonus. and official answer by NTA is 8.
 π
x = 0 in 0, 
81  2
11. [45] e2x – 11ex – 45e–x + =0
2
log ( ( 2 x + 5)( x + 1) ) log ( x + 1)
81e x 14. [2] + −4=0
⇒ (e x )3 − 11(e x ) 2 − 45 + 0
= log ( x + 1) log ( 2 x + 5)
2
Put ex = t log ( 2 x + 5) log ( x + 1)
⇒ + −3=0
⇒    2t3 – 22t2 + 81t – 90 = 0 log ( x + 1) log ( 2 x + 5)

⇒         t1t2t3 = 45
⇒ x∈ (–1, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
⇒       e x1 · e x2 · e x3 = 45 log ( 2 x + 5) 2

= t ⇒t+ –3=0

x +x +x
⇒        e 1 2 3 = 45 log ( x + 1) t

⇒     log e e x1 + x2 + x3 = log e 45 ⇒ t2 – 3t + 2 = 0 ⇒ t = 1or 2

⇒    x1 + x2 + x3 = loge 45
log ( 2 x + 5)
⇒       loge p = loge 45 1 x =−4 (not possible) and
=⇒
log ( x + 1)
  ⇒        p = 45
log ( 2 x + 5)
=2⇒ x=2
12. [1] log4(x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) log ( x + 1)

x > 1 & x > 3 ⇒ x > 3 (according to definition of log) Hence only one solution is possible.

⇒ log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) 15. [8] log1/2 |sin x| = 2 – log1/2 |cos x|
1 log1/2 |sin x cos x| = 2
log2 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
2 1 1
|sin x cos x| = , sin 2x = ±
log2 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)2 4 2

⇒ (x – 1) = (x – 3)2 1

⇒ x + 9 – 6x = x – 1
2 2
1  2

⇒ x2 – 7x + 10 = 0 
2

⇒ (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0
Number of solution = 8

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 1
3 y1 + 3 y2 + 3 y3  ( y1 + y2 + y3 )  3  −1 − 17 −1 + 17 
16. [8] ≥ 3 ⇒ p ∈  ,  ...(ii)
3  2 2
 
⇒ 3 y1 + 3 y2 + 3 y3 ≥ 34
From eqn (i) ∩ eqn (ii), we get
(
⇒ log 3 3 y1 + 3 y2 + 3 y3 ≥ 4
)  17 − 1 
p ∈ 1,  ≡ ( a, b )
⇒m=4  2 

x +x +x
Also, 1 2 3 ≥ 3 x1 x2 x3 18. [13] Given, a + b + c = 1, ab + bc + ca = 2  ... (i)
3
and abc = 3
⇒ x1 x2 x3 ≤ 27
a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 – 2(ab + bc + ca)
⇒ log3 x1+ log3 x2 + log3 x3 ≤ 3
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 – 2(2) = –3 ... (ii)
⇒M=3
Squaring of eq. (i)
Thus, log2(m3) + log3(M2) = 6 + 2
a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 = (ab + bc + ca)2 – 2abc(a + b + c)
= 8
= 22 – 2 × 3 × 1 = – 2
17. [3] 3 – x ≤ y ≤ 9 − x 2 ;0 ≤ x ≤ 3 Squaring of equation (ii)
a4 + b4 + c4 + 2a2b2 + 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 = 9
A: (p, p + 1)
L: x + y = 3 a4 + b4 + c4 = 9 + 4 = 13.
S :=
y 9 − x2
19. [4] x = (2 – 1)1! = 1
w = (12 – 8)4! = 424
y z = (7 – 4)3! = 36
Hence y = (5 – 3)2! = 22 = 4

L(A) > 0 ⇒ p + p + 1 – 3 > 0 ⇒ p > 1 ...(i)
S ( A) < 0 ⇒ p + 1 − 9 − p < 0 2
2 3

⇒ p + 1 < 9 − p2 1 5
x y
⇒ p2 + 2 p + 1 < 9 − p2
w z
12 4
⇒ 2 p2 + 2 p − 8 < 0

8 7
⇒ p2 + p − 4 < 0

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