Determinants M-277

19
Determinants
Minor & Co-factor of an Element of a 5. The sum of the real roots of the equation
Determinant, Value of a Determinant,
TOPIC Ć Property of Determinant of Matrices, x -6 -1
Singular & Non-Singular Matrices, 2 -3x x - 3 = 0, is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
Multiplication of two Determinants -3 2 x x+2
(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –4
p cos q sin q ù
1. Let q = and A = é - sin q 4
cos qûú . If B = A + A ,
5 êë
é2 b 1ù
then det (B): [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] ê ú
(a) is one (b) lies in (2, 3) 6. Let A = ê b b + 1 b ú where b > 0. Then the minimum
2

(c) is ero (d) lies in (1, 2) ê1 b 2úû

ë
x - 2 2x - 3 3x - 4
2. If D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4 x - 5 = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D, det (A)
value of is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 b
then B + C is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(a) 2 3 (n) - 2 3 (c) - 3 (d) 3
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) –3 (d) 9
3. Let a – 2b + c = 1. x - 4 2x 2x
x+a x + 2 x +1 7. If 2x x - 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x - A) 2 , then the
If f(x) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 2x 2x x -4
x+c x+ 4 x+3
ordered pair (A, B) is equal to : [2018]
(a) f (–50) = 501 (b) f (–50) = –1 (a) (– 4, 3) (b) (– 4, 5)
(c) (4, 5) (d) (– 4, – 5)
(c) f (50) = –501 (d) f (50) = 1
x sin q cos q ì 0 cos x - sin x ü
ï ï
If S = í x Î [ 0, 2p] : sin x cos x = 0 ý , then
If D1 = - sin q - x 1 and 8. 0
4.
cos q 1 x ï cos x sin x 0 ï
î þ
x sin 2q cos 2q
æp ö
D 2 = - sin 2q -x 1 ,x ¹ 0 ; å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
cos 2q 1 x xÎS
æ pö (a) 4 + 2 3 (b) -2 + 3
then for all qÎ ç 0, ÷ : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
è 2ø (c) -2 - 3 (d) -4 - 2 3
(a) D1 - D 2 = -2x3
é -4 -1ù
(b) D1 - D 2 = x (cos 2q - cos 4q) 9. If A = ê3 1 ú , then the determinant of the matrix
ë û
(c) D1 ´ D 2 = - 2( x3 + x - 1)
(A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014) is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(d) D1 + D2 = -2x3 (a) –175 (b) 2014 (c) 2016 (d) –25

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 EBD_8344
M-278 Mathematics

16. Statement - 1: [2011RS]

x2 + x x +1 x–2 Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 is ero.
if 2 x + 3x –1
2 Statement - 2 :
10. 3x 3x – 3 = ax –12, then ‘a’ is
x + 2x + 3
2
2 x –1 2 x –1 For any matrix A, det (A)T= det (A) and det (– A) = – det (A).
Where det (B) denotes the determinant of matrix B. Then :
equal to : [Online April 11, 2015] (a) Both statements are true
(a) 24 (b) –12 (c) –24 (d) 12 (b) Both statements are false
11. The least value of the product xyz for which the (c) Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true
x 1 1 (d) Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false
1 y 1 17. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non- ero entries and let A2 = I ,
determinant is non-negative, is : where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. Define
1 1
Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements of A and
[Online April 10, 2015]
|A| = determinant of matrix A.
(a) -2 2 (b) –1 Statement - 1 : Tr(A) = 0.
(c) -16 2 (d) –8 Statement -2 : |A| = 1. [2010]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement-2
1 cos q 1 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
12. If f(q) = - sin q 1 - cos q and (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is false.
-1 sin q 1 (c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true .
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2
A and B are respectively the maximum and the minimum is a correct explanation for Statement -1.
values of f(q), then (A, B) is equal to: 18. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let I be the 2 × 2
[Online April 12, 2014] identity matrix. Denote by tr(A), the sum of diagonal entries
of a. Assume that A2 = I.
( 4, 2 - 2 )
[2008]
(a) (3, – 1) (b)
Statement-1 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then det (A) = –1
Statement-2 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then tr (A) ¹ 0.
(c) (2 + 2, 2 - 2 ) (d) (2 + 2, -1 ) (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
13. If B is a 3 × 3 matrix such that B 2 = 0, then (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
det. [(I + B)50 – 50B] is equal to: [Online April 9, 2014] is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 50 (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
ìæ a a ö ü
14. Let S = íç 11 12 ÷ : aij Î{0,1, 2}, a11 = a22 ý (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
îè a21 a22 ø þ
5 5a a
Then the number of non-singular matrices in the set S is : 19.
2
Let A = 0 a 5a . If A = 25 , then a equals [2007]
[Online April 25, 2013] 0 0 5
(a) 27 (b) 24
(a) 1/5 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 20
(c) 52 (d) 1
15. Let A, other than I or – I, be a 2 × 2 real matrix such that
A2 = I, I being the unit matrix. Let Tr (A) be the sum of 20. If 1, w, w 2 are the cube roots of unity, then
diagonal elements of A. [Online April 23, 2013]
Statement-1: Tr (A) = 0 1 wn w 2n
Statement-2: det (A) = – 1 D = wn w2n 1 is equal to [2003]
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. 2n n
w 1 w
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (a) w 2 (b) 0
is a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) 1 (d) w
(d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.

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Determinants M-279

27. Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an A.P. and

Properties of Determinants,
TOPIC n Area of a Triangle é1 1 1ù
ê2 b cú
21. If the minimum and the maximum values of the function A= ê 2 ú . If det(A)?[2, 16], then c lies in the
ë4 b c2 û
ép pù
f : ê , ú ® R , defined by interval : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
ë4 2û
(a) [2, 3) (b) (2 + 23/4, 4)
- sin 2 q -1 - sin 2 q 1 (c) [4, 6] (d) [3, 2 + 23/4]
f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 - cos 2 q 1 are m and M respec-
12 10 -2 é 1 sin q 1 ù
If A = ê - sin q ú æ 3p 5p ö
tively, then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to : 28.
ê 1 sin qú ; then for all qÎ ç , ÷,
è 4 4 ø
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] êë -1 - sin q 1 úû
(a) (0, 2 2 ) (b) (– 4, 0 )
(c) (– 4, 4) (d) (0, 4) det (A) lies in the interval : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
22. If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non- ero
æ 5ù é5 ö æ 3ù æ3 ù
x a+ y x+a (a) ç 1, ú (b) ê , 4 ÷ (c) ç 0, ú (d) ç ,3ú
è 2û ë2 ø è 2û è2 û
distinct real numbers, then y b + y y + b is equal to :
z c+ y z+c a–b–c 2a 2a
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 2b b–c–a 2b
29. If
(a) y (b – a) (b) y (a – b) 2c 2c c–a–b
(c) 0 (d) y (a – c)
23. Let two points be A(l, – 1) and B(0, 2). If a point P(x¢, y¢) be = (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c)2, x ¹ 0 and a + b + c ¹ 0, then x
is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
such that the area of DPAB = 5 sq. units and it lies on the
(a) abc (b) – (a + b +c)
line, 3x + y – 4l = 0, then a value of l is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(c) 2 (a + b +c) (d) – 2 (a + b +c)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) –3 30. Let dÎR, and
24. Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 ´ 3 real matrices such that
é- 2 4+d (sin q) -2 ù
bij = (3)(i + j – 2) aij, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the determinant of B ê ú
1 (sin q) + 2
A= ê ú,
d
is 81, then the determinant of A is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
ê 5 (2 sin q) - d (- sin q) + 2 + 2d ú
(a) 1/3 (b) 3 (c) 1/81 (d) 1/9 ë û
25. A value of q Î (0, p/3), for which q Î [0, 2p]. If the minimum value of det (A) is 8, then a
value of d is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
1 + cos 2 q sin 2 q 4 cos 6q
(a) – 5 (b) – 7
cos q 1 + sin 2 q
2
4 cos 6q
= 0, is :
cos 2 q sin 2 q 1 + 4cos 6q (c) 2 ( 2 +1 ) (d) 2 ( 2 +2 )
[April 12, 2019 (II)] 31. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1, 2, ..., 10 and
p p 7p 7p S be the set of pairs (r, k), r, kÎN (the set of natural num-
(a) (b) (c) (d) bers) for which
9 18 24 36
26. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Then
log e a1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a k4
y +1 a b log e a r4 a 5k log e a 5r a 6k log e a 6r a 7k = 0
a y+b 1 log e a r7 a 8k log e a 8r a 9k log e a 9r a10
k
for y �벜 0 in R, is equal to:
b 1 y+a
Then the number of elements in S, is : [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
[April 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) 4 (b) infinitely many
(a) y(y2 – 1) 2
(b) y(y – 3)
(c) 2 (d) 10
(c) y3 (d) y3 – 1

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 EBD_8344
M-280 Mathematics

32. If (a) depends only on a

(b) depends only on n
éet e - t cos t e - t sin t ù
ê t ú (c) depends both on a and n
A = êe -e - t cos t - e- t sin t -e - t sin t + e - t cos t ú (d) is independent of both a and n
ê t ú
êë e 2e- t sin t -2e- t cos t úû
38. If

then A is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

(a) invertible for all tÎR.
(a + l ) ( b + l) (c + l )
2 2 2
= kl a b c ,l ¹ 0
(b) invertible only if t = p.
(c) not invertible for any tÎR. ( a - l )2 ( b - l)2 ( c - l )2 1 1 1

p then k is equal to: [Online April 12, 2014]

(d) invertible only if t = . (a) 4labc (b) – 4labc (c) 4l2 (d) – 4l2
2
39. If a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, then the value of
33. Let k be an integer such that triangle with vertices
(k, –3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the a b c
orthocentre of this triangle is at the point : [2017] b c a is : [Online April 9, 2013]
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 3ö æ 3ö c a b
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) ç 2, - ÷ (c) ç1, ÷ (d) ç1, - ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 4ø è 4ø
(a) non - negative (b) negative
34. Let w be a complex number such that 2w + 1 = where =
(c) positive (d) non-positive
1 1 1 40. If a, b, c, are non ero complex numbers satisfying
2 2 a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 and
-3 . If 1 -w - 1 w = 3k, then k is equal to :
1 w2 w7 b2 + c 2 ab ac
[2017] 2 2
(a) 1 (b) – (c) (d) –1 ab c +a bc = ka2b2c2, then k is equal to
35. The number of distinct real roots of the equaiton, ac bc a 2 + b2
cos x sin x sin x
[Online May 19, 2012]
é p pù
= 0 in the interval ê - , ú is :
sin x cos x sin x (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
sin x sin x cos x ë 4 4û
-2a a+b a+c
If b + a -2b b + c = a ( a + b)( b + c)( c + a ) ¹ 0
[Online April 9, 2016]
41.
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
c + a b + c -2c
36. If a, b ¹ 0, and f ( n ) = a n + b n and
then a is equal to [Online May 12, 2012]
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) (a) a + b + c (b) abc
1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) = K (1 - a ) (1 - b ) ( a - b) (c) 4 (d) 1
2 2 2
,
1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) 1 + f ( 4 ) 42. The area of the triangle whose vertices are complex numbers
z, iz, z + iz in the Argand diagram is [Online May 12, 2012]
then K is equal to: [2014] (a) 2|z|2 (b) 1/2|z|2 (c) 4|z|2 (d) |z|2
1 43. The area of triangle formed by the lines oining the vertex
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) ab (d) of the parabola, x2 = 8y, to the extremities of its latus rectum
ab is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 4
44. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c) ¹ 0 if [2009]
r 2r - 1 3r - 2
n a a + 1 a –1 a +1 b +1 c –1
37. If D r = n -1 a
2 –b b + 1 b –1 a –1 b -1 c + 1 = 0,
+
1 1 c –1 c + 1 n+2 n +1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)2 (n - 1)(3n - 4) c (-1) a (-1) b ( -1) n c
2 2
then the value of n is :
n -1 (a) any even integer (b) any odd integer
then the value of å Dr [Online April 19, 2014] (c) any integer (d) ero
r =1

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Determinants M-281

1 1 1 Adjoint of a Matrix, Inverse of a

45. If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0 , then D is TOPIC Đ Matrix, Some Special Cases of
Matrix, Rank of a Matrix
1 1 1+ y
(a) divisible by x but not y [2007] é 2 -1 1 ù
(b) divisible by y but not x = ê -1 0 2 úú
(c) divisible by neither x nor y 51. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that ad A ê and
êë 1 -2 -1úû
(d) divisible by both x and y
46. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ............, an , ...... are in G. P., then the B = ad(ad A). If | A |= l and | ( B-1 )T |= m, then the ordered
determinant pair, (| l |, m) is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
log an log an + 1 log an + 2 æ 1ö æ 1ö
(a) ç 3, ÷ (b) ç 9, ÷
D = log an + 3 log an + 4 log an + 5 è 81 ø è 9ø
log an + 6 log an + 7 log an + 8 æ 1ö
(c) (3, 81) (d) ç 9, ÷
is equal to [2005] è 81 ø
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 2
é1 1 2ù
2 2 2 ê ú
47. If a + b + c = – 2 and [2005] 52. If the matrices A = ê1 3 4ú , B = ad A
êë1 -1 3úû
1 + a2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2 ad B
f (x) = (1 + a ) x 1 + b x (1 + c ) x , and C = 3A, then is equal to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
C
(1 + a2 ) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 72 (d) 2
then f (x) is a polynomial of degree é 5 2a 1 ù
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2 ê ú
53. If B = ê 0 2 1 ú is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix A, then
48. If a1, a2 , a3 ,......, an ,.... are in G.P., then the value of the ë a 3 -1û
determinant [2004] the sum of all values of a for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
, is
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8 é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 n – 1ù é1 78 ù
54. If ê 0 1ú × ê0 1 ú × ê 0 1 ú ............ ê 0 =
1 úû êë0 1 úû
,
ë û ë û ë û ë
(a) –2 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0 é1 n ù
If a > 0 and discriminant of ax2+2bx+c is –ve, then     � 矄 ᨨ ê 0 1 ú �矄
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
49. ë û
a b ax + b
é 1 0ù é1 -13ù
b bx + c is equal to
c [2002] (a) ê12 1 ú
ë û
(b) ê ú
ë0 1 û
ax + b bx + c 0
é1 -12 ù é 1 0ù
(a) +ve (b) (ac-b2)(ax2+2bx+c) (c) ê0 1 ú (d) ê13 1 ú
ë û ë û
(c) –ve (d) 0
50. l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G. P. all positive, 55. Let A and B be two invertible matrices of order 3 × 3. If
det (ABAT) = 8 and det (AB–1) = 8, then det (BA–1 BT) is
log l p 1 equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
then log m q 1 equals [2002]
1
log n r 1 (a) (b) 1
4
(a) –1 (b) 2
1
(c) 1 (d) 0 (c) (d) 16
16

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 EBD_8344
M-282 Mathematics

Then :
écos q - sin qù (a) Both the statements are true.
56. If A = ê ú , then the matrix A–50 when
ë sin q cos q û (b) Both the statements are false.
(c) Statement–I is true, but Statement-II is false.
p
q= , is equal to: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] (d) Statement I is false, but Statement-II is true.
12 63. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |5.adA| = 5, then |A| is
é 1 3ù é 3 1ù equal to : [Online April 11, 2015]
ê - ú ê - ú
2 2 ú 2 2ú 1 1
ê ê (a) ± (b) ± (c) ±1 (d) ±5
(a) ê 3 1 ú (b) ê 1 3ú 5 25
ê ú ê ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û 64. If A is an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA' = A'A and
é 3 B = A–1A', then BB' equals: [2014]
1 ù é 1 3ù
ê ú ê ú
ê 2 2 ú ê 2 2 ú (a) B –1 (b) ( B )¢
-1
(c) I + B (d) I
(c) ê 1 3ú (d) ê 3 1 ú
ê- ú ê- ú 65. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û
é 1 2 3ù é 0 0 1 ù
é1 2ù
57. Let A be a matrix such that A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and A êê0 2 3úú = êê1 0 0úú
ë 0 3û êë0 1 1úû êë0 1 0úû
|3A| = 108. Then A2 equals [Online April 15, 2018]
Then A–1 is: [Online April 11, 2014]
é 4 – 32 ù é 4 0ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë 0 36 û ë – 32 36 û é3 1 2 ù é3 2 1 ù
ê3 0 2 ú ê3 2 0 ú
é 36 0 ù é36 – 32 ù (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê
ë – 32 4 û ë0 4 úû ëê1 0 1 úû ëê1 1 0 úû
58. Suppose A is any 3 × 3 non-singular matrix and
(A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O, where I = I3 and O = O3. If aA + bA –1 = 4I, é 0 1 3ù é 1 2 3ù
ê 0 2 3ú ê0 1 1ú
then a + b is equal to [Online April 15, 2018] (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 7 êë1 1 1úû êë0 2 3úû
é 2 -3ù
59. If A = ê 2
ú , then ad (3A + 12A) is equal to : [2017] é 1 a 3ù
ë -4 1 û
66. If P = êê 1 3 3úú is the adoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and
é 72 -63ù é 72 -84 ù êë 2 4 4úû
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë -84 51 û ë -63 51 û |A| = 4, then a is equal to : [2013]
é 51 63ù é 51 84 ù (a) 4 (b) 11 (c) 5 (d) 0
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú 67. Let P and Q be 3 ´ 3 matrices P ¹ Q. If P3= Q3 and
ë84 72 û ë 63 72 û
P2Q = Q2P then determinant of (P2 + Q2) is equal to :
60. Let A be any 3 × 3 invertible matrix. Then which one of the (a) – 2 (b) 1 [2012]
following is not always true ? [Online April 8, 2017] (c) 0 (d) – 1
(a) ad (A)= |A| . A–1
æ1 0 0ö
(b) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.A
(c) ad (ad(A)) = |A|2 .(ad(A))–1 68. Let A = çç 2 1 0 ÷÷ . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such
(d) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.(ad(A))–1 ç 3 2 1÷
è ø
é5a - b ù
61. If A = ê T
ú and A ad A = A A , then 5a + b is equal to: æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷
ë3 2û that Au1 = çç 0 ÷÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷ , then u1 + u2 is equal to :
[2016] ç0÷ ç0÷
(a) 4 (b) 13 (c) –1 (d) 5 è ø è ø
62. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that A2 – 5A + 7I = 0. [2012]
-1 1 æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ1ö
Statement–I : A = (5I - A) .
7 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
(c) ç -1 ÷ (d) ç -1 ÷
1
Statement II : the polynomial A3 – 2A2 – 3A + a can be (a) ç 1 ÷ (b) ç ÷
ç0÷ ç -1 ÷ ç0÷ ç -1 ÷
reduced to 5 (A – 4I). [Online April 10, 2016] è ø è ø è ø è ø

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Determinants M-283

2
é0 0 a ù 74. If A – A + I = 0 , then the inverse of A is [2005]
69. If AT denotes the transpose of the matrix A = ê0 b c ú , (a) A + I (b) A (c) A – I (d) I – A
ê ú
ëêd e f úû
æ 1 -1 1 ö æ 4 2 2ö
where a, b, c, d, e and f are integers such that abd ¹ 0, then 75. ç ÷
Let A = 2 1 -3 . and B = ç -5 0 a ÷ . If B is the
the number of such matrices for which A–1 = AT is ç ÷ ç ÷
è1 1 1 ø è 1 -2 3 ø
[Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 2(3!) (b) 3(2!) (c) 23 (d) 32 inverse of matrix A, then a is [2004]
éa 0 ù (a) 5 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
70. Let A and B be real matrices of the form ê ú and
ë 0 bû æ 0 0 -1ö
é0 g ù 76. Let A = ç 0 -1 0 ÷ . The only correct
ç ÷
ê d 0 ú , respectively. [Online May 12, 2012] è -1 0 0 ø
ë û
Statement 1: AB – BA is always an invertible matrix. statement about the matrix A is [2004]
Statement 2: AB – BA is never an identity matrix.
(a) A2 = I
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (b) A = (–1) I, where I is a unit matrix
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is -1
(c) A does not exist
a correct explanation of Statement 1.
(d) A is a ero matrix
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. Solution of System of Linear
71. Consider the following relation R on the set of real square TOPIC Ė Equations
matrices of order 3. [2011RS]
R = { ( A, B ) A = P BP for some invertible matrix P}
–1 77. The values of l and m for which the system of linear
equations [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
Statement-1 : R is equivalence relation.
x+y+z=2
Statement-2 : For any two invertible 3 ´ 3 matrices M and
x + 2y + 3z = 5
N, ( MN )
-1
= N -1 M -1 . x + 3y + lz = m
(a) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement- has infinitely many solutions are, respectively :
2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. (a) 6 and 8 (b) 5 and 7
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for statement-1. (c) 5 and 8 (d) 4 and 9
(c) Statement-1 is true, stement-2 is false. 78. The sum of distinct values of l for whcih the system of
(d) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. equations
72. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix
(l - 1) x + (3l + 1) y + 2lz = 0
Statement -1 : ad (ad A) = A
Statement -2 : |ad A |= |A| [2009] (l - 1) x + (4l - 2) y + (l + 3) z = 0
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 2x + (3l + 1) y + 3(l – 1) z = 0,
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
has non- ero solutions, is ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 79. Let l Î R . The system of linear equations
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true. 2 x1 - 4 x2 + lx3 = 1 [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
73. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers. x1 - 6 x2 + x3 = 2
Then which one of the following is true? [2008] lx1 - 10 x2 + 4 x3 = 3
(a) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are not
(a) exactly one negative value of l
necessarily integers
(b) If det A ¹ ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries are non (b) exactly one positive value of l
integers (c) every value of l
(c) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are
integers (d) exactly two value of l
(d) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 need not exists

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 EBD_8344
M-284 Mathematics

80. If the system of linear equations 85. Let S be the set of all l Î R for which the system of linear
x + y + 3z = 0 equations [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2x - y + 2z = 2
x + 3y + k2z = 0
x - 2 y + lz = -4
3x + y + 3z = 0
x + ly + z = 4
has a non- ero solution (x, y, z) for some k ÎR, then has no solution. Then the set S
æ yö (a) contains more than two elements.
x + ç ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (b) is an empty set.
è zø
(c) is a singleton.
(a) – 3 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) – 9 (d) contains exactly two elements.
81. If the system of equations x - 2 y + 3 z = 9 , 2x + y + z = b 86. Let A = {X = (x, y, z)T : PX = 0 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1},
x - 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many solutions, then
é1 2 1ù
where P = êê -2 3 -4 úú , then the set A :
a – b is equal to __________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
82. Suppose the vectors x1, x2 and x3 are the solutions of the
system of linear equations, Ax = b when the vector b on êë 1 9 -1úû
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
the right side is equal to b1, b2 and b3 respectively. If
(a) is a singleton
é1ù é 0ù é0ù é1ù é 0ù (b) is an empty set
x1 = ê1ú , x2 = ê 2ú , x3 = ê0ú , b1 = ê0ú , b2 = ê 2ú and (c) contains more than two elements
êú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú (d) contains exactly two elements
ëê1ûú êë1 ûú ëê1ûú ëê0ûú ëê 0ûú
é ù
0 87. The following system of linear equations
b3= ê0ú , then the determinant of A is equal to : 7x + 6y – 2z = 0
ê ú 3x + 4y + 2z = 0
êë 2úû
x – 2y – 6z = 0, has [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (a) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying y = 2z.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (b) no solution.
(c) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying x = 2z.
1 3
(c) (d) (d) only the trivial solution.
2 2
83. If the system of equations 88. For which of the following ordered pairs (m, d), the system
x+ y+ z = 2 of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 1
2x + 4 y - z = 6 3x + 4y + 5z = m
3x + 2 y + lz = m 4x + 4y + 4z = d
is inconsistent? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
has infinitely many solutions, then : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 6)
(a) l + 2m = 14 (b) 2l - m = 5 (c) (1, 0) (d) (3, 4)
(c) l - 2m = -5 (d) 2l + m = 14 89. The system of linear equations
84. Let S be the set of all integer solutions, (x, y, z), of the lx + 2y + 2z = 5
system of equations
2lx + 3y + 5z = 8
x - 2 y + 5z = 0
4x + ly + 6z = 10 has: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
-2 x + 4 y + z = 0
(a) no solution when l = 8
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0
(b) a unique solution when l = –8
such that 15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150. Then, the number of
elements in the set S is equal to ____________. (c) no solution when l = 2
[NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (d) infinitely many solutions when l = 2

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Determinants M-285

90. If the system of linear equations 95. The greatest value of c Î R for which the system of linear
equations
2x + 2ay + az = 0 x – cy – cz = 0; cx – y + cz = 0; cx + cy – z = 0
2x + 3by + bz = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
1
2x + 4cy + cz = 0, (a) –1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 0
2
where a, b, c ÎR are non- ero and distinct; has a non- ero 96. If the system of linear equations
solution, then: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] x – 2y + kz = 1
2x + y + z = 2
1 1 1 3x – y – kz = 3
(a) , , are in A.P..
a b c has a solution (x, y, z), z ¹ 0, then (x, y) lies on the straight
(b) a, b, c are in G.P. line whose equation is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 (b) 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0
(c) 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0
(d) a, b, c are in A.P. 97. An ordered pair (a, b) for which the system of linear
equations
91. If the system of linear equations,
(1 +a) x + by + = 2
x+y+z=6 ax + (1 + b)y + = 3
ax + by + 2 = 2
x + 2y + 3z = 10
has a unique solution, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
3x + 2y + lz = m (a) (2, 4) (b) (–3, 1)
(c) (–4, 2) (d) (1, – 3)
has more than two solutions, then m – l2 is equal to
98. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
_________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] equations
92. If the system of linear equations x – 2y – 2 = lx
x + y+ = 5 x + 2y + = ly
–x – y = l2
x + 2y + 2 = 6
has a non-trivial solution : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
x + 3y + l = m, (l, m Î R), has infinitely many solutions, (a) is a singleton
then the value of l + m is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (b) contains exactly two elements
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 10 (c) is an empty set
93. Let l be a real number for which the system of linear (d) contains more than two elements
equations: 99. If the system of linear equations
2x + 2y + 3 = a
x+y+z=6
3x – y + 5 = b
4x + ly – lz = l –2 x – 3y + 2 = c
3x + 2y – 4z = –5 where, a, b, c are non- ero real numbers, has more than one
has infinitely many solutions. Then l is a root of the solution, then : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
quadratic equation : [April 10, 2019 (II)] (a) b – c + a = 0 (b) b – c – a = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0 (d) b + c – a = 0
(a) l2 + 3l – 4 = 0 (b) l2 – 3l – 4 = 0
100. The number of values of q Î (0, p) for which the system of
(c) l2 +l – 6 = 0 (d) l2 – l – 6 = 0
linear equations
94. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z =0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and
x + 3y + 7z = 0
2x – y + z = 0 has a non-trivial solution (x, y, z), then
– x + 4y + 7z = 0
x y z
+ + + k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (II)] (sin 3q)x + (cos 2q)y + 2z = 0
y z x
has a non-trivial solution, is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3 1 1 (a) three (b) two
(a) (b) (c) - (d) –4
4 2 4 (c) four (d) one

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 EBD_8344
M-286 Mathematics

101. If the system of equations [Jan 10, 2019 (I)] (a) a singleton
x+y+z=5 (b) an empty set
x + 2y + 3z = 9 (c) an infinite set
(d) a finite set containing two or more elements
x + 3y + az = b
108. The number of real values of l for which the system of
has infinitely many solutions, then b – a equals: linear equations
(a) 21 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 5 2x + 4y – l = 0
102. If the system of linear equations 4x + ly + 2 = 0
x – 4y + 7z = g lx + 2y + 2 = 0
3y – 5z = h has infinitely many solutions, is : [Online April 8, 2017]
– 2x + 5y – 9z = k (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
is consistent, then : [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 109. The system of linear equations
(a) g + 2h + k = 0 x + ly – = 0
(b) g + h + 2k = 0 lx – y – = 0
(c) 2g + h + k = 0 x + y– l = 0
(d) g + h + k = 0 has a non-trivial solution for: [2016]
103. If the system of linear equations (a) exactly two values of l.
x + ky + 3 = 0 (b) exactly three values of l.
3x + ky – 2 = 0 (c) infinitely many values of l.
2x + 4y – 3 = 0 (d) exactly one value of l.
110. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
x
has a non- ero solution (x, y, ), then is equal to : equations : [2015]
y2
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = lx1
[2018] 2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = lx2
(a) 10 (b) – 30 (c) 30 (d) – 10 –x1 + 2x2 = lx3
104. The number of values of k for which the system of linear has a non-trivial solution,
equations, (k + 2) x + 10y = k, kx + (k + 3) y = k – 1 has no (a) contains two elements.
solution, is [Online April 16, 2018]
(b) contains more than two elements
(a) Infinitely many (b) 3
(c) is an empty set.
(c) 1 (d) 2
(d) is a singleton
105. Let S be the set of all real values of k for which the system
111. If a, b, c are non- ero real numbers and if the system of
of linear equations
equations [Online April 9, 2014]
x+y+z=2
(a – 1)x = y + ,
2x + y – z = 3
(b – 1)y = + x,
3x + 2y + kz = 4
(c – 1) = x + y,
has a unique solution. Then S is [Online April 15, 2018]
has a non-trivial solution, then ab + bc + ca equals:
(a) an empty set (b) equal to R – {0}
(a) a + b + c (b) abc
(c) equal to {0} (d) equal to R
(c) 1 (d) – 1
106. If the system of linear equations
112. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations:
x + ay + z = 3
(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
x + 2y + 2z = 6
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
x + 5y + 3z = b
has no solution, is [2013]
has no solution, then [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) infinite (b) 1
(a) a = 1, b ¹ 9 (b) a ¹ – 1, b = 9
(c) 2 (d) 3
(c) a = – 1, b = 9 (d) a = – 1, b ¹ 9
113. Consider the system of equations :
107. If S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which the
following system of linear equations [2017] x + ay = 0, y + az = 0 and z + ax = 0. Then the set of all real
values of ‘a’ for which the system has a unique solution
x + y+ = 1
is: [Online April 25, 2013]
x + ay + = 1
(a) R – {1} (b) R – { – 1}
ax + by + = 0
(c) {1, – 1} (d) {1, 0, –1}
has no solution, then S is :

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Determinants M-287

114. Statement-1: The system of linear equations 117. If the system of equations [Online May 7, 2012]
x + (sin a) y + (cos a) z = 0 x+y+z=6
x + (cos a) y + (sin a) z = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + lz = 0
x – (sin a) y – (cos a) z = 0
has a unique solution, then l is not equal to
has a non-trivial solution for only one value of a lying in
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
æ pö 118. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of
the interval ç 0, ÷ .
è 2ø equations [2011RS]

Statement-2: The equation in a x - ky + z = 0

kx + 3 y - kz = 0
cos a sin a cos a
3x + y - z = 0
sin a cos a sin a =0
cos a - sin a - cos a then the set of all values of k is :
(a) R - { 2, -3} (b) R - { 2}
æ pö
has only one solution lying in the interval ç 0, ÷ . (c) R - { -3} (d) { 2, -3}
è 2ø
119. The number of values of k for which the linear equations
[Online April 23, 2013]
4x + ky + 2z = 0 , kx + 4y + z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0 possess
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a non- ero solution is [2011]
not correct explantion for Statement-1. (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) ero (d) 3
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is 120. Consider the system of linear equations; [2010]
a correct explantion for Statement-1. x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
(d) Statememt-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
115. If the system of linear equations : The system has
(a) exactly 3 solutions
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6
(b) a unique solution
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 9
(c) no solution
2x1 + 5x2 + ax3 = b (d) infinite number of solutions
is consistent and has infinite number of solutions, then : 121. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real
[Online April 22, 2013] numbers x, y, z not all ero such that x = cy + bz, y = az + cx,
(a) a = 8, b can be any real number and z = bx + ay. Then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to
(b) b = 15, a can be any real number (a) 2 (b) –1 [2008]
(c) 0 (d) 1
(c) a Î R - {8} and b Î R - {15} 122. The system of equations
(d) a = 8, b = l5 ax+y + = a –1
116. Statement 1: If the system of equations x + ky + 3z = 0, x + a y+ = a – 1
3x + ky – 2z = 0, 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, x+ y+ a = a –1
31 has infinite solutions, if a is [2005]
then the value of k is .
2 (a) – 2 (b) either – 2 or 1
Statement 2: A system of three homogeneous equations (c) not – 2 (d) 1
in three variables has a non trivial solution if the determinant 123. If the system of linear equations [2003]
of the coefficient matrix is ero. [Online May 26, 2012] x + 2ay + az = 0 ; x + 3by + bz = 0 ;
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
x + 4cy + cz = 0 has a non - ero solution, then a, b, c.
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
a correct explanation for Statement 1. (a) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is (b) are in A.P
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. (c) are in G..P
(d) are in H.P.
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.

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 EBD_8344
M-288 Mathematics

R1 = R1 + R3 – 2R2
é cos q sin q ù
1. (d) Q A = ê ú
ë - sin q cos q û 1 0 0
Þ f ( x) = x + b x+3 x+2
é cos nq sin nq ù x+c x+4 x+3
\ An = ê ú , n ÎN
ë - sin nq cos nq û
Þ f(x) = 1 Þ f(50) = 1
\B = A+ A 4
x sin q cos q
é cos q sin q ù é cos 4q sin 4q ù - sin q -x 1
=ê (d) D1 =
ú+ê
4.
ú cos q
ë - sin q cos q û ë - sin 4q cos 4q û 1 x
= (x – x2 – 1) – sin q (– x sin q – cos q)
é p 4p p 4p ù
ê cos 5 + cos 5 sin + sin
5 5 ú
+ cos q (– sin q + x cos q)
\B = ê ú = – x3 – x + x sin2q + sin q cos q – cos q sin q + x cos2q
ê - sin p - sin 4p p
cos + cos
4p ú
êë 5 5 5 5 úû = – x3 – x + x = – x3
Similarly, D2 = – x3 Then, D1 + D2 = – 2x3
p
Then, det( B ) = 2 sin æç ö÷ ×
0 1
x -6 -1
è 5 ø -1 0 2 -3x x-3 = 0
5. (b) Given
-3 2x x+2
10 - 2 5 2.35
= » » 1.175
2 2 On expanding,
x (– 3x2 – 6x – 2x2 + 6x) – 6 (– 3x + 9 – 2x – 4)
\ det B Î (1, 2)
– (4x – 9x) = 0
x-2 2x - 3 3x - 4 Þ x (– 5x ) – 6 (– 5x + 5) – 4x + 9x = 0
2

2. (c) D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4x - 5 Þ x3 – 7x + 6 = 0
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 Q all the roots are real.
0
\ sum of real roots = =0
x-2 x -1 x -1 1
Þ D = 2x - 3 x -1 x -1 éC3 ® C3 - C2 ù
êC ® C - C ú 2 b 1
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 ë 2 2 1û
2
b b +1 b
6. (a) |A| =
x-2 x -1 x -1 1 b 2
Þ D = x -1 0 0
[ R2 ® R2 - R1 ] = 2(2b2 + 2 – b2) – b(2b – b) + 1(b2 – b2 – 1)
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 = 2b2 + 4 – b2 – 1 = b2 + 3
| A| 3
Þ D = -( x - 1)[( x - 1)(5 x - 9) - ( x - 1)(2 x - 3)] =b +
b b
Þ D = -( x - 1)[(5x 2 - 14 x + 9) - (2 x 2 - 5 x + 3)] 3 1
b+
= -3x + 12 x - 15x + 6
3 2
Q b ³ æ b 3ö 2 Þ b + 3 ³ 2 3
çè ø÷
2 b b
So, B + C = –3
| A|
x+a x+2 x +1 \ ³2 3
b
3. (d) If f ( x ) = x + b x +3 x +2
| A|
x+c x+4 x +3 Minimum value of is 2 3.
b

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Determinants M-289

Now, A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 = A2014 (A2 – 2A – I)

x -4 2x 2x
Þ |A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 | = | A2014 ||A2 – 2A –I|
7. (b) Here, 2x x-4 2x = (A+Bx) (x–A)2
2x 2x x -4 20 5
= | A|2014 -15 -5 = – 25
-4 0 0
Put x = 0 Þ 0 -4 0 = A3 Þ A3 = (-4)3 x2 + x x +1 x -2
2
0 0 -4 10. (a) Let 2x + 3x - 1 3x 3x - 3 = ax – 12
2
Þ A = -4 x + 2x + 3 2x - 1 2x - 1

x-4 2x 2x Put x = – 1 , we get

Þ 2x x-4 2x = (Bx - 4)(x + 4) 2
0 0 -3
2x 2x x-4
-2 -3 0
Now take x common from both the sides = –a – 12
2 -3 -3
Þ –3 (6 + 6) = –a – 12 Þ – 36 + 12 = a
1-
4
2x 2x Þ a = 24
x
4 4 4 x 1 1
2x 1- 2x = (B- )(1 + ) 2
\ x x x 1 y 1 ³0
11. (d)
4 1 1
2x 2x 1-
x
xy – x – y – + 2 ³ 0
xy + 2 ³ x + y + > 3 (xy )1/3
1
Now take x ® ¥ , then ®0 xy + 2 – 3(xy )1/3 ³ 0
x
ut(xy ) = t3
1 2 2 t3 – 3t + 2 ³ 0
Þ 2 1 2 =BÞ B =5 (t + 2) (t – 1)2 ³ 0
2 2 1 [t = – 2] t3 = – 8

\ ordered pair (A, B) is (–4, 5) 1 cos q 1

8. (c) Since the given determinant is equal to ero. - sin q 1 - cos q
Þ 0 (0 – cos x sin x) – cos x(0 – cos2x) – sin x 12. (c) Let f (q) =
(sin2x – 0) = 0 -1 sin q 1
Þ cos3x – sin3x = 0
Þ tan3 = 1 Þ tan x = 1 = (1 + sin q cos q) - cos q( - sin q - cos q) + 1( - sin 2 q + 1)

æp ö tan p 3 + tan x = 1 + sin q cos q + sin q cos q + cos2 q - sin 2 q + 1

\ å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø = xå
Î s 1 - tan p 3.tan x = 2 + 2sin q cos q + cos 2q
xÎ s
= 2 + sin 2q + cos 2q ...(1)
3 +1
å 1- 3
Now, maximum value of (1)
xÎ s
is 2 + 12 + 12 = 2 + 2
3 +1 1+ 3 1+ 3+ 2 3 and minimum value of (1) is
å 1- ´
3 1+ 3
Þ å -2
xÎ s xÎs 2 - 12 + 12 = 2 - 2 .
= -2 - 3 13. (a) det [(I + B)50 – 50B]

é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù = det [50C0 I + 50

C1 B + 50
C2 B2 + 50
C3 B3 + ...
9. (d) A = ê 3 1 ú Þ A2 = ê 3 1 ú ê 3 1 úû
50 50
+ C50 B B – 50B] 50
ë û ë ûë
{All terms having Bn, 2 £ n £ 50
é13 3 ù will be ero because given that B2 = 0}
= ê -9 -2 ú and |A| = 1.
ë û = det [I + 50B – 50B] = det [I] = 1

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 EBD_8344
M-290 Mathematics

14. (d) The matrices in the form

éa b ù
17. (b) Let A = ê ú where a, b, c, d ¹ 0
é a11 a12 ù ëc d û
êë a21 a22 úû , aij Î {0, 1, 2}, a11 = a12 are
éa b ù éa b ù
A2 = ê úê ú=I
é 0 0 /1/ 2ù é 1 0 /1/ 2 ù é 2 0 /1/ 2ù ëc d û ëc d û
êë 0 /1/ 2 , ,
0 úû êë0 /1/ 2 1 úû êë0 /1/ 2 2 úû éa 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ A2 = ê ú=ê
0 1 úû
ëê ac + cd bc + d ûú ë
At any place, 0/1/2 means 0, 1 or 2 will be the element at 2
that place.
Þ a 2 + bc = 1, bc + d 2 = 1
Hence there are total 27 = 3 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 3) matrices of the
above form. Out of which the matrices which are singular ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
are c ¹ 0 and b ¹ 0 Þ a + d = 0

é 0 0 / 1/ 2 ù é 0 0 ù é1 1ù é 2 2ù | A |= ad - bc = -a 2 - bc = -1
êë 0 , , ,
0 úû êë1/ 2 0 úû êë1 1úû êë 2 2úû Also if A ¹ I, then tr(A) = a + d = 0.
\ Statement-1 true and statement-2 false.
Hence there are total 7(= 3 + 2 + 1 + 1) singular matrices.
Therefore number of all non-singular matrices in the given éa b ù
18. (d) Let A = ê ú
form = 27 – 7 = 20 ëc d û

é a b ù é a b ù é1 0ù Given that A2 = I
15. (b) ê c d ú ê c d ú = ê0 1ú
ë ûë û ë û é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ ê ú=ê ú
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
ê ú=ê ú Þ a2 + bc = 1 and ab + bd =0
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
ac + cd = 0 and bc + d2 = 1
b(a + d) = 0, b = 0 or a = –d … (1) From these four equations,
c(a + d) = 0, c = 0 or a = – d … (2) a2 + bc = bc + d2 Þ a2 = d2
a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 1 … (3) and b(a + d) = 0 = c(a + d) Þ a = – d
|A| = ad – bc = –a2 – bc = –1
‘a’ and ‘d’ are diagonal elements a + d = 0
statement-1 is correct. Also if A ¹ I then tr(A) = a + d = 0
\ Statement 2 is false.
Now, det( A) =ad - bc
é 5 5a a ù
Now, from (3) a 2 + bc = 1 and d 2 + bc = 1 19. (a) Given that A = ê 0 a 5a ú and | A2 | = 25
ê ú
So, a 2 - d 2 = 0 ë0 0 5û

Adding a 2 + d 2 + 2bc = 2 é5 5a a ù é5 5a a ù
\ A2 = ê0 a 5a ú ê0 a 5a ú
Þ (a + d )2 - 2ad + 2bc = 2 ê úê ú
ë0 0 5 û ë0 0 5û
or 0 - 2(ad - bc) = 2
é 25 25a + 5a 2 5a + 25a 2 + 5a ù
So, ad - bc = 1 Þ det( A) = –1 ê ú
=ê0 a2 5a 2 + 25a ú
So, statement – 2 is also true. êë 0 0 25 úû
But statement – 2 is not the correct explanation of
statement-1. \ | A2 | = 25 (25a 2 )
16. (d) We know that determinant of skew symmetric matrix
1
of odd order is ero. \ 25 = 25 (25a 2 ) Þ | a | =
5
So, statement-1 is true.
T
( )
We know that det A = det (A).
1 wn w 2n
20. (b) D = wn w 2n 1
det (– A) = – (– 1)n det (A).
2n
where A is a n ´ n order matrix. w 1 wn
So, statement-2 is false.

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Determinants M-291

Expand through R1 25. (a) C1 ® C1 + C2

(
3n n 2n
= 1 w -1 - w w - w )
2n
(
+ w 2n w n - w 4n ) ( ) 2 sin 2 q 4cos 6q
2 1 + sin q
2
4 cos 6q = 0
= w 3n - 1 - 0 + w 3n - w 6 n
1 sin 2 q 1 + 4 cos 6q
= 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 = 0 éQ w3n = 1ù R1 ® R1 – R2 , R2 ® R2 – R3
ë û
21. (b) Applying C2 ® C2 - C1 0 -1 0
1 1 -1 =0
- sin 2 q -1 1
1 sin q (1 + 4cos 6q)
2

f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 1
12 -2 -2 On expanding, we get 2 + 4 cos 6q = 0
1 æ pö
= 4(cos2 q - sin 2 q) cos 6q = - Q qÎ ç 0, ÷ Þ 6q (0, 2p)
2 è 3ø
æ p pö
= 4 cos 2q, q Î ç , ÷ 2p 4p p 2p
è 4 2ø Therefore, 6q = or Þ q = or
3 3 9 9
Max. f (q) = M = 0 26. (c) Let a = w and b = w2 are roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0
Min. f (q) = m = -4
y +1 w w2
So, (m, M ) = ( -4, 0)
& Let D = w y + w2 1 =D
22. (b) Use properties of determinant
2
x a+ y x+a x a x+a x 1 x +a w 1 y+w
y b+ y y +b = y b y +b + y y 1 y +b
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
z c+ y z+c z c z +c z 1 z +c
x 1 x+a y + 1 + w + w2 w w2
=0+ y y- x 0 0 é R2 ® R2 - R1 , ù D = y + 1 + w + w2 y + w2 1
ê ú
z-x 0 -1 ë R3 ® R3 - R1 û
1 + w + w2 + y 1 y+w
= - y ( x - y ) = - y (b - a) = y (a - b)

0 2 1 y w w2
1
23. (b) D= 1 -1 1 = 5 D= y y + w2 1 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0)
2
x¢ y ¢ 1 y 1 y+w

Þ – 2(1 – x¢) + (y ¢ + x¢) = ± 10

Þ – 2 + 2x¢ + y¢ + x¢ = ± 10 1 w w2
Þ 3x¢ + y¢ = 12 or 3x¢ + y¢ = – 8 D = y 1 y + w2 1
\ l = 3, – 2 1 1 y+w
24. (d) It is given that |B| = 81

Applying R2 ® R2 - R1 & R3 ® R3 - R1
b11 b12 b13 30 a11 31 a12 32 a13
\ B = b21 b22 b23 = 31 a21 32 a22 33 a23 y + w2 - w 1 - w2
b31 b32 b33 2 3 4 =D y
3 a31 3 a32 3 a33 1- w y + w - w2

Þ 81 = 33 × 32 × 31 |A|
=Þ D y é y - (w - w2 )( y + (w - w2 ) - (1 - w)(1 - w2 ) ù
1
ë û
Þ 34 = 36 |A| Þ A =
9 =Þ D y é y 2 - (w - w2 )2 - 1 + w2 + w - w3 ù
ë û

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 EBD_8344
M-292 Mathematics

C1 ® C1 – C3, C2 ® C2 – C3
Þ D = y é y 2 - w2 - w4 + 2w3 - 1 + w2 + w4 - w3 ù
ë û
0 0 1
(Q w4 = w)
0 – b –c –a 2b
Þ D = y (y2) = y3 D = (a + b + c)
c +a +b c+a+b c –a –b
1 1 1
= (a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
2 b c
27. (c) Consider, | A | = Hence, x = –2(a + b + c)
4 b2 c2

C2 ® C2 - C1 , C3 ® C3 - C1 -2 4+d sin q - 2
1 sin q + 2 d
1 0 0 30. (a) det(A) =
5 2sin q - d - sin q + 2 + 2d
2 b-2 c-2
|A|=
4 (b - 2)(b + 2) (c - 2)(c + 2) Applying R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + R1 we get
= (b – 2) (c – 2) (c – b)
-2 4+d sin q - 2
\ 2, b, c are in A.P.
1 sin q + 2 d
\ (b – 2) = (c – b) = d and c – 2 = 2d det (A) =
1 0 0
Þ | A | = d.2d.d = 2d3
Q| A |Î [2,16] Þ 1 £ d 3 £ 8 Þ 1 £ d £ 2 = d(4 + d) – (sin2q – 4)
4 £ 2d + 2 £ 6 Þ 4 £ c £ 6 Þ det (A) = d2 + 4d + 4 – sin2q = (d + 2)2 – sin2q
Minimum value of det (A) is attained when sin2q = 1
1 sin q 1
\ (d + 2)2 –1 = 8 Þ (d + 2)2 = 9 Þ d + 2 = ± 3
- sin q 1 sin q
28. (d) |A| = Þ d = –5 or 1
-1 - sin q 1
31. (b) Let common ratio of G.P. be R
0 0 2 Þ a2 = a1R, a3 = a1R2, ... a10 = a1R9
- sin q 1 sin q C1 ® C1 – C2, C2 ® C2 – C3
= R1 ® R1 + R3
-1 - sin q 1
= 2(sin2q + 1) æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 1r 2k ÷ ln ç 2r 3k ÷ ln a3r a4k
æ 3p 5p ö æ 1ö è a2 a3 ø è a3 a4 ø
Since, q Î çè , ÷ø Þ sin2q Î çè 0, ÷ø
4 4 2 æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 4r 5k ÷ ln ç 5r 6k ÷ ln a6r a7k
\ det(A) Î [2, 3) è a5 a6 ø è a6 a7 ø
D=
æ3 ù a7r a8k æ ar ak ö
[2, 3) Ì çè , 3ú ln ln ç r8 k9 ÷ ln a9r a10
k
2 û
a8r a9k è a9 a10 ø
a –b–c 2a 2a
2b b–c –a 2b
29. (d) D =
2c 2c c –a –b 1 1
ln ln ln a3r a4k
Rr +k R r +k
R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 1 1
ln r + k ln r +k ln a6r a7k = 0
a +b+c a +b+c a +b+c D= R R
2b b–c–a 2b 1 1
D= ln r + k ln r +k ln a9r a10
k

2c 2c c –a –b R R

1 1 1 "r , K Î N
2b b–c–a 2b Hence, number of elements in S is infinitely many.
= (a + b + c)
2c 2c c – a –b

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Determinants M-293

32. (a) det(A) = |A|

\ æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö = –1
ç ÷ç ÷
è a + 2 øè 3 ø
et e -t cos t e -t sin t
Þ 3a + 8b = 1 ... (2)
et - e -t cos t - e- t sin t - e- t sin t + e- t cos t Solving (1) and (2), we get
=
et 2e- t sin t -2e -t cos t 1
a = 2, b =
2
1 cos t sin t æ 1ö
et × e -t × e -t 1 - cost - sint - sin t + cos t orthocentre is ç 2, ÷
= è 2ø
1 2sin t -2cos t 34. (b) Given 2w + 1 = z;
3i - 1
and = 3i Þ w =
2
0 2cos t + sin t 2sin t - cos t Þ w is complex cube root of unity
R1 ® R1 - R2
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t Applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
= R2 ® R2 + R3
1 2sin t -2cos t 3 0 0
1 -w - 1 w22
=
1 w2 w
0 -5sin t 5cos t
= 3 (–1 – w – w) = –3 (1 + 2w) = – 3
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t R1 ® R1 + 2 R2
= Þ k=–
1 2sin t -2cos t
cos x sin x sin x
= e–t[(–5 sin t)(–sin t + 3 cos t) – 5 cos t (–cos t – 3 sin t)
35. (c) sin x cos x sin x = 0
= 5e–t ¹ 0, V t Î R sin x sin x cos x
\ A is invertible.
R1 ® R1 – R2
33. (a) Let A (k, –3k), B(5, k) and C(–k + 2),
R2 ® R2 – R3
we have
k -3k 1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x = 0
5 k 1 = 28 0
2
-k 2 1 sin x sin x cos x
Þ 5k + 13k – 46 = 0
2
C2 ® C2 + C3
or 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0
cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
Now, 5k2 + 13k – 46 = 0
0 0 sin x - cos x = 0
-13 ± 1089 -23
Þ k= \ k= ;k = 2 sin x sin x cos x
10 5
since k is an integer, \ k = 2 Expanding using second row
Also 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0 2 sin x (sin x – cos x)2 = 0
sin x = 0 or sin x = cos x
-13 ± -1151 p
Þ k= x = 0 or x =
10 4
So no real solution exist 36. (a) Consider
A(2, –6), B(5, 2) and C(–2, 2)
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2)
For orthocentre H (a, b)
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3)
BH ^ AC
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4)
æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö
\ ç ÷ç ÷ = –1
è a - 5 øè -4 ø 1+1 +1 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2
Þ a – 2b = 1 ...(1) = 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a 3 + b3
Also CH ^ AB
1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a3 + b3 1 + a 4 + b4

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 EBD_8344
M-294 Mathematics

1 1 1 1 1 1 a2 b2 c2
= 1 a b ´ 1 a b 1
[Q |A| = |A |] 2 2 2 2 2 2
D = (a + l ) - (a - l ) (b + l ) - (b - l ) (c + l ) - (c - l )
2 2 2 2
1 a b 1 a b ( a - l )2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2

2
1 1 1
a b a2 b2 c2
= 1 = [(1 – a) (1 – b) (a – b)]2
= 4al 4bl 4c l
1 a2 b2
2 2
(a - l ) (b - l ) (c - l ) 2
So, K = 1
n -1
n (n - 1) (Q ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2 = 4 xy )
37. (d) å r = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (n – 1) =
2
r =1 Taking out 4 common from R2
n -1
å (2 r - 1) = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + [2 (n – 1) – 2] a2 b2 c2
r =1 al bl cl
= (n – 1)2 =4
n -1 a + l - 2al b + l - 2bl c + l 2 - 2cl
2 2 2 2 2

å (3r - 2) = 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3n – 3 – 2)
r =1 Apply R3 ® [R3 – (R1 – 2R2)]
(n - 1)(3n - 4)
= a2 b2 c2
2
= 4 al bl cl
Sr S (2 r - 1) S (3r - 2) l 2
l 2
l2
n -1
å
n
\ Dr = n -1 a Taking out l common from R2 and l2 from R3.
r =1 2
n(n - 1) ( n - 1)(3n - 4)
(n - 1)2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
2 2 2
= 4l ( l ) a b c = kl a b c
n -1
å
1 1 1 1 1 1
D r consists of (n – 1) determinants in L.H.S. and
r =1
Þ k = 4l2
in R.H.S every constituent of first row consists of
(n – 1) elements and hence it can be splitted into sum
of (n – 1) determinants. a b c a +b +c a+b+c a+b+c
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) 39. (b) b c a = b c a
(n - 1)2
2 2 c a b c a b
n -1
\ å Dr =
n
n -1 a
r =1 2 1 1 1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) = (a + b + c) b c a
(n - 1)2 c a b
2 2
=0
(Q R1 and R3 are identical) 0 0 1
= (a + b + c) b - c c-a a
n -1
c-a a -b b
Hence, value of å Dr is independent of both 'a' and 'n'.
r =1 = (a + b + c) [ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2 – c2]
= – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
a2 b2 c2
Since a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, therefore at
(a + l)2 (b + l )2 (c + l ) 2 least two of the a, b, c will be unequal.
38. (c) Let D =
\ (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 > 0
(a - l)2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2
Also a + b + c > 0
Apply R2 ® R2 – R3 \ – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] < 0

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Determinants M-295

b2 + c 2 ab ac 0 2 ( a + b) a - c
D = 2 ( a + b) 0 b-c
40. (c) Let D = ab c2 + a 2 bc
a-c b-c -2c
ac bc a + b2
2

On expanding, we get
Multiply C1 by a, C2 by b and C3 by c and hence divide by D = – 2 (a + b) {– 2c [2(a + b)] – (a – c) (b – c)}
abc.
+ (a – c) [2(a + b) (b – c)]

(
a b2 + c 2 ) ab2 ac 2 D = 8c (a + b) (a + b) + 4 (a + b) (a – c) (b – c)
= 4 (a + b) [2ac + 2bc + ab – bc – ac + c2]
=
1
abc
a 2b (
b c2 + a 2 ) bc2 = 4 (a + b) [ac + bc + ab + c2]

a2c b 2c (
c a 2 + b2 ) = 4(a + b) [c(a + c) + b (a + c)]
= 4 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Take out a, b, c common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively. = a (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Hence, a = 4
b2 + c 2 b2 c2 42. (b) Vertices of triangle in complex form is
abc z, iz, z + iz
\ D= a2 c2 + a 2 c2
abc In cartesian form vertices are
a2 b2 a 2 + b2 (x, y), (– y, x) and (x – y, x + y)

Apply C1® C1 – C2 – C3 x y 1
1
\ Area of triangle = -y x 1
0 b2 c2 2
x- y x+ y 1
D = -2c 2 c2 + a 2 c2 1
= [x (x – x – y) – y (– y – x + y) + 1 (– yx – y2 – x2 + xy)]
-2b2 b2 a2 + b2 2
1 1
= [– xy + xy – y2 – x2] = (x2 + y2)
0 b2 c2 2 2
(Q Area can not be negative)
= -2 c 2 c2 + a 2 c2
b2 b2 a2 + b2 =
1 2
2
z ( 2
Q z = x + iy , z = x 2 + y 2 )
Apply C2 – C1 and C3 – C1 43. (b) Given parabola is x2 = 8y
Þ 4a = 8 Þ a = 2
0 b2 c2
To find: Area of DABC
2
= -2 c a2 0 = – 2 [– b2 (c2a2) + c2 (– a2b2)] A = (– 2a, a) = (– 4, 2)
b2 0 a2 B = (2a, a) = (4, 2)
= 2a2b2c2 + 2a2b2c2 = 4a2b2c2 C = (0, 0)
But D = ka2b2c2 \ k = 4 A B
(– 2a, a) (2a, a)
-2a a+b a+c
41. (c) Let D = b + a -2b b + c
c + a b + c -2c
C (0, 0)
Applying C1 + C3 and C2 + C3

-a + c 2a + b + c a + c -4 2 1
1 1
2b + a + c -b + c b+c \ Area = 4 2 1 = [– 4 (2) – 2(4) + 1(0)]
D= 2 2
a-c b-c -2c 0 0 1
-16
Now, applying R1 + R3 and R2 + R3 = = -8 » 8 sq. unit (Q area cannot be negative )
2

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 EBD_8344
M-296 Mathematics

44. (b) 46. (b) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
a a +1 a -1 a +1 b +1 c -1 log an log an+1 log an+ 2
-b b + 1 b - 1 + a -1 b -1 c +1 = 0
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
c c -1 c +1 (-1) n+ 2 a ( -1)n +1 b (-1)n c log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
n +2
a a +1 a -1 a + 1 a -1 ( -1) a log a1r n -1 log a1r n log a1r n +1
n+1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + b + 1 b - 1 ( -1) b =0 = log a1r n+ 2 log a1r n +3 log a1r n + 4
c c -1 c + 1
c -1 c + 1 ( -1) n c log a1r n+ 5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n+ 7
(Taking transpose of second determinant)
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
C1 Û C3 = log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
a a + 1 a -1 ( -1)n + 2 a a -1 a + 1 Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get
n+ 2
Þ
-b b + 1 b - 1 - ( -1) ( -b) b - 1 b + 1 = 0 log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
c c -1 c +1 = log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
n+2
(-1) c c + 1 c -1 log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ]

=0
C2 Û C3
47. (d) Applying, C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
a a + 1 a -1 a a + 1 a -1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + (-1)n+ 2 -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
f (x) = 1 + (a + b + c + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2
c c -1 c +1 c c -1 c + 1
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c2 x
a a + 1 a -1
é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 [Q a2 + b2 + c2 = –2]
Þ
ë û
c c -1 c + 1 1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
C2 – C1, C3 – C1 = 1 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x

a 1 -1 1 (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c2 x
Þ é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 R + R Applying, R2 ® R2 - R1 , R3 ® R3 - R1
ë û 1 3
c -1 1
1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
a+c 0 0 \ f (x) = 0 1- x 0
Þ é1 + ( -1) n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 0 0 1- x
ë û
c -1 1
f (x) = ( x - 1)2
Þ n+2
[1+ (– 1) ](a + c) (2b + 1+ 2b – 1) = 0 Hence degree = 2.
Þ 4b (a + c) [1 + (–1)n + 2] = 0 48. (d) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
Þ 1 + (–1)n + 2 = 0 as b (a + c) ¹ 0
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
Þ n should be an odd integer.
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
1 1 1
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
45. (d) Given that, D = 1 1 + x 1
1 1 1+ y log a1r n-1 log a1r n log a1r n+1
= log a1r n + 2 log a1r n+ 3 log a1r n + 4
Applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1
log a1r n +5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n + 7
1 1 1
\ D = 0 x 0 = xy log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
0 0 y = log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y

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Determinants M-297

Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get 5 2a 1

0 2 1
Now, | B | = = 2a2 – 2a – 25
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
a 3 -1
= log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ] Given, det. (A) + 1 = 0
=0 1
Þ +1 = 0
a b ax + b 2a 2 - 2a - 25
49. (c) Given that b c bx + c
2a 2 - 2a - 24
ax + b bx + c 0 Þ =0
2a 2 - 2a - 25
Applying R3 ® R3 – (xR1 + R2); Þ a = 4, – 3 Þ Sum of values = 1
a b ax + b 54. (b)
= b c bx + c é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 4 ù é1 n - 1ù é1 78 ù
ê 0 1ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ... ê 0 =
1 úû êë 0 1 úû
2
0 0 -(ax + 2bx + c) ë ûë ûë ûë û ë
= (ax2 + 2bx + c)(b2 – ac) = (+)(–) = –ve.
é1 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( n - 1) ù é1 78 ù
[Given that discriminant of ax2 + 2bx + c is –ve Þê ú = ê0 1 ú
\ 4b2 – 4ac < 0 Þ b2 – ac < 0] ë0 1 û ë û
50. (d) l = ARp –1 Þ log l = log A + (p – 1) log R (n - 1)n
Þ = 78 Þ n2 – n – 15 = 0
m = ARq –1 Þ log m = log A + (q – 1) log R 2
n = ARr –1 Þ log n = log A + (r – 1) log R Þ n = 13
log l p 1 log A + ( p - 1) log R p 1
é1 n ù é1 13ù
Now, log m q 1 = log A + (q - 1) log R q 1 Now, the matrix ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
log n r 1 log A + (r - 1) log R r 1
Operating é1 13ù é1 -13ù
Then, the required inverse of ê ú =ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
0 p 1
C1 – (log R)C2 + (log R – log A) C3 = 0 q 1 =0 55. (c) Let |A| = a, |B| = b
0 r 1 1 1
Þ |AT| = a |A–1| = , |BT| = b, |B–1| =
a b
51. (a) | ad A | = | A |2 = 9 Q |ABAT| = 8 Þ |A| |B| |AT| = 8¼(1)
n -1
[Q | ad A | = | A | ] Þ a.b.a = 8 Þ a2b = 8
Þ | A | = ±3 = l Þ | l | = 3 1
Q |AB–1| = 8 Þ |A| |B–1| = 8 Þ a . =8 ¼(2)
b
Þ | B | = | ad A |2 = 81
From (1) & (2)
-1 T -1 -1 1 1
m = | (B ) | = | B | = |B| = = 1
| B | 81 a = 4, b =
2
1 1 2 1 b2 1
52. (a) A =1 3 4 = ((9 + 4) - 1(3 - 4) + 2(-1 - 3)) Then, |BA–1BT| = |B| |A–1| |BT| = b . .b= =
a a 16
1 -1 3
écos q - sin q ù
= 13 + 1 – 8 = 6 56. (c) A = ê sin q cos q ú Þ | A| = 1
|adjB| = |adj(adjA)| = |A|(n – 1) = |A|4 = (36)2
2 ë û
|C| = |3A| = 3 × 6
3
é cos q sin q ù
T
é+ cos q - sin q ù
| adjB | 36 ´ 36 ad(A) = ê
+ q + q ú = ê - sin q cos q ú
Hence, = 3 =8 ë sin cos û ë û
|C | 3 ´6
é cos q sin q ù
(c) Q B = A = Þ | B | =
–1
1 Þ A–1 = ê - sin q cos q ú = B
53.
| A| ë û

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 EBD_8344
M-298 Mathematics

é cos q sin q ù é cos q sin q ù é6 – 4ù

B2 = ê - sin q cos q ú ê- sin q cos q ú A= ê ú ... From (1)
ë ûë û ë0 2 û

é cos 2q sin 2q ù é36 – 32 ù

= ê- sin 2q cos 2q ú Þ A2 = ê
ë û ë0 4 úû

é cos3q sin 3q ù For k = – 6

Þ B3 = ê - sin3q cos3q ú
ë û é– 6 4 ù
ÞA=ê ú .... From (1)
é cos(50q) sin(50q) ù ë 0 – 2û
Þ A–50 = B50 = ê- sin(50q) cos(50q) ú
ë û é36 – 32 ù
Þ A2 = ê
ë0 4 úû
é 3 1 ù
ê ú 58. (a) We have
2 2 ú
( A-50 ) p ê (A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O
q= = ê 1 3ú Þ A2 – 8A + 15I = O
12
ê- ú
ë 2 2 û Multiplying both sides by A – 1, we get;
A – 1 A . A – 8A – 1 A + 15A – 1 I = A – 1 O
é æ 50 p ö æ pö p 3ù Þ A – 8I + 15A – 1 = O
êQ cos ç ÷ = cos ç 4 p + ÷ = cos = ú A + 15A – 1 = 8I
ë è 12 ø è 6 ø 6 2 û
A 15 A -1
é1 2ù + = 4I
57. (d) Since A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and |3A| = 108 2 2
ë 0 3û
1 15 16
ék 0 ù \ a+b= + = =8
suppose the scalar matrix is ê 2 2 2
ú
ë0 k û é 2 -3ù
59. (c) We have A = ê ú
ë -4 1 û
é1 2ù é k 0 ù
\A. ê ú =ê ú é 16 -9 ù é 48 -27 ù
ë 0 3û ë 0 k û Þ A2 = ê -12 13 ú Þ 3A2 = ê -36 39 ú
ë û ë û
–1
é k 0 ù é1 2 ù é 24 -36 ù
ÞA= ê ú ê ú Also 12A = ê -48 12 ú
ë 0 k û ë0 3 û ë û
[ \ AB = C Þ ABB–1 = CB–1 Þ A = CB–1] é 48 -27 ù é 24 -36 ù
\ 3A2 + 12A = ê -36 39 ú + ê -48 12 ú
1 é k 0 ù é 3 – 2ù ë û ë û
Þ A= ê úê ú
3 ë0 k û ë0 1 û é 72 -63ù
=ê ú
ë -84 51 û
é 2ù
1 – ú é 51 63ù
ék 0 ù ê 3 ad (3A2 + 12A) = ê ú
Þ A=ê úê ú ë84 72 û
ë 0 k û ê0 1 ú
ëê 3 úû 60. (b)
61. (d) Given that A(ad A) = A AT
é 2 ù
êk – 3 k ú Pre-multiply by A
–1
both side, we get
Þ A=ê ú
ê0 k ú ... (1) Þ A A (ad A) = A A A
–1 –1 T

êë 3 úû
T
ad A = A
Q |3 A| = 108
é 2 b ù é 5a 3 ù
Þê ú=ê ú
Þ 108 =
3k – 2k ë -3 5a û ë- b 2 û
2
0 k Þ a = and b = 3
5
Þ 3k2 = 108 Þ k2 = 36 Þk =±6
For k = 6 Þ 5a + b = 5

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Determinants M-299

62. (a) A2 – 5A = – 7I 67. (c) Given that P3 = Q3 ...(1)

AAA–1 – 5AA–1 = –7I A–1 and P2Q = Q2P ...(2)
AI – 5I = –7A–1 Subtracting (1) and (2), we get
A – 5I = –7A–1 P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P
1
A–1 = (5I – A) Þ P2 (P–Q) + Q2 (P – Q) = 0
7 Þ (P2 + Q2) (P–Q) = 0
A3 – 2A2 – 3A + I = A (5A – 7I) – 2A2 – 3A + I Q P ¹ Q, \ P + Q = 0
2 2

= 5A2 – 7A – 2A2 – 3A + I = 3A2 – 10A + I Hence |P2 + Q2| = 0

= 3 (5A – 7I) – 10A + I = 5A – 20I = 5(A – 4I)
63. (a) |5. ad A | = 5 Þ 53. |A|3–1 = 5 æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
68. (d) Let Au1 = ç 0 ÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷
1
Þ 125 |A|2 = 5 Þ |A| = ± ç0÷ ç0÷
5 è ø è ø
64. (d) BB' = B ( A-1 A ') ' = B ( A ') '( A-1 ) ' æ 1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
= BA (A–1)' = ( A -1 A ')( A( A -1) ') Then, Au1 + Au2 = ç 0 ÷ + ç 1 ÷
ç0÷ ç0÷
= A–1A .A'.(A–1)' {as AA' = A'A} è ø è ø
= I(A A)' = I × I = I = I
–1 2
æ 1ö
ç ÷
Þ A ( u1 + u2 ) = ç 1 ÷ ...(1)
é1 2 3ù é0 0 1ù
ç0÷
65. (a) Given A ê0 2 3ú = êê1 0 0úú è ø
ê ú
ëê0 1 1ûú êë0 1 0úû æ1 0 0ö
Applying C1 « C3 ç ÷
Given that A = ç2 1 0÷
ç 3 2 1÷
é3 2 1ù é1 0 0ù è ø
ê 0 1ú
A ê3 ú
2 0 = ê0 ú Þ |A| = 1(1) – 0 (2) + 0 (4 – 3) = 1
ê ú
ëê1 1 0ûú êë0 1 0úû C11 = 1 C21 = 0 C31 = 0
Again Applying C2 « C3 C12 = –2 C22 = 1 C32 = 0
C13 = 1 C23 = –2 C33 = 1
é3 1 2ù é1 0 0ù
ê3 0 2ú ê0 1 0ú é 1 0 0ù
A ê ú = ê ú
\ adjA = êê -2 0 0 úú
êë1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû
êë 1 -2 1 úû
pre-multiplying both sides by A–1
We know,
é3 1 2ù é 1 0 0ù
A–1 A êê3 0 2úú = A–1 ê 0 1 0ú A-1 =
1
adjA
ê ú A
êë1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû

é3 1 2ù
Þ A -1 = adj ( A ) (Q A = 1)
ê3 0 2ú Now, from equation (1), we have
I ê ú = A–1 I = A–1
ëê1 0 1úû æ 1ö
-1 ç ÷
(Q A–1A = I and I = Identity matrix) u1 + u2 = A ç 1÷
ç0÷
é3 1 2ù è ø
ê3 0 2ú
Hence, A = ê –1
ú é 1 0 0ù æ 1 ö é 1 ù
ç ÷
ëê1 0 1úû = êê -2 1 0 úú ç 1 ÷ = êê -1úú
66. (b) | P | = 1(12 – 12) – a(4 – 6) + 3(4 – 6) = 2a – 6 êë 1 -2 1úû èç 0 ø÷ êë -1úû
Now, ad A = P Þ | ad A | = | P |
Þ | A |2 = | P | é0 0 aù
Þ | P | = 16 ê ú
69. (c) A = ê 0 b c ú , |A| = – abd ¹ 0
Þ 2a – 6 = 16 êë d e f úû
Þ a = 11

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 EBD_8344
M-300 Mathematics

c11 = + (bf – ce), c12 = – (– cd) = cd, c13 = + (– bd) = –bd

é 0 ag ù
c21 = –(–ea) = ae, c22 = + (–ad) = –ad, c23 = –(0) = 0 Now, AB = ê ú
ëbd 0 û
c31 = + (–ab) = – ab, c32 = – (0) = 0, c33 = 0
é 0 gb ù
é (bf - ce) ae -ab ù and BA = ê ú
ê
cd -ad 0 ú
ú ë da 0 û
Ad A = ê
êë -bd 0 0 úû Statement - 1 :
é 0 g ( a - b)ù
ébf - ce ae -ab ù AB - BA = ê ú
1 1 ê ú ë d ( b - a ) 0 û
A– 1 = (ad A) = ê cd -ad 0 ú
AB - BA = ( a - b) gd ¹ 0
| A| abd 2
êë -bd 0 0 úû
\ AB – BA is always an invertible matrix.
é0 0 d ù Hence, statement - 1 is true.
ê ú But AB – BA can be identity matrix if g = – d or d = – g
T
A = ê0 b e ú
êë a c f úû So, statement - 2 is false.
71. (b) For reflexive
Now A–1 = AT
A = P -1 AP is true,
ébf - ce ae -ab ù é0 0 d ù For P = I, which is an invertible matrix.
1 ê ú ê ú
Þ
-abd ê
cd -ad 0 ú = ê0 b e ú ( A, A) Î R
êë -bd 0 0 úû êë a c f úû \ R is reflexive.
For symmetry
é 0 - abd 2 ù
ébf - ce ae - ab ù ê
0
ú As ( A, B) ÎR for matrix P
ê ú
Þ ê cd - ad 0 ú = ê 0 -ab 2d -abde ú
ê ú A = P-1 BP
ëê -bd 0 0 ûú ê -a 2bd
ë
- abcd - abdf ú
û Þ PAP-1 = B
\ bf – ce = ae = cd = 0 ...(i) Þ B = PAP -1
2 2 2
abd = ab, ab d = ad, a bd = bd ...(ii)
( )
-1
abde = abcd = abdf = 0 ...(iii) Þ B = P –1 A (P–1)
From (ii), \ (B, A) Î R for matrix P -1
(abd 2 ). (ab2d). (a2bd) = ab. ad. bd \ R is symmetric.
Þ (abd)4 – (abd)2 = 0 For transitivity
Þ (abd)2 [(abd)2 – 1] = 0 A = P-1 BP
Q abd ¹ 0 , \ abd = ±1 ...(iv) and B = P–1CP
From (iii) and (iv),
e=c=f=0 ...(v)
Þ (
A = P –1 P -1CP P )
From (i) and (v),
( ) CP
2
Þ A = P -1 2
bf = ae = cd = 0 ...(vi)
A = (P ) C (P )
From (iv), (v) and (vi), it is clear that a, b, d can be any 2 -1
Þ
2
non- ero integer such that abd = ± 1
But it is only possible, if a = b = d = ± 1 \ (A, C) ÎR for matrix P
2
Hence, there are 2 choices for each a, b and d. \ R is transitive.
there fore, there are 2×2×2 choices for a, b and d. Hence So R is equivalence.
number of required matrices = 2×2×2=(2)3 So, statement-1 is true.
We know that if A and B are two invertible matrices of
éa 0ù order n, then
70. (a) Let A and B be real matrices such that A = ê ú
ë 0 bû (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1
So, statement-2 is true.
é0 g ù 72. (a) We know that if A is square matrix of order n then
and B = ê ú
ëd 0û adj (adj A) = | A | n–2 A.
= | A |0 A = A

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Determinants M-301

Also | adj A | = | A | n–1 = | A | 2–1 = | A |

1 1 1
\ Both the statements are true but statement-2 is not a
correct explanation for statement-1 .
77. (c) D= 1 2 3 =0Þl =5
73. (c) Given that all entries of square matrix A are integers, 1 3 l
therefore all cofactors should also be integers. 2 1 1
If det A = ± 1 then A–1 exists. Also all entries of A–1 are
Dx = 5 2 3 = 0 Þ m = 8
integers.
74. (d) Given that A2 – A + I = 0 m 3 5
Pre-multiply by A–1 both side, we get 78. (3.00)
For non- ero solution, D = 0
A-1 A2 - A-1 A + A-1.I = A-1.0
-1
Þ A - I + A-1 = 0 or A = I - A . l - 1 3l + 1 2l
Þ l - 1 4l - 2 l+3 =0
é 4 2 2ù
3l + 1 3(l - 1)
75. (a) Given that 10 B = ê -5 0 a ú
2
ê ú
êë 1 -2 3 úû Þ 6l 3 - 36l 2 + 54l = 0
Þ 6l[l 2 - 6l + 9] = 0
é 4 2 2ù
Þ B = ê -5 0 a ú
1 Þ l = 0, l = 3 [Distinct values]
10 ê ú
ëê 1 -2 3 úû Then, the sum of distinct values of l = 0 + 3 = 3.

2 -4 l
Given that B = A-1 Þ AB = I
79. (a) Q 1 -6 1 = 0 Þ 3l 2 - 7l - 12 = 0
é 1 -1 1 ù é 4 2 2 ù é 1 0 0 ù l -10 4
1 ê úê ú ê ú
Þ 2 1 -3ú ê -5 0 a ú = ê0 1 0 ú
10 ê Þ l = 3 or -
2
êë 1 1 1 úû êë 1 -2 3 úû êë0 0 1 úû
3
1 -4 l
é10 0 5 - 2 ù é1 0 0ù D1 = 2 -6 1 = 2(3 - l )
1 ê
Þ 0 10 -5 + a úú = êê0 1 0úú 3 -10 4
10 ê
êë 0 0 5 + a úû êë0 0 1 úû
2
\ When l = - , D1 ¹ 0.
5- a 3
Þ =0Þa=5 2
10 Hence, equations will be inconsistent when l = - .
3
80. (a) Since, system of linear equations has non- ero
é 0 0 -1ù
ê ú solution
76. (a) Given that A = ê 0 -1 0 ú
\D = 0
êë -1 0 0 úû
1 1 3
clearly A ¹ 0. Also |A| = -1 ¹ 0 Þ 1 3 k2 = 0
é -1 0 0 ù 3 1 3
-1 - = ê 0 -1 0 ú ¹ A
\ A exists, further ( 1) I
ê ú Þ 1(9 - k 2 ) - 1(3 - 3k 2 ) + 3(1 - 9) = 0
ëê 0 0 -1ûú Þ 9 - k 2 - 3 + 3k 2 - 24 = 0
Þ 2k 2 = 18 Þ k 2 = 9, k = ±3
é 0 0 -1ù é 0 0 -1ù So, equations are
Also A = ê 0 -1 0 ú ê 0 -1 0 ú
2
x + y + 3z = 0 ...(i)
ê úê ú
êë -1 0 0 úû êë -1 0 0 úû x + 3y + 9z = 0 ...(ii)
3x + y + 3z = 0 ...(iii)
é1 0 0ù Now, from equation (i) – (ii),
= ê0 1 0ú = I -2 y - 6 z = 0 Þ y = -3z Þ = -3
y
ê ú ...(iv)
êë0 0 1úû z
Now, from equation (i) – (iii),

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 EBD_8344
M-302 Mathematics

-2 x = 0 Þ x = 0 Put z = 0 in equation (i), we get x = 2y

So, x +
y
= 0 - 3 = -3
Q15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150
z
81. (5.00) Þ 15 £ 4 y 2 + y 2 £ 150
For infinitely many solutions, [Q x = 2 y, z = 0]
D = D1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0
Þ 3 £ y 2 £ 30
1 -2 3 Þ y = ±2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5
D= 2 1 1 =0 Þ 8 solutions.
1 -7 a
2 -1 2
Þ (a + 7) - 2(1 - 2a) + 3(-15) = 0 85. (d) D = 1 -2 l = -(l - 1)(2l + 1)
Þ a =8 1 l 1

1 -2 9 2 -1 2
D3 = 2 1 b =0 D1 = -4 -2 l = -2(l 2 + 6l - 4)
1 -7 24 4 l 1
For no solution D = 0 and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 is
Þ (24 + 7b) - 2(b - 48) + 9(-15) = 0 non- ero.
Þ b =3 1
\ D = 0 Þ l = 1, - and D1 ¹ 0
\ a - b = 5. 2
82. (b) Given that Ax = b has solutions x1, x2, x3 and b is ì 1ü
equal to b1, b2 and b3 Hence, S = í1, - ý
î 2þ
\ x1 + y1 + z1 = 1
86. (d) Q | P | = 1( -3 + 36) - 2(2 + 4) + 1( -18 - 3) = 0
Þ 2 y1 + z1 = 2 Þ z1 = 2 Given that PX = 0
Determinant of coefficient matrix \ System of equations
1 1 1 x + 2 y + z = 0 ; 2x - 3 y + 4z = 0
| A| = 0 2 1 = 2 and x + 9 y - z = 0 has infinitely many solution.
0 0 1 Let z = k ÎR and solve above equations, we get
11k 2k
1 1 1 x= - , y= ,z=k
7 7
83. (d) 2 4 -1 = 0 [Q Equation has many solutions]
But given that x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
3 2 l
7
\k = ±
9 174
Þ -15 + 6 + 2l = 0 Þ l =
2 \ Two solutions only.
87. (c) The given system of linear equations
1 1 2
7x + 6y – 2z = 0 ...(i)
\ DZ = 2 4 6 =0 Þ m = 5 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 ...(ii)
3 2 2m x – 2y – 6z = 0 ...(iii)
Now, determinant of coefficient matrix
\ 2l + m = 14.
84. (8) 7 6 -2
The given system of equations D=3 4 2
x - 2 y + 5z = 0 ...(i) 1 -2 -6

-2 x + 4 y + z = 0 ...(ii) = 7(– 20) – 6(–20) – 2(–10)

= – 140 + 120 + 20 = 0
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0 ...(iii)
So, there are infinite non-trivial solutions.
From equation, 2 × (i) + (ii) Þ z = 0

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Determinants M-303

From eqn. (i) + 3 × (iii); we get 2 1 1

10x – 20z = 0 Þ x = 2z Þ = +
b a c
Hence, there are infinitely many solutions (x, y, z) satisfying
x = 2z. 1 1 1
88. (a) From the given linear equation, we get Þ , , in A.P.
a b c
91. (13) x + y + z = 6 ...(i)
1 2 3
x + 2y + 3z = 10 ...(ii)
D = 3 4 5 ( R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + 3R3 )
3x + 2y + lz = µ ...(iii)
4 4 4 From (i) and (ii),
If z = 0 Þ x + y = 6 and x + 2y = 10
1 2 3 Þ y = 4, x = 2
= 3 4 5 =0 (2, 4, 0)
0 0 0 If y = 0 Þ x + z = 6 and x + 3z = 10
Þ z = 2 and x = 4
Now, let P3 = 4x + 4y + 4z – d = 0. If the system has solutions (4, 0, 2)
it will have infinite solution.
So, 3x + 2y + lz = m, must pass through (2, 4, 0) and (4, 0, 2)
So, P3 º aP1 + bP2
So, 6 + 8 = m Þ m = 14
Hence, 3a + b = 4 and 4a + 2b = 4
Þ a = 2 and b = – 2 and 12 + 2l = m
So, for infinite solution 2m – 2 = d 12 + 2l = 14 Þ l = 1
Þ For 2m ¹ d + 2 system is inconsistent So, m – l2 = 14 –1 = 13
92. (d) Given system of linear equations: x + y + z = 5;
l 2 2 x + 2y + 2z = 6 and x + 3y + lz = m have infinite solution.
89. (c) D = 2l 3 5 \ D = 0, Dx = Dy = Dz = 0
4 l 6
1 1 1
D = l2 + 6l – 16 1 2 2
D = (l + 8) (2 – l) Now, D = =0
1 3 l
For no solutions, D = 0
Þ l = – 8, 2 Þ 1 (2l – 6) – 1 (l – 2) + 1 (3 – 2) = 0
when l = 2 Þ 2l – 6 – l + 2 + 1 = 0 Þ l = 3
1 5 1 1 5 1
5 2 2
1 6 2 0 1 1
D1 = 8 3 5 Dy = =0Þ =0
1 m 3 0 m-5 2
10 2 6
Þ 1 (2 – m + 5) = 0 Þ m = 7
= 5[18 – 10] – 2 [48 – 50] + 2 (16 – 30]
\ l + m = 10
= 40 + 4 – 28 ¹ 0
93. (d) Q system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
There exist no solutions for l = 2
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
90. (a) For non- ero solution
2 2a a 1 1 1
2 3b b =0 D = 4 l -l = 0
Here,
2 4c c 3 2 -4

C1 ® C1 – C2 & C2 ® C2 – C3
1 2a a
1 3b b = 0 0 0 1
Þ
Þ 4 - l 2l -l = 0
1 4c c Þl=3
1 6 -4
Þ (3bc – 4bc) – (2ac – 4ac) + (2ab – 3ab) = 0
Þ – bc + 2ac – ab = 0
Þ ab + bc + 2ac

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 EBD_8344
M-304 Mathematics

= 1 (– k + 1) + 2 (– 2k – 3) + k (– 2 – 3)
6 1 1
= – k + 1 – 4k – 6 – 5k = – 10k – 5 = – 5(2k + 1)
D1 = l - 2 l -l = 0
Now, for l = 3,
-5 2 -4 1 -2 k
2 1 1
D1 = = – 5 (2k + 1)
1 6 1 3 -1 -k
4 l - 2 -l = 0
For l = 3, D2 = 1 1 k 1 -2 1
3 -5 -4
2 2 1 2 1 2
D2 = = 0, D3 = =0
1 1 6 3 3 -k 3 -1 3
For l = 3, D3 = 4 l l - 2 = 0 Qz ¹ 0 Þ D = 0
3 2 -5 1
Þ –5 (2k + 1) = 0 Þ k = -
\ for l = 3, system of equations has infinitely many 2
solutions. \ System of equation has infinite many solutions.
94. (b) Given system of equations has a non-trivial solution. 10 - 3l 2l
Let z = l ¹ 0 then x = and y = –
10 5
2 3 -1
9 \ (x, y) must lie on line 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
Þ D =0Þ 1 k -2 = 0 Þ k =
2 97. (a) Q The system of linear equations has a unique solu-
2 -1 1 tion.
\ equations are 2x + 3y – z = 0 ...(i) \ D¹0
2x – y + z = 0 ...(ii)
1+ a b 1
2x + 9y – 4z = 0 ...(iii)
D= a 1+ b 1 ¹ 0
By (i) – (ii), 2y = z
a b 2
\ z = – 4x and 2x + y = 0
x y z -1 1 9 1 1+ a + b +1 b 1
\ + + +k = + -4+ =
y z x 2 2 2 2 a +1+ b +1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
Þ [C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3]
95. (b) If the system of equations has non-trivial solutions, a+b+2 b 2
then the determinant of coefficient matrix is ero
1 b 1
1 -c -c
(a + b + 2) 1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
c -1 c Þ
=0 1 b 2
c c -1

Þ (1 – c2) + c (– c – c2) – c (c2 + c) = 0 1 b 1

R2 ® R2 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c) – 2c2 (1 + c) = 0 (a + b + 2) 0 1 0 ¹ 0
Þ R3 ® R3 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c – 2c2) = 0 0 0 1
Þ (1 + c)2 (1 – 2c) = 0
Þ (a + b + 2) 1(1) ¹ 0
1
Þ c = – 1 or Þ a+b+2¹0
2
Q Ordered pair (2, 4) satisfies this condition
1
Hence, the greatest value of c is for which the system
2 \ a = 2 and b = 4.
of linear equations has non-trivial solution. 98. (a) Consider the given system of linear equations
96. (b) Given system of linear equations, x(1 –l) – 2y – 2z = 0
x – 2y + kz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, 3x – y – kz = 3 x + (2 – l)y + z = 0
–x – y – lz= 0
1 -2 k
Now, for a non-trivial solution, the determinant of coeffi-
2 1 1
D= cient matrix is ero.
3 -1 -k

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Determinants M-305

1- l -2 -2 1 5 1
1 2- l 1 1 9 3
=0 D2 = = 9a - 3b - 5 (a – 3) + 1(b - 9)
-1 -1 -l 1 b a

Þ (1 – l)3 = 0 = 9a - 3b - 5a + 15 + b - 9 = 4a - 2b + 6
l=1
1 1 5
99. (b) Q System of equations has more than one solution
1 2 9
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 for infinite solution D3 = = 2b – 27 – b + 9 + 5 = b – 13
1 3 b
a 2 3 Since, the system of equations has infinite many solutions.
b -1 5
D1 = = a(13) + 2(5c – 2b) + 3(–3b + c) Hence,
c -3 2 D1 = D 2 = D 3 = D = 0
= 13a – 13b + 13c = 0 Þ a = 5, b = 13 Þ b – a = 8
i.e, a – b + c = 0 102. (c) Consider the system of linear equations

or b–c–a=0 x – 4y + 7z = g ...(i)
100. (b) Since, the system of linear equations has, non-trivial 3y – 5z = h ...(ii)
solution then determinant of coefficient matrix = 0 –2x + 5y – 9z = k ...(iii)
Multiply equation (i) by 2 and add equation (i), equation
sin 3q cos 2q 2 (ii) and equation (iii)
i.e.,
1 3 7
=0 Þ 0 = 2g + h + k. \ 2g + h + k = 0
-1 4 7 then system of equation is consistent.
sin3q(21– 28) – cos2q(7 + 7) + 2 (4 + 3) = 0 103. (a) For non ero solution of the system of linear
equations;
sin3q + 2cos2q – 2 = 0
3sinq – 4sin3q + 2 – 4sin 2q – 2 = 0 1 k 3
4sin3q + 4sin 2q – 3sinq = 0 3 k -2 = 0
2 4 -3
sinq (4sin2q + 4sinq – 3) = 0
sinq (4sin2q + 6sinq – 2sinq – 3) = 0 Þ k = 11
sinq [2sinq (2sinq – 1) + 3 (2sinq – 1)] = 0 Now equations become
x + 11y + 3 = 0 ...(1)
sinq (2sinq – 1) (2sinq + 3) = 0 3x + 11y – 2 = 0 ...(2)
1 æ 3ö 2x + 4y – 3 = 0 ...(3)
sin q = 0, sin q = çèQ sin q ¹ - ÷ø Adding equations (1) & (3) we get
2 2
3x + 15y = 0
p 5p Þ x = –5y
q= ,
6 6 Now put x = –5y in equation (1), we get
Hence, for two values of q, system of equations has non- –5y + 11y + 3 = 0
trivial solution Þ = –2y
x ( -5 y)( -2 y)
1 1 1 \ = = 10
2
y y2
101. (b) D = 1 2 3 = 2a – 9 – a + 3 + 1 = a – 5
104. (c) Here, the equations are;
1 3 a (k + 2) x + 10y = k
& kx + (k + 3)y = k – 1.
5 1 1 These equations can be written in the form of Ax = B as
D1 = 9 2 3 = 5(2a – 9) – 1(9a – 3b) + (27 – 2b)
b 3 a é k + 2 10 ù é x ù é k ù
ê k =
ë k + 3úû êë y úû êë k – 1úû
= 10a - 45 - 9a + 3b + 27 - 2b
For the system to have no solution
= a + b -18 |A| = 0

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 EBD_8344
M-306 Mathematics

é k + 2 10 ù 2 4 -l
Þ ê = 0 Þ (k + 2) (k + 3) – k × 10 = 0
ë k k + 3úû \ 4 l 2 =0
Þ k2 – 5k + 6 = (k – 2) (k – 3) = 0 l 2 2
\ k = 2, 3
For k = 2, equations become: Þ l + 4l – 40 = 0
3

l has only 1 real root.

4x + 10 y = 2
109. (b) For non-trivial solution,
& 2x + 5y = 1
& hence infinite number of solutions. 1 l -1
For k = 3, equations becomes; l -1 -1 = 0
5x + 10y = 3 1 1 -l
3x + 6y = 2
Þ -l(l + 1)(l - 1) = 0 Þ l = 0, +1, –1
& hence no solution.
\ required number of values of k is 1 110. (a) 2x1 - 2x 2 + x 3 = lx1ü
105. (b) The system of linear equations is: ï
2x1 - 3x 2 + 2x 3 = lx 2 ý
x+y+z=2
2x + y – z = 3 - x1 + 2x 2 = lx3 ïþ
3x + 2y + kz = 4 Þ (2 – l)x1 – 2x2 + x3 = 0
As, system has unique solution. 2x1 – (3 + l) x2 + 2x3 = 0
1 1 1 – x1 + 2x2 – lx3 = 0
For non-trivial solution,
So, 2 1 –1 ¹ 0
D=0
3 2 k
2-l -2 1
Þ k + 2 – (2k + 3) + 1 ¹ 0 i.e. 2 -(3 + l ) 2 =0
Þk¹0
-1 2 -l
Hence, k Î R – {0} º S
106. (d) As the system of equations has no solution then D Þ (2 – l) [l(3 + l) – 4] + 2[–2l + 2] + 1[4 – (3 + l)] = 0
should be ero and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 should Þ l3 + l2 – 5l + 3 = 0
not be ero. Þ l = 1, 1, 3
1 a 1 Hence l has 2 values.
111. (b) Given system of equations can be written as
\ D= 1 2 2 =0
(a - 1) x - y - z = 0
1 5 3
Þ –a–1=0 Þ a=–1 - x + (b - 1) y - z = 0
- x - y + (c - 1) z = 0
1 3 1
For non-trivial solution, we have
D2 = 1 6 2 ¹ 0
1 b 3 a -1 -1 -1
Þ b¹9 -1 b -1 -1
=0
-1 -1 c -1
1 1 1
R2 ® R2 – R3
107. (a) D = 1 a 1 = 0
a b 1 a - 1 -1 -1
Þ 1 [a – b] – 1 [1 – a] + 1 [b – a ] = 0
2 0 b -c
=0
Þ (a – 1)2 = 0 -1 -1 c - 1
Þa=1
For a = 1, First two equations are identical C2 ® C2 – C3
i.e., x + y + z = 1 a -1 0 -1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0
b=1 0 b+c -c
=0
So b = {1} Þ It is singleton set. -1 -c c -1
108. (b) Since the given system of linear equations has
Apply R3 ® R3 – R1
infinitely many solutions.

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Determinants M-307

a -1 0 -1 p æ pö
a= in ç 0, ÷
0 b + c -c 4 è 2ø
=0
-a -c c \ D1 = 2(sin a) × 0 = 0,
p
Þ (a - 1)[bc + c 2 - c 2 ] - 1[a(b + c)] = 0 since value of sin a is finite for a Î æç 0, ö÷
è 2ø
Þ (a - 1)[bc ] - ab - ac = 0 Hence non-trivivial solution for only one value of a in
Þ abc - bc - ab - ac = 0 æ pö
ç 0, ÷
Þ ab + bc + ca = abc è 2ø
112. (b) Since, system of equations have no solution
cos a sin a cos a
k +1 8 4k sin a cos a sin a = 0
\ = ¹ (Q System has no solution)
k k + 3 3k - 1 cos a - sin a - cos a
Þ k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k Þ k2– 4k + 3 = 0
Þ k = 1, 3 0 sin a cos a
Þ 0 cos a sin a = 0
8 4.1
If k = 1 then ¹ which is false 2cos a - sin a - cos a
1+ 3 2
Þ 2 cos a (sin2 a – cos2 a) = 0
8 4.3
and if k = 3 then ¹ which is true, therefore k = 3 \ cos a = 0 or sin2 a – cos2 a = 0
6 9 -1
Hence for only one value of k. System has no solution. æ pö
But cos a = 0 not possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
113. (b) Given system of equations is homogeneous which is è 2ø
x + ay = 0 \ sin2 a – cos2 a = 0 Þ sin a = – cos a, which is also not
y + az = 0 æ pö
z + ax = 0 possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
It can be written in matrix form as Hence, there is no solution.
115. (d) Given system of equations can be written in matrix
æ1 a 0ö
form as AX = B where
A =ç0 1 a÷
ça 0 1÷ æ1 2 3ö æ6ö
è ø
A = ç 1 3 5 ÷ and B = ç 9 ÷
Now, | A | = [1 – a(– a2)] = 1 + a3 ¹ 0 ç2 5 a÷ çb÷
è ø è ø
So, system has only trivial solution. Since, system is consistent and has infinitely many
Now, | A | = 0 only when a = – 1 solutions
So, system of equations has infinitely many solutions \ (ad. A) B = 0
which is not possible because it is given that system has a
unique solution. æ 3a - 25 15 - 2a 1 ö æ 6 ö æ 0 ö
Þ ç 10 - a a - 6 -2 ÷ ç 9 ÷ = ç 0 ÷
Hence set of all real values of ‘a’ is R – {– 1}. ç -1 -1 1 ÷ø çè b ÷ø çè 0 ÷ø
è
1 sin a cos a Þ – 6 – 9 + b = 0 Þ b = 15
114. (c) D1 = 1 cos a sin a and 6(10 – a) + 9(a – 6) – 2(b) = 0
1 - sin a cos a Þ 60 – 6a + 9a – 54 – 30 = 0
Þ 3a = 24 Þ a = 8
0 sin a - cos a cos a - sin a Hence, a = 8, b = 15.
= 0 cos a + sin a sin a - cos a 116. (a) Given system of equations is
1 - sin a cos a x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
= (sin a – cos a)2 – (cos2 a – sin2 a)
2x + 3y – 4z = 0
= sin2 a + cos2 a – 2 sin a . cos a – cos2 a + sin2 a Since, system has non-trivial solution
= 2 sin2 a – 2 sin a . cos a
= 2 sin a (sin a – cos a) 1 k 3
Now, sin a – cos a = 0 for only 3 k -2 = 0
\
2 3 -4

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 EBD_8344
M-308 Mathematics

Þ 1 (– 4k + 6) – k(– 12 + 4) + 3 (9 – 2k) = 0 121. (d) The given equations are

–x + cy + bz = 0
33
Þ 4k + 33 – 6k = 0 Þ k = cx –y + az = 0
2 bx + ay – z = 0
Hence, statement - 1 is false. Given that x, y, z are not all ero
Statement-2 is the property. \ The above system have non- ero solution
It is a true statement.
–1 c b
117. (d) Given system of equations is
x+y+z=6 Þ D = 0 Þ c –1 a = 0
x + 2y + 3z = 10 b a –1
x + 2y + lz = 0 Þ –1(1– a2) – c(– c – ab) + b(ac + b) = 0
It has unique solution. Þ –1 + a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 0
Þ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
1 1 1
122. (a) ax + y + = a – 1;
\ 1 2 3 ¹0 x + a y + = a – 1;
1 2 l x+ y+ a = a –1
Þ 1(2l – 6) – 1 (l – 3) + 1(2 – 2) ¹ 0 a 1 1
Þ 2l – 6 – l + 3 ¹ 0 Þ l – 3 ¹ 0 Þ l ¹ 3 D= 1 a 1
118. (a) x - ky + z = 0 1 1 a
kx + 3 y - kz = 0 2
3x + y - z = 0 = a( a - 1) - 1(a - 1) + 1(1 - a)
The given that system of equations have trivial solution, = a (a - 1)(a + 1) - 1(a - 1) - 1(a - 1)
1 -k 1 = (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 1 - 1]
= (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 2]
\ k 3 -k ¹ 0
= (a – 1) [a 2 + 2a - a - 2]
3 1 -1
= (a - 1)[a (a + 2) - 1(a + 2)]
Þ 1(-3 + k ) + k (-k + 3k ) + 1(k - 9) ¹ 0
= ( a - 1) ( a + 2 )
2
Þ k - 3 + 2k 2 + k - 9 ¹ 0
Q Equations has infinite solutions
Þ k 2 + k - 6 ¹ 0 Þ k = -3, k ¹ 2 \ D=0
So, the equation will have only trivial solution,
Þ (a - 1) = 0, a + 2 = 0
when k Î R – {2, – 3}
119. (a) Given that system of equations have non- ero solution Þ a = – 2, 1;
D=0 But a ¹ 1 .
\a=–2
4 k 2
123. (d) For homogeneous system of equations to have non
Þ k 4 1 =0 ero solution, D = 0
2 2 1 1 2a a
Þ 4(4 - 2) - k (k - 2) + 2(2k - 8) = 0
1 3b b = 0 C ® - -
Þ 8 - k 2 + 2k + 4k - 16 = 0 1 4c c
k 2 - 6k + 8 = 0 Applying C2 ® C2 – 2C3
Þ (k - 4)(k - 2) = 0 Þ k = 4, 2 1 0 a
1 2 1 Þ 1 b b = 0 R3 ® R3 - R1, R2 ® R2 - R1
1 2c c
120. (c) D= 2 3 1 =0
3 5 2 1 0 a
Þ 0 b b-a =0
3 2 1
0 2c c - a
Dx = 3 3 1 ¹ 0
Þ bc – ab = 2bc – 2ac
1 5 2 2 1 1
Þ Given system, does not have any solution. Þ = +
b a c
Þ No solution \ a, b, c are in Harmonic Progression.

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