Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance

Faculty of Economics

MIDTERM REPORT

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT -
MGT1105E

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độ thực hiện

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Yếu (0-39)%
CONTENT
 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

( Picture 1: Tan Cang - Cat Lai port in Ho Chi Minh City)

1. Location and Contact address:

- Head office: 1295B Nguyen Thi Dinh Street, Cat Lai Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh
City
- Phone number: (08) 83.742.2243
- Fax: (08) 83.742.1190
- Email: Operation.snp@ saigonnewport.com.vn
- Website: www.saigonnewport.com.vn
- Managing unit: Saigon Newport Corporation
- Operational capacity: Marine services and Logistics
2. Scale
- Cat Lai open harbor zone Saigon Newport Company started working in mid-April
2006.
- With an added range of 160 hectares, 20,000 square meters of stockroom space,
450,000 square meters of holder yard, 973 meters of the pier, and 12 shore cranes,
counting ten KE (Germany) gantry cranes, Cat Lai Harbour has ended up Vietnam's
biggest holder harbor.
 (Picture 2: The scale of Tan Cang - Cat Lai port)

- Cat Lai Harbour is 43 miles from Vung Tau pilot station and encompasses a depth of
12.5m before the pier.
- Cat Lai Harbour is right now the biggest and most advanced universal holder harbor
in Vietnam in Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City.
- Cat Lai Harbour was developed in stages from June 1996 to 2002, with a beginning
region of almost 170,000 square meters, counting two 150-meter compartments,
which can billet ships of more than 20,000 DWT.
- In the interim, Ghi Lai has joined up with the city to construct Intercollegiate Course
25 from Hanoi Expressway to Cat Lai Ship to draw in clients.
- Tan Cang - Cat Lai Terminal (TCCL) is the biggest and most cuttinc-edge worldwide
holder harbour in Vietnam. The terminal is associated with National Interstate 1,
Internal Ring Interstate, External Ring Thruway, HCM - Long Thanh - Dau Giay
Interstate by Interprovincial Street 25 with a stack of H30 on the complete course. By
these thruways, cargoes can be circulated from the TCCL terminal to key financial
zones of Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Long An, Ba Ria Vung Tau, and Mekong Delta
areas effectively and rapidly.
3. Capacity
As of now, a 212-mete2-long devoted holder terminal (B7 terminal) can suit ships of
30,000 net tonnage with a deadweight tonnage of 2,500 TEU for the cargo taking care
of terminal and the B7 billet (80 meters). Receipt of 2,200 DWT vessels and stacking
and emptying gear for advanced harbor operations counting:
+ 02 K.E Land Crane, 01 Kicks Lund Crane, 01 Liebherr.
+ Lund Crane, 02 Kalmar 6+1 Frame Crane, and more than 30 tractors in continuous
operation 24/ 24 hours a day to meet all the needs of customers.

(Picture 3: Cat Lai port welcome gate)

 CHAPTER II: BODY

1. How long does it take Cat Lai to unload and load cargoes again on a ship when it
arrives? Which equipment are used to unload cargoes at the wharf? Provide
photos and clearly explain functions and procedures of the equipment used to
load and unload goods at the wharf.
1.1 Time unload and load cargoes
Cat Lai Port takes 12 to 18 hours to load and unload goods
1.2 Equipment
There are 2 main devices in loading and unloading goods at the wharf
● Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane
● Reach Stacker forklift

1.2.1 Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane

Ship-to-Shore Crane (STS Crane) could be an expansive, specialized crane

utilized for stacking and emptying holder ships at a port. This crane is one of the
most hardware for emptying and stacking merchandise from dispatch to shore and
bad habit versa and from shore to ships. It can move along the harbor and can lift
holders and other merchandise.

(Picture 4: Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane)

 1.2.2 Reach Stacker forklift

Reach Stacker forklift is specialized gear utilized to stack and empty holders at
wharves. They can stack holders on best of each other and have a better lifting
capacity than forklifts. Reach Stacker forklifts are particularly valuable in compactly
putting away holders, making ideal utilization of accessible space at the terminal.

(Picture 5: Reach Stacker Forklift)

1.2.3 Function and proceduced

a) Ship-to-Shore Crane - STS Crane

 Function:
- Lifting and Moving Containers: STS cranes are equipped with powerful forks,
capable of lifting up to hundreds of tons. They can lift containers from ships and
move them to freestanding positions or place them on internal transport vehicles.
- Managing Multiple Containers: STS cranes are capable of managing multiple
containers at the same time, helping to optimize loading and unloading time and
increase efficiency. Through the control system, they can determine the correct
position and direction of the container accurately.
- Moving Along the Harbor:The crane has the ability to move along the harbor so it
can get close to any ship that needs to be loaded or unloaded. This helps optimize
crane usage and reduce downtime.
- Port System Integration: It is often integrated with port management systems,
helping to automate the loading and unloading process and track the location of
containers in real time.
 Procedures:
- Arrival and positioning: When the ship arrives at the wharf, the STS crane is
carefully positioned along the wharf to align with the ship's hatch. The cranes are
firmly fixed and stable to ensure safe operation during loading and unloading.

(Picture 6: Positioning STS Cranes)

- Unloading and loading containers:

+ STS cranes use cranes and automatic systems to unload and load containers according to a
previously programmed plan. STS cranes use lifting power and spreaders to load containers
from the open top rows of the ship. The spreader is then lowered into the corresponding
trenches on the wharf.

(Picture 7: Transferring containers from ship to wharf)

 (Picture 8: Loading containers onto the ship)

+ Similar to loading containers onto the ship, the STS crane will lift the container from the
yard or vehicle and place it in the corresponding slots on the ship's deck. This process is
repeated until all containers are loaded.

- Transfer of goods: Once the container is safely placed on the wharf, it can be transported to
a designated area in the container yard or directly onto a waiting truck or railcar. This can be
done using internal transport vehicles such as forklifts or RTGs or by using specialized
conveyor systems. The goods are then moved to storage or placed into the inland
transportation system.

(Picture 9: Transport to yard or truck)

- Supervision and safety:

+ Real-time monitoring: Maintain safe distances between containers, prevent damage and
ensure accurate location.

+ Documentation and tracking: When containers are loaded or unloaded, detailed information
about the container, such as container number, weight and destination, is recorded in the
terminal's management system. This information helps manage freight operations and track
container movements.

- Maintenance and efficiency:

+ After each working cycle, STS cranes are often inspected and maintained to ensure stability
and safety in subsequent operations. Once the loading or unloading process is completed, STS
cranes are regularly maintained, inspected and repaired to ensure their optimal performance.
 Regular calibration and testing are performed to ensure accurate weighing and lifting
capabilities.

+ Efficient and well-coordinated operations involving STS cranes contribute significantly to

the overall productivity and efficiency of the terminal. They play an important role in the
logistics chain, facilitating the smooth flow of goods between ships, trucks and trains.

( Picture 10: Maintenance STS cranes)

b) Reach Stacker Forklift

 Function:
- Container handling: Reach forklifts are designed to handle containers of various sizes and
weights. They are equipped with cranes and hydraulic spreaders that can lift and move
containers, allowing for easy loading, unloading and transport.
- Stacking and unloading: Reach forklifts can lift containers from the ground or lower levels
and stack them vertically. This allows effective use of space in the container yard, optimizing
storage capacity. Additionally, Reach forklifts can unload containers by safely removing them
from the stack and placing them on the ground or onto the truck.
- Loading and unloading: Reach forklifts play an important role in loading and unloading
containers onto and off trucks, rail cars or ships. They can load containers from the ground or
transfer them from the yard to waiting vehicles or ship chassis.
- Transportation: Reach forklifts are capable of transporting containers over short distances
within stations or yards. They can move containers between loading areas, truck loading areas
or staging areas for onward transport efficiently.
 Procedures:
- Check and prepare: Before starting the loading or unloading process, the forklift operator will
inspect the machine for any malfunctions or damage. The operator ensures that the forklift is
fueled, ensures that all operating systems, including brakes, electric lights and lifting
mechanisms, are functioning properlyand all necessary safety precautions are in place.

(Picture 11: Check the forklift)

- Positioning and stabilization: The Reach Stacker forklift is driven to the appropriate location
at the wharf where goods are stored or must be loaded. The operator positions the forklift
parallel to the goods or shipping container to ensure stability during lifting.

(Picture 12: Determine the appropriate location)

- Lifting and stacking:

(Picture 13: Reach Stacker forklift lifts and stacks containers)

+ Reach forklifts are equipped with telescopic arms called spreaders that can be adjusted
to fit a variety of container sizes.
+ The operator carefully drives the reach truck toward the cargo or transport container
and aligns the spreader arm with the containers.
+ The spreader arms then secure the container from the top corners, locking it in place to
prevent any shifting or falling during transport.
+ Forklifts lift goods/containers off the ground, maintaining balance to prevent any
incidents or mishaps.
- Moving goods: After the goods/containers are securely clamped, the forklift will move
gently to its destination at the wharf. The operator maintains careful control over the
speed and direction of the forklift to ensure safe transport. When transporting multiple
containers, the Reach Stacker forklift can stack them on top of each other, placing
heavier containers on the bottom for stability.

(Picture 14: Forklifts move containers to their destinations)

- Unloading: When arriving at the destination, the stacker will position itself according
to the unloading point. The operator lowers the cargo/container safely to the ground,
carefully releasing the spreader handle. Unloaded goods are then moved to the
designated area using forklifts or other equipment as required.
 ( Picture 15: The operator lowers the container safely)

- Safe and effective measures:

+ During the entire loading and unloading process, safety precautions are important to
avoid accidents. The operator ensures that the forklift is operating within the specified
weight limits to maintain stability. Reach forklift movements are coordinated with other
machinery and workers at the wharf to avoid collisions or injuries. Continuous
communication between forklift operators and ground staff is essential to ensure the
process runs smoothly and efficiently.

+ In general, Reach Stacker forklifts play an important role in loading and unloading
goods at the wharf, providing efficient transportation and safe handling of goods and
containers.
 (Picture 16: Coordinate with workers at the wharf to avoid injuries)

+ During the entire loading and unloading process, safety precautions are important to
avoid accidents. The operator ensures that the forklift is operating within the specified
weight limits to maintain stability. Reach forklift movements are coordinated with
other machinery and workers at the wharf to avoid collisions or injuries. Continuous
communication between forklift operators and ground staff is essential to ensure the
process runs smoothly and efficiently.

+ In general, Reach Stacker forklifts play an important role in loading and unloading
goods at the wharf, providing efficient transportation and safe handling of goods and
containers.

2. What types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock? Why don't they let bigger ships
dock to carry more goods?
2.1 Types of ships does Cat Lai allow to dock
- Cat Lai port only has small boats from 2 to 3,000 boats docked at the port.The port is
designed to serve a variety of ships such as container ships, oil tankers, market
ships, fishing boats, and cruise ships, depending on the portability and weather
conditions, Cat Lai can anchor all kinds of ships. ships with a tonnage of 500 DWT -
200,000 DWT, in addition, large ships such as super-long, super-weight ships,
overloaded cargo ships, or ships with technical conditions that do not meet the needs
of the port will not be eligible. anchorage at the port. Cat Lai Port is currently the
main port of Ho Chi Minh City and is one of the largest ports in Vietnam.
- Cat Lai port is located on a small tributary of Dong Nai River, due to alluvial
deposition, it is only suitable for small ships. Therefore, Cat Lai Port approves berth
types of ships that can be docked at Cat Lai port including feeder vessels, barges and
container ships.
a) Feeder vessels:
- Feeder vessels are medium-size freight ships that take containers from transshipment
ports to mother boats for transit over longer distances (can carry 1500 – 3000
containers).
- Feeder vessels are accepted at Cat Lai Port because they can transport a variety of
goods in the form of compartments (the absolute tonnage is around 20000 DWT),
 these will be faster and cost for one-time transportation will be lower, and less fuel
will be used, resulting in lower emissions into the environment.

(Picture 17: Feeder vessels)

b) Container ships:
- Container ships are cargo ships designed to transport large amounts of cargo packed
into various types of containers (1,000 to 5,000 TEUs). Most seagoing non-bulk cargo
is currently transported by container ships, which are a major mode of commercial17
intermodal freight transit. Container ships are approved at Cat Lai Port because they
can transport a wide range of commodities, travel vast distances, and survive adverse
weather conditions.
 (Picture 18: Container ship)

2.2 Why don't they let bigger ships dock to carry more goods?
a) Depth of the harbor:
- Cat Lai Port is one of the key ports and is located in the center of Ho Chi Minh City
area. One of the biggest reasons why the port cannot allow too many ships or ships
with large tonnage to dock to maximize the cargo capacity is because of the limitation
of the depth of the Saigon River, the depth before wharf is only 12.5m. If the ship is
large, it can seriously affect sea traffic and the ship's facilities and Cat Lai port.

(Picture 19: Cat Lai Harbor)

- Cat Lai port is capable of receiving at the same time 7 container ships with a tonnage
of 30,000 - 40,000 DWT, equivalent to a carrying capacity of over 2,000 TEUs. The
total length of the pier is 200 including 9 ships and 1 buoy. The depth of the river
when there is no low tide is -8.6m and in front of the wharf for unloading ships and
goods is -12m when there is no high tide. Therefore, large ships over 2,900TEUs are
not allowed to enter and exit Cat Lai port because it can lead to aground and unsafe
for ships.
b) Distance from port to estuary:
- While Cat Lai port bed is deep enough to receive large ships, the distance from
the port to the estuary is quite far. This results in large vessels having to wait to
enter the port, causing congestion and impeding commercial activity.
- In 2021, the time after social distancing according to Directive 16, Cat Lai port was
seriously overloaded with goods pouring into the port. Because the backlog of
imported containers has increased rapidly because many businesses have temporarily
suspended production and business to implement the distance according to the
directive. Cat Lai Port had to stop receiving oversized, oversized, overloaded cargoes,
etc. due to too many cargo ships leading to a backlog of goods.

(Picture 20: Cat Lai port area)

c) Cargo handling capacity:

- The maximum exploitation of cargo handling capacity at Cat Lai port is based on
the port's existing capabilities and technology. And the use of vessels with larger
tonnage does not necessarily guarantee this optimization. Even picking up ships
with a larger tonnage leads to an increase in loading and unloading time and
costs of loading and unloading goods, and at the same time makes it difficult to
manage traffic and protect the environment.
- Limiting tonnage also helps to ensure safer and more efficient loading and unloading.
In addition, ships with larger tonnage need to use specialized docking infrastructure
and equipment to ensure safe and efficient loading and unloading of goods, but
conventional ports are not equipped with such facilities. full range of these devices.
 Therefore, to ensure safe and efficient docking operations, ports usually only allow
ships with a tonnage suitable for their docking infrastructure and equipment.
- Therefore, the port cannot receive too many ships at the same time or ships with large
tonnage docked. As it can seriously affect the safety of ships and ports, and also to sea
traffic in the area.

3. Definition of lashing; Basic principles in the process of performing cargo

lashing operations.

Lashing is the process of tying goods using straps, ropes or load-bearing fibers to ensure that
goods on ships, containers or pallets are fixed and safe during transportation.

 Make sure the goods are firmly fixed, preventing them from moving or falling off the
vehicle during transportation.
 Avoid unexpected damage (dumping, dented goods, etc.).
 Reduce the risk of accidents during long-distance transportation.
 ( Picture 21: 4 ways to lashing )
Basic principles in the process of performing cargo lashing operations:

 It is necessary to check the condition of pallets and tools before lashing: Checking pallets
and tools before lashing is very important to ensure safety during the transportation of
goods. A thorough inspection helps detect potential problems early that could be
dangerous, such as damaged pallets or substandard lashing tools. International and local
lashing regulations require pre-lashing inspection to ensure compliance with safety
standards.
 Heavy goods must be stacked below, light goods above:. To avoid unbalanced and
unstable situations, it is necessary to check to ensure that the tonnage is evenly
distributed across the container and transport vehicle.
 Do not stack goods that spill out of the pallet: if goods spill out onto the pallet, the boxes
will be affected first, causing distortion on the outside, and worse, causing damage to the
goods inside
 Limits on height of goods when stacked on pallets The maximum allowable height when
loading goods on pallets is 1.6m, calculated from the floor to the highest position of the
package. This limit helps reduce the risk of goods tipping over and creates favorable
conditions for palletizing workers as well as ensuring forklift drivers' visibility is not
obstructed when moving pallets. This is a general standard applied to ensure safety
during transportation and storage
 It is necessary to tie and pad the packages together to form a block. This helps minimize
the movement of goods during transportation, thereby avoiding the situation of goods
being broken or damaged. When goods are tightly secured, the risk of falling from the
transport vehicle or causing other dangerous situations is significantly reduced. Reduce
shipping costs and unwanted damages, thereby lowering product prices to compete.
Proper dunnage binding helps reduce disputes and complaints about goods from the
recipient. These measures ensure that goods are always preserved in the best condition
throughout the transportation process, from warehouse to warehouse. to the final
destination.
 Labels on packages should be left on the outside when loading goods. Labels contain
essential information such as postal code, country, tracking number, date, quantity,
weight, and address, Helps carriers know specific information about each package. Helps
track goods at each stage of the shipping process and ensures they arrive at the correct
 destination, helping to comply with shipping regulations, especially international,
including information on cargo content and shipping method. Helps workers during
loading, unloading and transportation avoid mistakes and handle goods correctly.

 All types of cargo must be arranged and tied tightly so as not to cause danger to the ship
and people on board.
 Safe stowage and lashing of cargo depends on proper planning, implementation and
supervision.
 Personnel handling and lashing the cargo must be suitably trained and must have
sufficient experience.
 Those who plan and supervise the arrangement and lashing of goods must have good
practical knowledge.
 In all cases, improper stowage and lashing of cargo will jeopardize the lashing of other
cargo and endanger the safety of the cargo vessel.
 Decisions on loading and lashing measures should be based on the most severe weather
conditions the vessel is likely to encounter during its voyage.
 The captain's decision to steer the ship, especially in bad weather conditions, must pay
attention to the type and position of cargo and lashing arrangements.
(Hàng hải kỹ thuật, 2014)

4. List the basic parameters of containers & how to check container status

The basic parameters of containers

- Owner’s code and serial number.

- Check digit.

- Size and type codes.

- Information about the allowable packing capacity of the container:

 MAX. GROSS: Total maximum allowable weight of the container, including when
packed (including dunnage items in the container) Expressed in 2 units: Kg and LB (1
kg ~ 2.2 lbs)
 TARE: Net weight of container shell.
 NET (Or PAYLOAD or MAX.C.W): Maximum weight of goods packed into the
container.
  CU.CAP (CUBIC CAPACITY): Number of cubic meters in the container, calculated
in cubic meters and cubic feet.

- Owner’s logo or name.

- Container Safety Convention.

(marketing, 2022)

=> In addition to the necessary information on the container, the manufacturer also has
different codes on the container (warning information on the container) to guide the use of
the container and notes when loading goods. Furthermore, there are some specific
containers that will not have specific information such as information about height, load, and
reinforcement materials (if any).

How to check container status

1. Check the outside of the Container

When we observe and detect traces of tears, holes, distortions due to impact, we must check
the roof and corners of the Container because this is an area that is often overlooked but is an
important factor of Containers related to transportation safety.

2. Check inside the Container

You must check the water tightness by closing the door from the inside and observing the
light rays passing through to detect holes or cracks. Check the rivets and rivets for damage or
protrusion. Check the cover covering other equipment such as cold air duct vents.
3. Check the Container door

Check the operating situation when opening and closing the door and the latch to ensure the
door opens and closes safely. Sealed to prevent water from entering the container.

4. Check the container's hygiene status

The container must be clean, dry, and free of odors and dirt.

If the goods are packed into a container that does not meet hygiene standards, it will cause
damage to the goods and will easily be rejected when detected by health authorities.

5. Check specifications

The technical parameters of the container are recorded on the outer shell, including:

+ Maximum weight or gross tonnage of the container (Maximum Gross Weight) when the
container is filled to the allowable safety limit. It includes the maximum allowable cargo
weight plus the container weight.

+ Net load of the container (Maximum Payload) is the maximum weight of goods allowed in
the container. It includes the weight of goods, packaging, pallets, and materials used to dunk
and support goods in the container.

+ Container weight (Tare Weight) Depends on the materials used to make the container.

+ Container internal capacity means the maximum cargo volume of the container.

(Công ty TNHH Giao nhận vận tải biển Liên Anh)

CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER IV: REFERENCES

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http://catlaiport.com.vn/gioi-thieu/pages/he-thong-co-so-ha-tang-va-trang-thiet-
bi.aspx
2. HVT, Công ty TNHH TM&DV xuất nhập khẩu. (2022, 10 31). Được truy lục
từ CẢNG CÁT LÁI Ở ĐÂU? QUY MÔ VÀ LỊCH SỬ HÌNH THÀNH CỦA
CẢNG CÁT LÁI: https://hvtlogistics.vn/kinh-nghiem/cang-cat-lai-o-dau.html
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xanh.html
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quan trọng của Logistics xanh như thế nào? Retrieved December 19, 2023,
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