Microsoft Access 2016 this chapter AO RUC Oe een ae ae in the previous class, you have learnt Setting up Criteria in MS Access about database, its objects, creating tables in datasheet view, creating forms to enter the records and generating reports in MS Access. A computerized database acts as a container that contains various objects like tables, forms and report. One database may contain multiple tables. For example, the student database may have a table to refer to personal details, the other to Tepresent academic details and another to show the account details. At times, a teacher may need to extract different information to generate a report card, which definitely requires your personal and academic details whereas to check the class outstanding fee, the accountant may require pulling the personal and account details. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a great help in such scenarios. In order to establish this connection between different tables of database, concept of Keys is useful. The keys in database are used to establish relationship among different database tables. A key in database can be one field or its combination. Letus study different types of keys used ina RDBMS. 4 Primary Key field in a table that uniquely identifies a record (also called as tuple) can be used as primary key. The Onditions to be a primary key are: Ttmust contain unique values for each record across table. Itmust not be Null. et Awan\ Candidate Key A teBle May Have multiple fields that can be used to identify a record uniquely. One of them is use, Primary key. All such keys are referred as Candi Super Key Acombination of fields that uniquely identifies a record is referred to as a Super Key. Generally a Super j, created inthe absence of a primary keyi.e. when an individual field is not enough to identify a record Let's create a relational database and generate different kind of information using queries. We need to c;. different tables fora database. Mi 1. Click on Table Design from Create tab under Tables group. idate Keys. Su Rec e 2. Goto Table name in the left side menu, right click on the Table name ant id select Design View. Ther Table name in the Dialog box and click on OK. 3. Typethe field name and choose an appropriate datatype. After selecting the datatype, its proper displayed in the lower pane. Description is optional that includes additional informasion ' references. : 4. Ensure assigning a field as primary key by selecting the field that uniquely identifies the sec : primary key button under Design tab of Table tools Ribbon. rd and click=x = ee | | | aoe Pee eases cote maaictd haan eves a cael ens habeas hain Poms = = eral erslanhas ssi seteion For poe — Tees unapauenalhaaeoutan sw ee Number student's Agel ee we moti aes inane aoe raws - es Seeiaa | see leoaieen. _ SSeS | pe Mast = Ee senetererennsencabane cree Kc ae hero Requees me 4 ee 3 ‘Sman Tags | 5. Close the table from the right top of the table. A dialog box appears for the confirmation to save it. Click on Saveto save the table. Once the table is created, itis accessible from the Navigation Pane on the left hand side under Table Object. Setting-up-Field Properties ‘Once we create a table and decide on the fields required, MS Access also allows setting-up the field properties These field properties let the user define the rules for the data to be entered in those fields. The properties of different fields vary based on the datatype used for them. Field Size: We can use the Field Size property to set the maximum size for data stored in a field. This property works with the Text, Number, or AutoNumber datatype. Caption: This property lets you define a more relevant name to ‘the field used as a reference. Required: This property defines whether the field may or may not contain a value. Setting it Yes means that while entering data into the table, this field must contain a value and vice-versa Validation Rule: Validation rules let users set the conditions for the inputs in a field. It restricts users from inputting any values in the wrong format against the defined rules. For example, we can enter Validation rule for Stu_Age field as <=18 to disallow the entry of the age above19. Microsoft Access 2016 NASA an invalid data in the field agg) ‘ Validation Text: Thi i 4 ext This property provides a message to the users who oe : the validation rules mat and help them to enter the correct values in the desired fol ate } For example, if validati n be entered as "Age of st, if ion rule is <=18 for a stu_age field, the validation text cal 9 Of sty must be below 19”. | fiel a d. Default Value : This value will be automatically inserted into the field while entering a recor MeO koe To insert a new field in an existing table, open the table in design view. Select the field above which you want to insert a new field. Right click and select Insert Rows. It inser new field above the selected field. ‘To delete afield in an existing table, open the table in design view. Select the field which you want to delete. Right click and select Delete Rows. It then display a confirmaty box to confirm if you're sure to delete the field. Click Yes to delete the record. ‘Student's Scholar Number Text Name of the student as mentioned in Admission Form ‘Name of Student's Father as in Admission Form. Text ‘Name of Student's Mother as in Admission Form. Date/Time ‘Student's Date of Birth as in Admission Form Number Student's Age Number ‘Number Father's Phone Mother's Phone . Feit Pnenies Ifyou delete a field, all data of the respective field will be lost from the table. DDO The first database management system was the Integrated Database System. It was designed by Charles W. Bachman in 1960. Computer -81, What is primary key? 2. What is the use of Caption property? 3. What is Validation text? gives a yy x 4, Name the tab that contains the primary key button. The feature that makes a relational database a real powerful tool is to quickly retrieve and analyze data using queries. Queries in MS Access allow the user to retrieve information from one or multiple tables based on the defined criteria. The search criteria in queries can be one ora set of conditions. MS Access 2010 allows creating queries in two ways: Query Wizard Itis the simplest way to create a query in MS Access. It comes with the pre-defined set of instructions where 2 . user can provide inputs and define conditions to generate required information from one or multiple tables of the database. Query Design Itisanother method to create a query which gives the user flexibility to modify and edit the query. | a bce Clickon the Query Wizard button under Create Tab. feu tec @) Sw ERE NN‘the Query Wizard. Select the table from the drop down list of Tables/Quere ds gets filled with the field names of the selected table. paeN Ta (Wc fl do you mann you ary? ‘Youcan coon fem more hn one tte gry, 4. Use the buttons in between the available and selected fields (>, ss, < select, then click arrow button (>) to move it into the selected field, Once selected field list, Click on Next. <<). Choose the fields that you "2" ce all the required fields are moved" “sRight Arrows are used to transfer one or all the fields from the Available Fields to Selected Fields lst whereas the left arrows are used to deselect and send the selected fields back to available fields. . Summary allows the user to generate customized query such as total count or sum of data of the fields. £2 rigor Try to give validation rule for fields in order to maintain data integrity.iful name to the query under Title Text Box and choose Open the query t, “nace bene ert te 0 a eyavvart epee gary mot tae Se? Vipin Saxena Kailash Gupta 789650000 VinamraMishr 854120000 KedarNath 985480000Y/Y erro ———\ tine It opens up a new query with a Show Table dialog box to choose existing Tables, Queries or Both from the existing database. Select the table Stu_personal under Tables tab and then click on Add icon, ‘Show Table [a] om Once added, close the Show Table dialog box. It shows all fields of the selected table in a window under the new query in upper half whereas the lower half of the query shows the Query Design Grid used to add fields foe tDie — AMR Let us understand the Query eee ‘ Design grid. || (shows all selected Bee ol) ltcensawenen | Field - It displays the selected | Side field names from the table. Lee . Table - The name of the corresponding table is given below each field name. }. Sort - It is used to arrange data _ in ascending or descending | order. les Show - It displays the check box to show or hide the field in query. Criteria - It contains the condition on the basis of which the records will be displayed in query. ‘3. Or-This property is used to set multiple criteria ina query. ae Microsoft Access 2016 | @) Tagn (1) and all the fields of the table, Do oa 0 wed i can choose the required fig, Alternatively, you Vihan Saxena Mrs. Kavita Aastha Gupta Aditi Gupta Priyanka Mishr Khyati Mishra poe Priya Rawat A Prk ke) Query grid allows setting up criteria to show the resultant data. Sy those students who are above 13 years in age from our exampl defined under the field of Stu_Age. Let us study the steps involved, iso! IPPose if we want to see the reco” i le table Stu Personal. This criteri® FEI Computer - 81, Add the Stu_Age field in the query grid. ; . Uncheck the checkbox so it won't be displayed as resultant data. 3, Write greater than 13 (>13) in the criteria column under the Stu_Age field. Stu_M_Name stuMPno Stu Age Fiela: | stu 10 Table: | stu_personat Stu_personal Stu_personal Sort: Shem a a 4 o Criteria: ord or. 4. Save and execute the query. zeta a greet ip fee jetscerale Abts eat ae Apne te i ie ‘Aastha Gupta Aditi Gupta Pulkit Priya Rawat r Parents, Encourage your child to divide large data into smaller tables so that it can be maintained easily. »they need the student name and ther may 'u_Academics respectively, To generate e ‘we need to create a relationship among them. A relationship is created among tables tables, mostideally a Primary’ Key. The steps to generate a query using multiple tables 1 lick on Relationships under Database Tools Tab bs 1S Computer -8 > . pyeeeere__., =~(b) Tocreate a relationship, simply drag a field from one of the table to a field on the other table. The condition to create a relation between tables is that, itis mandatory for both the fields to have identical data type in each table. Edit Relationships dialog box appears. Edit Relationships |teeey. _— aontratoey (BilAcodemcs Su personal _ : cor | {stu _]stuj0 Sani L as eae ate Clinforce Referental Integrity S ‘StI ‘Stu_Name Eng_F_Name ‘Stu_M_Name Stu_DOB Stu_Age Connecting Line Represents Relation Click Query Wizard under Create tab and choose Simple Query Wizard from the dialog box, then click on Next. . Select table Stu_Personal from Tables/Queries |ist to select personal information of the student (Stu_ID, Stu_Name, Stu_F_Name) and move the fields from Available Fields to Selected Fields list. Microsoft Access 2016 === AS4. Now select the other table Stu Academics fr ' “Students (Eng_Lang, Eng_Lit, Math, SSt. Scier 1 Tables/Queries ech fits do you marin your ery Yovcan choose tam mare har one tae or ae") Det» =_ Type the name of the query. Click on Finish to view the information Simple Query Wizard What tie do you want for your query? ‘Student_Pertormance_Report| That's all the information the wizard needs to ceate your query. Do you want to open the query or modify the query’s desion?” © Open the query to vew information. O Meaty the query design. The query wizard then shows up a detailed performance information which can later be accessed under Query Object from the Navigation pane. Aastha Gupta Priyanka Mishra Vinarra Mish utkit Keaarnath AMEE Reports are the formatted version of data, used to display it in a presentable manner. MS Access allows creating the reports based on tables and queries both. You can generate a report anytime for a table or query by selecting the table/query from navigation pane and clicking on Report under Create Tab. The report wizard helps in creating Presentable organized reports. The data in report cannot be edited. The steps to generate a report using Report Wardare a = Microsoft Access 2016items and click on Next. ee Do you nant t at any gasag wo | . ea] me -= =| 4 {WS Computer - 8 MLM T a 3. Use grouping to group the items under available categories, if required. Click on Next. 2. Choose the query from the drop down list and move the fields from Available Fields to Selected FiApply sorting of data if needed and Click on Next. Report Wizard: Sidi i What sort order do you want for your records? You can sort records by up to four feds, m ether ascending or descending order4 pane oyu nart yur oer? 6. Type the title for your report. Choose ‘Preview the ite oe do you Su jhe report’ and click on Finish | hats of he norma rents cea ng po youmant io preview he report modly erp, foe @ ever be reco Ott eo eae 1986420000 | 02 Mes. Kava 1848210000 reece) You can see the generated report in tabular format sorted alphabetically ‘on Stu_Name field. 1, Double Click on ————— Sign to add all the fi 2. Query Wizard button lies under the Create tab in group. eee . = Fepresents the data in formatted and Presentable manner, is used to retrieve information from table: ields in query. ined criteria, 's based on the defin 213 Computer -8—_— »y > Relational Database store data in number of separate but linked tables. > Primary key uniquely identifies each record ina table. > Super keys is a combination of fields that uniquely identifies a record in a table. > Tables can be created in Design view or Datasheet view. > Queries allow the user to retrieve data from one or multiple tables based on criteria > Queries can be created in two ways- using Query Wizard or using Query Design. > Reports represent data in a formatted and a presentable manner. (A) Fi ith the help of the Deed 1. Query Design button lies under tab in Queries group. 2. key is a combination of fields that uniquely identifies a record in a table. aE Property is used to set maximum size of data stored in a field. 4, is used to display records in ascending or descending order in query. ---| Super, Sort, Create, Field size < — (=r) Microsoft Access 2016 4 tComoe ap FeeOPUCAon enn 1. Write the main steps of creating a report 2. Write different methods of creating query. { 3. How can we insert or delete a field from a table in MS Access? 4. Describe the process of creating queries using multiple tables in MS Access. a ee eee in eR Sd 1. Primary key can contain a null value 2. Default value property is used to give a more relevant name to the field. 3. Ifyou delete a field, all the data of the respective field will be lost from the table. 4, Table can only be created in Design view. Microsoft Access 2016 RSSSSS, AMS To know in this chapter >» ™ FT RT Od Run CU LUE Rd HTMLis a mark-up language which uses and commands to create web pages. Some of its important features are: + HTML tags label content such as heading, paragraph, table etc. + Thewebsites you view on the internet are actually text files that consist of HTML tags. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors like Notepad and TextEdit HTML files created in notepad should be saved with html extension. /AEEE Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page. In HTML, images are added with the tag. The tag is an empty tag. To display an image ona page, you need to use the src attribute. Syntax: ‘sre stands for the source value of the src attribute which is the URL (address) of the image that you want to display on your web page. SS ‘st toma Yan Hep | chtal> “head>ctitlerinage tag in htalc/titler Codes written on HTML Output displayed on web browser ‘img src = “ile name” alt= "text to be dsplayed”> “evspace> | displayed on web page. Specifies the location of the imag Specifies an alternate text for an the user for some reason cannc image. It only shows the text related that image Defines the width of the image. “img sre = "file name” height = height in pixel> | Defines the height of the image. Used to set border of the image “ | Used to set horizontal space of the ime It specifies vertical space of the image zalign> | Alignment of the image within the text = InHTML, the tagis used to center-align the text or images tag do not allow center alignment, so tag is very useful when we have to align 9 center. Syntax: content Example: ne | a k } S80 sda leon emis of cer

pyres = GM Computer -8 NG TTMME imaHTML tag defines a moving piece of text or image in the HTML document that scrolls across page in a vertical or horizontal direction depending on the settings. By default, text found within the marquee> tag will scroll from right to left. ntax: text to be scrolled ple: Dineen Stat to Yaw ental chead>ctitlerital marquee tage/titler ‘ ‘emarquee>This is an_ example of marquee tage/marquee? caarquee direction="dowr">The direction of marquee text will be from bottom to topc/marquee> tag also supports the following attributes: PN Bed AraC) «marquee behavior = “scroll/slide/alternate’> | Defines the type of scrolling bgcolor | Defines the background color of the marquee. 4 direction | | Specifies the direction of scrolling the content. height | Sets the height of marquee. = width | Sets the width of marquee. —a Exploring HTMLS “a i> a, [ee on a oe opDefines horizontal space aroung te marquee. 7 Defines vertical space around the marquee Specifies the number of default value is INFINITE, why | that the marquee loops enc Ea ‘below the normal lire Sa smaller size above the roms 2+y2=0, 2is superscript Desuac/sup> + yesupr2c/oug> - 0prong Py cake a 1. Which attribute of marquee tag is used to change the type of scrolling? i behaviour = 2. Which tag is used to align text or image in the center? cenber taq 3, Which character is uséd to indicate the closing tag in HTML? fronb — slanb 4, What is the extension of an HTML file? shtm) ar -him Mi ren es When you need to present data in a tabular form, you can use tag. Tables are divided into rows and columns that can be created using ,

and	tag, Data in a row can be added by using	tag which is called the data container. Tables can be used to organize calendars, schedules, statistics, or other types of information. A table cell may contain any sort of information, including numbers, text elements, images and multimedia objects. Table Structure a RE, “ctable>_..

| Creates a table with the combination of rows and columns. “.. Creates Table header. ... Creates Table row. dso

| Creates Table cell data. Defines a Table capi For example, we have to display the following table. Firstname Lastname ‘Age John Smith 55 Mark Jackson 44 Mishel Doe 60 Exploring HTMLS ennde will be as follows.ee able Attributes v7 align left/right/center'> | To align table to the left, right or center. bgcolor

Change the background color. border To set the border. cellspacing To create space between the cells. cellpadding To create space between cell data and border. width To define the width of table, value can be defined in pixels or % (It is better to give in %) Attributes of , Par erie conic ae Change the background color of a row bgcolor | To set the border color of a row or a cell. - a». | Vertically aligns the ae th valign="top/midale/bottom> | Yer ly aligns the content of a row or width

and	tags. We can design a row or a cell of a table separately by using different attributes of
and	tags. Following table lists the main attributes of these tags. PaaS, Cet 4 ies " To align content of a row or a cell to the align
oracell. We
Define width of a cell in percentage. height i etd height = 50%> Define height of a cell in percentage.“| Adding a Border Ifyou do not specify attribute. ‘a border for the table, i wi be displayes Celipadding and Celispacing Rie : gis the space between the edge ofthe celand Cellspacing is the space between cells. a Se eae ei eed fascocterss Banana ae [Gem : 5 Table should have « Background colour yellow « Border 4 + Celispacing 3 » Width 70% gE computer“ eee be fo) eee pels ZA links are found in nearly all web pages. Links permit users to click their way from page to page. HTML links are ayperiinks. A hyperlink is a text or image which connects a web page to another web page or another part of the same web page. A hyperlink contains a reference (an address) to a web page. When you move the mouse aver a link, the mouse arrow will convert into a little hand symbol, clicking on which another web page or another section opens. A hyperlink need not be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element. InHTML Anchor tag is used to create hyperlinks Syntax: text to be used as hyperlink hrefattribute of tag specifies the location to which the created hyperlink will be linked Example: Visit our online tutorial HTML Links After clicking on this link, the following page will appear. | HTMLS is a collaborative effort between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) for creating websites. 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