A Seminar by
Prof K Raghavendra Rao
Principal, College of Engineering & Technology
Sri Krishnadevaraya University
ANANTAPURAMU
24.06.2017
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Plan of Presentation
➢ What is Internet of Things?
➢ How IoT Works?
➢ Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
➢ Knowledge Management – From Data to Wisdom
➢ The Future of IoT
➢ The Potential of IoT
➢ Few Applications of IoT
➢ Technological Challenges of IoT
➢ Criticisms & Controversies of IoT
➢ References
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What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these
objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration between the
physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting
in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
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"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety
of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis
devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or
field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search
and rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the help of
various existing technologies and then autonomously flow
the data between other devices.
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History of IoT
The concept of the Internet of Things first became
popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and
related market-analysis publications. Kevin Ashton coined
the term IoT.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) was seen as a
prerequisite for the IoT at that point. If all objects and
people in daily life were equipped with identifiers,
computers could manage and inventory them. Besides
using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through
such technologies as near field communication, barcodes,
QR codes, bluetooth, and digital watermarking.
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How IoT Works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel
technology; instead, several complementary technical
developments (ex: Car) provide capabilities that taken together
help to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world.
These capabilities include:
➢ Communication and cooperation Data is stored
➢ Addressability
➢ Identification
➢ Sensing
➢ Actuation
➢ Embedded information processing
➢ Localization
➢ User interfaces
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How IoT Works?
RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech
To identify To collect To enhance To make the
and track and process the power of smaller and
the data the data to the network smaller
of things detect the by devolving things have
changes in processing the ability to
the physical capabilities to connect and
status of different part interact.
things of the
network.
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The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network
consisting of networks of devices and computers
connected through a series of intermediate technologies
where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.
➢ Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability
by RFIDs.
➢ Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data
from the environment.
➢ Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
➢ Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It
can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control.
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Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”
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IoT as a Network of Networks:
These networks connected with added security, analytics, and
management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve.
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Knowledge Management –
Turning Data into Wisdom
The more data that is created, the better understanding and
wisdom people can obtain. 11
The Future of IoT
"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with IoT."
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The Potential of IoT
GE’s estimates on potential of just ONE percent savings
applied using IoT across global industry sectors. 13
Unlock the Massive potential of IoT
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Technology roadmap of IoT
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Applications of IoT
"The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to Automate Human Life."
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Few Applications of IoT
✓Building and Home automation
✓Manufacturing
✓Medical and Healthcare systems
✓Media
✓Environmental monitoring
✓Infrastructure management
✓Energy management
✓Transportation
✓Better quality of life for elderly
✓... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT!
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Sensors in even the holy cow!
In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected
and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle.
This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of
milk for people to consume. On average, each cow
generates about 200 MB of information per year. 21
Of course, we know nothing remains static, especially
when it comes to the Internet. Initiatives and advances,
such as Cisco‘s Planetary Skin, GE’s Industrial Internet,
HP‘s central nervous system for the earth (CeNSE), and
smart dust, have the potential to add millions—even
billions—of sensors to the Internet.
As cows, water pipes, people, and even shoes, trees,
and animals become connected to IoT, the world has the
potential to become a better place.
“With a trillion sensors embedded in the
environment—all connected by computing systems,
software, and services—it will be possible to hear the
heartbeat of the Earth, impacting human interaction with
the globe as profoundly as the Internet has revolutionized
communication.” - Peter Hartwell, Senior Researcher, HP
Labs.
“How much more IoT can do is only left to your
imagination”
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Internet of Things is the next stage of the
information revolution and referenced the inter-
connectivity of everything from urban transport to
medical devices to household appliances.
Integration with the Internet implies that devices
will use an IP address as a unique identifier. However,
due to the limited address space of IPv4 (which allows
for 4.3 billion unique addresses), objects in the IoT will
have to use IPv6 to accommodate the extremely large
address space required.
Objects in the IoT will not only be devices with
sensory capabilities, but also provide actuation
capabilities (e.g., bulbs or locks controlled over the
Internet).
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On the other hand, IoT systems could also be
responsible for performing actions, not just sensing
things. Intelligent shopping systems, for example,
could monitor specific users' purchasing habits in a
store by tracking their specific mobile phones. These
users could then be provided with special offers on
their favourite products, or even location of items that
they need, which their fridge has automatically
conveyed to the phone.
Additional examples of sensing and actuating are
reflected in applications that deal with heat, electricity
and energy management, as well as cruise-assisting
transportation systems. Other applications that the
Internet of Things can provide is enabling extended
home security features and home automation.
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HAPIfork
The HAPIfork is an electronic
fork that helps you monitor
and track your eating habits.
It also alerts you with the help
of indicator lights and gentle
vibrations when you are eating
too fast.
http://www.hapi.com/products-hapifork.asp
Glucose Monitoring
A cellular-powered glucose
meter transmits each test result
to a secure server and provides
instant feedback and coaching
to patients. This equips doctors,
nurses, diabetes educators with
real-time clinical data.
http://www.telcare.com/
Smart Washing Machine
Smart Aqualtis is the first Indesit
Company washing machine
designed to be integrated in
‘Smart’ ecosystems, covering a
wide range of use cases.
http://zigbee.org/Products/ByStandard/AllStandards.aspx
Hydroponic System
Niwa is the first fully automated
hydroponic system that attends
to all of your plants’ needs and
water them, feed them and make
sure they have optimal growing
conditions 24/7.
http://getniwa.com/
Blood Pressure Monitor
Simply slip on the cuff, turn on
the Wireless Blood Pressure
Monitor and the Health Mate app
will automatically launch.
http://www.withings.com/us/blood-pressure-monitor.html
Smart Weather Station
The Netatmo Weather Station
allows you to use indoor
temperature, relative humidity
and CO2 readings to live in a
healthier home.
http://www.netatmo.com/en-US/product/weather-station/
Smart Garbage Cans
BigBelly alerts when it needs to
be emptied so smarter collection
decisions can be made.
http://www.bigbelly.com/solutions/stations/smartbelly/
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Smart Socks
Socks infused with proprietary
100% textile sensors. They are
paired with a Bluetooth Smart
cool and detachable anklet
that delivers accuracy in step
counting, speed, calories, altitude
and distance tracking.
http://store.sensoriafitness.com/
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IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING 36
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
▪ Scalability
▪ Technological Standardization
▪ Inter operability
▪ Discovery
▪ Software complexity
▪ Data volumes and interpretation
▪ Power Supply
▪ Interaction and short range communication
▪ Wireless communication
▪ Fault tolerance
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by
P.Divyavani
Under the Research Supervision of
Prof. K. Raghavendra Rao
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SRI KRISHNADEVARAYA UNIVERSITY
ANANTAPUR – 515 003 (A.P.), INDIA.
Measurement and Monitoring of Soil Moisture Using IoT Technology
Photograph of the hardware developed in the present study. The sensing unit consisting of the
sensor with CC3200 LaunchPad (left). The sensing unit connected to the Wi-Fi router (right).
The developed system is analyzing soil moisture in different soils. CC3200 LaunchPad is used to acquire the
values from the sensor and uploaded these values to Cloud and these values are stored in Cloud is shown in
figures
CC2650 Sensor Tag
➢CC2650 Sensor Tag has 10-low
power MEMS (micro-
electromechanical systems) sensors
embedded in a tiny module.
➢ It has CC2650 wireless MCU with
Bluetooth low energy. The Bluetooth
low energy is Sub-1GHz and the
range is up to 50m/150ft.
➢It is based on IEEE 802.15.4 based
protocol.
➢The sensor Tag is connected, and
the data is uploaded to the cloud
using Bluetooth low energy and the
data is in online with in 3 min
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LIST OF ON-BOARD SENSORS
•Infrared and Ambient Temperature sensor
(TMP007)
•Ambient Light Sensor (OPT3001):
•Humidity sensor (HDC1000):
•Barometric Pressure Sensor (BMP280):
•9-Axis Motion Tracking Device-
Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Compass (MPU-
9250):
•Magnet sensor (MK24):
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How to connect the Sensor Tag with your
Smartphone?
1. Go to Google Apps
2. Type SimpleLink SensorTag
3. Select the App with the Symbol
4. Download the APP
5. Enable the on your mobile
6. Click on the APP
7. Wait for 20-30 sec.
8. You will see the following on your mobile
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Environmental data Displayed on Mobile Phone
AS3935(Lightning Sensor)
Salient Features of AS3935
• AS3935 is a Lightning Sensor. It detects
the presence and approach of potentially
hazardous lightning activity in the vicinity
and provides an estimation on the
distance (40Km) to the head of the storm.
•The AS3935 can also provide information on
the noise level and inform the external unit in
case of high noise conditions, with the noise
floor generation and noise floor evaluation
blocks.
• It is works on using SPI/I2C protocols.
• Works on 2.4-5.5V DC supply.
Criticisms and Controversies of IoT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have
doubts about the promises of the ubiquitous
computing revolution, in the areas as:
▪ Privacy
▪ Security
▪ Autonomy and Control
▪ Social control
▪ Political manipulation
▪ Design
▪ Environmental impact
▪ Influences human moral decision making
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References
1. www.google.com
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
3. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the Next
Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, by Dave Evans,
April 2011.
4. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service", by Shyam
Varan Nath, Principal Architect.
5. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, MIMOS Berhad, Wisma IEM, Petaling Jaya
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THANK YOU
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Working at Procter and Gamble, he had
come up with the idea of attaching RFID
chips to consumer goods to automatically
track stock levels in stores.
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