2023 Lecture Notes of Web Technology

with .NET

Web Technology with

.NET

Introduction

Dharmendra Bhatti 1

Web

lThe World Wide Web (WWW), commonly

known as the Web, is an information
system enabling information to be shared
over the Internet

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2023 Lecture Notes of Web Technology
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History

l1996 Active Server Pages (ASP)

l1997 ASP 2.0
l2000 ASP 3.0
l2002 ASP.NET 1.0
l2005 ASP.NET 2.0
l2006 ASP.NET 3.0
l2010 ASP.NET 4.0

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History
l2016 ASP.NET Core
l2017 ASP.NET Core 2.0
l2019 ASP.NET Core 3.0 (ONLY supports
.NET Core NOT .NET Framework)
l2020 ASP.NET Core 5.0
l2021 ASP.NET Core 6.0
l2022 ASP.NET Core 7.0

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.NET Framework

lThe .NET Framework (pronounced as "dot

net") is a proprietary software framework
developed by Microsoft that runs primarily
on Microsoft Windows.

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.NET Framework Component Stack

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.NET Core

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Everything is NuGet

lNuGet (pronounced "New Get") is a

package manager, primarily used for
packaging and distributing software written
using the .NET framework.

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.NET Core Composition

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.NET Core Composition

lCLI Tools: A set of tooling for development

and deployment.
lRoslyn: Language compiler for C# and
Visual Basic
lCoreFX: Set of framework libraries.
lCoreCLR: A JIT based CLR (Command
Language Runtime).

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.NET

l.NET (formerly named .NET Core) is a

free and open-source, managed computer
software framework for Windows, Linux,
and macOS operating systems.

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.NET

lIt is a cross-platform successor to .NET

Framework.

lThe project is mainly developed by

Microsoft employees by way of the .NET
Foundation, and released under an MIT
License.

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What is ASP.NET Core?

lASP.NET Core is an open source and

cloud-optimized framework for developing
web applications

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ASP.NET Core

lOpen Source
lCross Platform
lDependency Injection
lCloud Friendly
lFaster

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Advantages of ASP.NET Core

lBuild and run cross-platform ASP.NET

apps on Windows, Mac and Linux.
lBuilt on .NET Core, which supports true
side-by-side app versioning.
lSingle aligned web stack for Web UI and
Web APIs.
lCloud-ready environment-based
configuration.
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Advantages of ASP.NET Core

lBuilt-in support for dependency injection.

lTag Helpers which makes Razor markup
more natural with HTML.
lAbility to host on IIS or self-host in your
own process.
lIntegration with Modern UI Frameworks
¡It allows you to use and manage modern UI
frameworks such as AngularJS, ReactJS,
Umber, Bootstrap, etc. using Bower (a package
manager for the web).
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Choose an ASP.NET Core web UI

lBenefits vs. costs of server and client

rendered UI
¡Apps that render UI from the server.
¡Apps that render UI on the client in the browser.
¡Hybrid apps that take advantage of both server
and client UI rendering approaches. For
example, most of the web UI is rendered on the
server, and client rendered components are
added as needed.

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Choose an ASP.NET Core web UI

lBenefits vs. costs of server and client

rendered UI
¡Apps that render UI from the server.
¡Apps that render UI on the client in the browser.
¡Hybrid apps that take advantage of both server
and client UI rendering approaches. For
example, most of the web UI is rendered on the
server, and client rendered components are
added as needed.

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Server rendered UI

lA web UI app that renders on the server

dynamically generates the page's HTML
and CSS on the server in response to a
browser request.

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Server rendered UI

lBenefits:
¡The client requirements are minimal because
the server does the work of logic and page
generation:
lGreat for low-end devices and low-bandwidth
connections.
lAllows for a broad range of browser versions at the
client.
lQuick initial page load times.
lMinimal to no JavaScript to pull to the client.

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Server rendered UI

lBenefits:
¡Flexibility of access to protected server
resources:
lDatabase access.
lAccess to secrets, such as values for API calls to
Azure storage.

¡Static site analysis advantages, such as search

engine optimization.

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Server rendered UI

lDrawbacks:
¡The cost of compute and memory use are
concentrated on the server, rather than each
client.

¡User interactions require a round trip to the

server to generate UI updates.

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Client rendered UI

lA client rendered app dynamically renders

web UI on the client, directly updating the
browser DOM as necessary.

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Client rendered UI

lBenefits:
¡Allows for rich interactivity that is nearly instant,
without requiring a round trip to the server. UI
event handling and logic run locally on the
user's device with minimal latency.

¡Supports incremental updates, saving partially

completed forms or documents without the user
having to select a button to submit a form.

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Client rendered UI

lBenefits:
¡Can be designed to run in a disconnected
mode. Updates to the client-side model are
eventually synchronized back to the server
once a connection is re-established.
¡Reduced server load and cost, the work is
offloaded to the client. Many client rendered
apps can also be hosted as static websites.
¡Takes advantage of the capabilities of the
user’s device.
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Client rendered UI

lDrawbacks:
¡Code for the logic has to be downloaded and
executed on the client, adding to the initial load
time.

¡Client requirements may exclude users who

have low-end devices, older browser versions,
or low-bandwidth connections.

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ASP.NET Core UI solutions

lServer Rendered
¡ASP.NET Core MVC
¡ASP.NET Core Razor Pages
¡Blazor Server
l
Client Rendered
¡Blazor WebAssembly

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ASP.NET Core MVC

lASP.NET MVC renders UI on the server

and uses a Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architectural pattern.

lThe MVC pattern separates an app into

three main groups of components: Models,
Views, and Controllers.

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ASP.NET Core MVC

lUser requests are routed to a controller.

The controller is responsible for working
with the model to perform user actions or
retrieve results of queries.

lThe controller chooses the view to display

to the user, and provides it with any model
data it requires.

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ASP.NET Core Razor Pages

lRazor Pages is a page-based model.

lUI and business logic concerns are kept

separate, but within the page.

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ASP.NET Core Razor Pages

l Quickly build and update UI. Code for the page

is kept with the page, while keeping UI and
business logic concerns separate.
l Testable and scales to large apps.
l Keep your ASP.NET Core pages organized in a
simpler way than ASP.NET MVC:
¡View specific logic and view models can be kept
together in their own namespace and directory.
¡Groups of related pages can be kept in their own
namespace and directory.
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Blazor Server

l Create rich interactive UIs using C# instead of

JavaScript.
l Share server-side and client-side app logic
written in .NET.
l Render the UI as HTML and CSS for wide
browser support, including mobile browsers.
l Integrate with modern hosting platforms, such as
Docker.
l Build hybrid desktop and mobile apps with .NET
and Blazor.
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Blazor WebAssembly

lBlazor WebAssembly is a single-page app

(SPA) framework for building interactive
client-side web apps

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Blazor WebAssembly

l When a Blazor WebAssembly app is built and

run:
¡C# code files and Razor files are compiled into .NET
assemblies.
¡The assemblies and the .NET runtime are
downloaded to the browser.
¡Blazor WebAssembly bootstraps the .NET runtime
and configures the runtime to load the assemblies for
the app.
¡The Blazor WebAssembly runtime uses JavaScript
interop to handle Document Object Model (DOM)
manipulation and browser API calls.
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The structure of ASP.NET Core

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Creating an ASP.NET Core Project

lUsing Command Prompt:

¡dotnet new globaljson --sdk-version 6.0.100 --
output FirstProject
¡dotnet new mvc --no-https --output FirstProject -
-framework net6.0
¡dotnet new sln -o FirstProject
¡dotnet sln FirstProject add FirstProject

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Creating an ASP.NET Core Project

lVisual Studio 2022

lOr

lVisual Studio Code

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Opening the Project Using Visual

Studio

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Opening the Project Using Visual

Studio

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Opening the Project with Visual

Studio Code

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Opening the Project with Visual

Studio Code

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Running the ASP.NET Core

Application
lSetting the HTTP Port in the
launchSettings.json File in the Properties
Folder

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Running the ASP.NET Core

Application
lOpen a new PowerShell command
prompt; navigate to the FirstProject project
folder, and run the command
¡dotnet run

lOr

lRun from VS2022 or VS Code

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Running the ASP.NET Core

Application

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Understanding Endpoints

lIn an ASP.NET Core application, incoming

requests are handled by endpoints.
lThe endpoint that produced the response
is an action, which is a method that is
written in C#.
lAn action is defined in a controller, which
is a C# class that is derived from the
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Controller
class, the built-in controller base class.
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Understanding Endpoints

lThe controller is defined in the class file

named HomeController.cs.
lController classes contain a name
followed by the word Controller, which
means that when you see a file called
HomeController.cs. It contains a controller
called Home, which is the default
controller that is used in ASP.NET Core
applications.
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Understanding Endpoints

lFind the HomeController.cs file in the

Solution Explorer or Explorer pane and
click it to open it for editing.

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Understanding Endpoints

lsing the code editor, replace the contents

of the HomeController.cs file

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Understanding Routes

lYou can request any of the following

URLs, and they will be dispatched to the
Index action defined by the Home
controller:
l/
l/Home
l/Home/Index

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lThe output from the previous example

wasn’t HTML—it was just the string Hello
World.
lTo produce an HTML response to a
browser request, We need a view

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lCreating and Rendering a View

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lTrying to find “MyView”

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lRight-click the Views/Home folder in the

Solution Explorer and select
Add ➤ New Item from the pop-up menu.

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lRendering a view

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lAdding Dynamic Output

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lMyView.cshtml file:

¡@model string
¡@{
¡ Layout = null;
¡}
¡…

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Understanding HTML Rendering

lGenerating dynamic content

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PartyInvites

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PartyInvites

lCreate a web app that allows invitees to

electronically RSVP
¡A home page that shows information about the
party
¡A form that can be used to RSVP
¡Validation for the RSVP form, which will display
a thank-you page
¡A summary page that shows who is coming to
the party

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PartyInvites

lCreate a project named PartyInvites.

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PartyInvites

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Index.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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PartyInvites

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Adding a Data Model

lRight-click the Models folder and select

Add ➤ Class from the pop-up menu.

lSet the name of the class to

GuestResponse.cs and click the Add
button.

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Adding a Data Model

lGuestResponse.cs File in the Models

Folder

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Creating a Second Action and View

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Creating a Second Action and View

lRight-click the Views/Home folder and

select Add ➤ New Item from the pop-up
menu.
lSelect the Razor View - Empty item, set
the name to RsvpForm.cshtml, and click
the Add button to create the file

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Creating a Second Action and View

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Linking Action Methods

lAdding a Link in the Index.cshtml File in

the Views/Home Folder

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Linking Action Methods

lasp-action attribute is an example of a

tag helper attribute, which is an
instruction for Razor that will be performed
when the view is rendered.
lThe asp-action attribute is an instruction to
add an href attribute to the a element that
contains a URL for an action method.

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Linking Action Methods

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Building the Form

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Building the Form

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Building the Form

lThe @model expression specifies that the

view expects to receive a GuestResponse
object as its view model.
lWe used label and input element for each
property of the GuestResponse model
class (or, in the case of the WillAttend
property, a select element).

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Building the Form

lEach element is associated with the model

property using the asp-for attribute, which
is another tag helper attribute.
lThe tag helper attributes configure the
elements to tie them to the view model
object.

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Building the Form

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Receiving Form Data

lAdd a second RsvpForm action method to

create the following:
¡A method that responds to HTTP GET
requests: A GET request is what a browser
issues normally each time someone clicks a
link. This version of the action will be
responsible for displaying the initial blank form
when someone first visits /Home/RsvpForm.

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Receiving Form Data

lAdd a second RsvpForm action method to

create the following:
¡A method that responds to HTTP POST
requests: The form element sets the method
attribute to post, which causes the form data to
be sent to the server as a POST request. This
version of the action will be responsible for
receiving submitted data and deciding what to
do with it.

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Receiving Form Data

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Understanding Model Binding

lAdd a class file named Repository.cs to

the Models folder

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Storing Responses

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Adding the Thanks View

lThe call to the View method in the

RsvpForm action method creates a
ViewResult that selects a view called
Thanks and uses the GuestResponse
object created by the model binder as the
view model.
lAdd a Razor View named Thanks.cshtml
to the Views/Home folder

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Adding the Thanks View

lThanks.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Adding the Thanks View

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Displaying the Responses

l...
l<div>Click <a asp-
action="ListResponses">here</a> to see
who is coming.</div>
l...

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Displaying the Responses

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Displaying the Responses

lThe new action method is called

ListResponses, and it calls the View
method, using the Repository.Responses
property as the argument.
lThe view model data is filtered using LINQ
so that only positive responses are
provided to the view.

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Displaying the Responses

lAdd a Razor View named

ListResponses.cshtml to the Views/Home
folder

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Displaying the Responses

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Displaying the Responses

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Adding Validation

lIn an ASP.NET Core application,

validation rules are defined by applying
attributes to model classes, which means
the same validation rules can be applied in
any form that uses that class.

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Adding Validation

lGuestResponse.cs File in the Models

Folder

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Adding Validation

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Validation Successful?

lHomeController.cs File in the Controllers

Folder

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Adding a Validation Summary

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Adding a Validation Summary

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

lThe convention in ASP.NET Core projects

is that static content is placed into the
wwwroot folder and organized by content
type so that CSS stylesheets go into the
wwwroot/css folder, JavaScript files go
into the wwwroot/js folder

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

lRight-click the wwwroot/css folder and

select Add ➤ New Item from the pop-up
menu.
lLocate the Style Sheet item template, set
the name of the file to styles.css; and click
the Add button.

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

lstyles.css File in the wwwroot/css Folder

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

lTo apply this stylesheet, add a link

element to the head section of the
RsvpForm view

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Highlighting Invalid Fields

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Styling the Welcome View

lProblem:
¡overall appearance of the application
is poor

lSolution:
¡Client-side library Bootstrap

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Styling the Welcome View

lAdding Bootstrap to the Index.cshtml File

in the Views/Home Folder

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Styling the Welcome View

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Styling the Form View

lRsvpForm.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Styling the Form View

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Styling the Form View

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Styling the Thanks View

lThanks.cshtml File in the Views/Home

Folder

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Styling the Thanks View

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Styling the List View

lListResponses.cshtml File in the
Views/Home Folder

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Styling the List View

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Questions ???

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