Unit 1.

Introduction
[7]
1. Define Multimedia. Explain various multimedia components.
20/79/80
Multimedia is the presentation of text, pictures, audio, and video with
links and tools that allow the user to navigate, engage, create, and
communicate using a computer.
Components of Multimedia
Multimedia consists of the following 5 components:

1. Text: All multimedia productions contain some amount of text. The

text can have various types of fonts and sizes to suit the profession
presentation of the multimedia software.

2. Graphics: Graphics make the multimedia application attractive. In

many cases people do not like reading large amount of textual matter
on the screen. Therefore, graphics are used more often than text to
explain a concept, present background information and many more.

3. Audio: A multimedia application may require the use of speech, music

and sound effects. These are called audio or sound element of
multimedia. Speech is also a perfect way for teaching. Audio are of
analog and digital types. Analog audio or sound refers to the original
sound signal. Computer stores the sound in digital form. Therefore, the
sound used in multimedia application is digital audio.

4. Video: The term video refers to the moving picture, accompanied by

sound such as a picture in television. Video element of multimedia
application gives a lot of information in small duration of time. Digital
video is useful in multimedia application for showing real life objects.
Video have highest performance demand on the computer memory
and on the bandwidth if placed on the internet. Digital video files can
 be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the
video can still be maintained. The digital video files can be transferred
within a computer network. The digital video clips can be edited easily.

5. Animation: Animation is a process of making a static image look like

it is moving. An animation is just a continuous series of still images
that are displayed in a sequence. The animation can be used
effectively for attracting attention. Animation also makes a
presentation light and attractive. Animation is very popular in
multimedia application.

2. List and explain functions and applications of multimedia

technology. 2076/78/79/80
The applications of multimedia technology are explained below as

1. Education: Multimedia has brought revolutionary changes in the field

of education. It has made the system of education more attractive and
effective than any other periods in the past. Now a day, multimedia
presents the contents of education such as information, still and
moving pictures, sounds pronunciations of words, clearly and
attractively to the students. It is now possible to earn knowledge even
staying at home through various multimedia software.

2. Entertainment: Invention of multimedia has opened a new horizon in

the field of entertainment. Now a day, the various media of
entertainment such as radio, television, VCR, VCD can be enjoyed
through multimedia program. Besides this, playing games and drawing
pictures in computer, on line chatting are the contribution of
multimedia.

3. Marketing: In order to increase sales, large companies develop CD

Rom software with different information like prices, uses, terms of
sales of their products and services and distribute them to the
probable customers. Therefore, the buyers can buy their required
products by knowing the prices, terms of sale etc. from the CD even
staying at home or office.

4. Communication: Today, multimedia has brought audio and video

conference. These computer and electronic based communication
creates dynamism in business, social, political, economic and
international activities.
 5. Medicare: Uses of multimedia are also seen in medicare services.
Today, advices of doctors can be received even staying at home with
the help of multimedia based electronic communication. Besides this,
multimedia is also used in diagnosing the diseases and prescribing
medicines.

6. Research: Researchers require different kinds of information to

conduct their research and development works. Internet plays a vital
role in obtaining the necessary information. By searching the Internet
the researchers can gather their required information and make
successful research.

7. Virtual Reality: Virtual reality is a technology which allows a user to

interact with computer-simulated environment. The simulated
environment can be similar to the real world. For example: simulation
for pilot or combat or surgery training. This simulated environment can
also differ significantly from reality, as in virtual reality games. This
virtual reality is actually based on multimedia bounder technology.

3. Define Multimedia. Explain the properties of multimedia system.

2073/75
A multimedia computer system is one that can create, integrate, store,
retrieve delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as
audio, image, video, and text information.

1. Integration of Media: It can bring together different kinds of media, like

text, pictures, music, and videos, into one place. This lets you experience
content in many ways.
2. Compression: They use techniques to shrink the size of media files
without losing too much quality. This helps save storage space and makes
it faster to transmit over the internet.
3. Synchronization: Multimedia systems can synchronize different types of
media. For example, in a movie, the sound and video are perfectly timed
together.
4. Interactivity: Some multimedia systems allow users to interact with the
content. This could be through games, interactive websites, or educational
software.
5. Streaming: They can stream media over the internet, allowing you to
watch videos or listen to music without waiting for the whole file to
download.
6. Editing and Manipulation: Multimedia systems often come with tools
for editing and manipulating media. This could be editing photos, videos,
or even creating music mixes.

4. What is multimedia? Explain the different types of medium.

2077
Multimedia is a combinations of text, art graphics, sound, animation and
video delivered by computer or the other electronic or digitally manipulated
means.
1. Perception medium:
The perception of data occurs mostly to seeing or hearing the knowledge.
For the perception of knowledge through seeing the virtual media like text,
image and video are use. Where as for perception of knowledge through
hearing auditory media like music, noise and speech .
2. Representation medium:
It is a medium which provides the thought about how the knowledge are
represented internally within the computer. i.e. how it's coded there are
various formats accustomed represent media information in an
exceedingly computer
3. Presentation medium:
It refers to the tools and devices for the input and output of knowledge for
instance paper, screen and speaker for computer are output media, where
as keyboard, mouse, camera, and microphone are input media.
4. Storage medium:
Where the data is preserved for stored for future used as an example micro
film, disk, hard disk, CD, and even paper also.
5. Transmission medium:
Different information carried that enable continuous data transmission
media. the data is transmitted over networks, which uses wire, cable
transmission like co-axial and fiber optics likewise as free air space
(wireless) transmission.
6. Information exchange medium:
Information can flow through intermediate storage media, where
the medium is transported outside of system to the destination,
through mechanism using network, or to through the combine, usages of
storage and transmission media.

5. Explain the data stream characteristics of Multimedia System.

2076
The data stream characteristics of Multimedia System are:
1. Time Sensitivity
Multimedia systems need to deliver and process data quickly to ensure
smooth playback. This is crucial for activities like video calls and live
streaming, where delays can disrupt the experience. Synchronizing audio
and video is also important, like matching lips with speech in a video.
2. Continuous Data
Multimedia content is streamed continuously, requiring a steady flow of
data to avoid interruptions. Unlike regular data that can be accessed in
chunks, multimedia needs to be delivered smoothly. Buffering helps by pre-
loading data to prevent delays.
3. High Bandwidth Needs
High-quality video and audio require a lot of data to be transmitted, needing
significant bandwidth. To manage this, multimedia data is compressed to
reduce its size while maintaining quality, using methods like MP3 for audio
and H.264 for video.
4. Quality of Service (QoS)
Providing a good multimedia experience means managing delays, variations
in data arrival, and data loss. Delays must be minimal, and variations in
arrival times should be smoothed out to ensure uninterrupted playback.
Techniques are used to correct errors when data is lost during transmission.
5. Interactivity
Multimedia systems often allow user interactions like pausing or fast-
forwarding a video. These actions need to be handled quickly to keep the
experience smooth. Interactive applications must process user inputs and
respond in real-time.
6. Variety of Formats
Multimedia systems handle different types of content, from simple text and
images to complex audio and video. Ensuring that content works well on
various devices with different capabilities and screen sizes is important for a
good user experience.

6. What are the data stream characteristics for continuous media?

2074
The data stream characteristics in transmission are associated with any
audio and video data transfer. Also the info stream characteristics are
influenced by the compression during the information transfer. Hence the
data stream characteristics can be discussed on the basic of three given
factors or properties .
1.According to time intervals between consecutive packets:
On the basic of this factor we find out three properties they are:
a) Strongly periodic data stream:
If time intervals are of the identical length between two consecutive t
packets that's a continuing, then the stream is named strongly periodic and
within the ideal case the jitter has the worth zero. For eg: PCM coded
speech in traditional telephone switching.
b) Weakly periodic data stream:
If time intervals between two consecutive packets is not constant but are of
periodic nature with finite period then the data stream is called weakly
periodic.
c) A-periodic data stream:
If the sequence of time intervals is neither strongly nor weakly periodic,
instead the time period or time gap various between packets to packets
during transmission then such data stream is called A-periodic data stream.

2.According to variation of consecutive packet amounts:

On the basic of these factors there are three types of data stream:
a) Strongly regular data stream:
If the number of information stays constant during the life time of a
knowledge stream, this feature is specially found in uncompressed digital
data transmission, as an example audio stream of CD, video stream of
camera in uncompressed form.
b) Weakley regular data stream:
If the amount of data stream varies periodically with time and not shows the
behaviors of strongly regular data stream then it is called Weakley regular
data stream, For example compressed video stream.
c) Irregular data stream:
If the number of information is neither constant nor changes in keeping with
a periodic function, then the information streams are called irregular data
stream. Transmission and processing of this category data stream is
complicated. Since data stream includes a variable (bit) rate after applying
compression methods.

3.According to continuity or connection between consecutive

packets.:
On the basic of this factor their can be also 2 types or characters:
a) Continuous data stream:
If consecutive packets are directly transmitted one after another without
any time gap then such data streams are called continuous data stream, For
example audio data use for B channel of Isdn with transmission rate for 64
kbps.
b) Unconnected data stream:
A data stream with gaps between information units is named and
unconnected data stream. The transmission of a connected data stream
through a channel with the next capacity treads gaps between individual
packets, as an example the information stream coded with JPEG method
with 1.2 mbps on a FDDI network.

7. Explain the properties of multimedia system according to

variation of consecutive packet amount. Also discuss on
information units. 2075
The properties of multimedia system according to the variation of
consecutive amount are described below as:

1. Strongly regular data stream:

If the number of information stays constant during the life time of a
knowledge stream, this feature is specially found in uncompressed digital
data transmission, as an example audio stream of CD, video stream of
camera in uncompressed form.
2. Weakley regular data stream:
If the amount of data stream varies periodically with time and not shows the
behaviors of strongly regular data stream then it is called Weakley regular
data stream, For example compressed video stream.
3. Irregular data stream:
If the number of information is neither constant nor changes in keeping with
a periodic function, then the information streams are called irregular data
stream. Transmission and processing of this category data stream is
complicated. Since data stream includes a variable (bit) rate after applying
compression methods.
INFORMATION UNITS
The information which has to be used in multimedia system either for
storage purpose or for transmission from one system to another system are
generally larger than bandwidth of communication channel or larger than
the system, writing capacity size of the system. Hence the system divides
the information into small chunks or units. The sequence of these chunks or
packets forms the data streams and these are called information units.

Unit 2. Sound/Audio System [6]

8. Define basic sound concept. Explain computer representations of
sound. 2071
Sound is the transmission of kinetic energy from particles in the source to
particles in the medium in which the sound travels.
The production of sound requires an object to vibrate. The speed of the
vibration of a sound source gives the frequency of the sound. The size or
amplitude of the vibration gives the loudness of the sound. Sounds that
reflect off objects are echoes. Sound travels much faster in solid objects
than in air. Sound requires a medium to travel in. Sound can’t travel in
space. The particles in the material in which the sound moves vibrate at the
same frequency as the source.
The representation of sound in computers involves converting analog audio
signals into digital data that can be processed, stored, and manipulated by
digital systems. This process primarily involves two key stages: sampling
and quantization.
Sampling
Sampling is the process of measuring the amplitude of an audio signal at
regular intervals. The rate at which these measurements are taken is called
the sampling rate or sampling frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Quantization
Quantization involves mapping the sampled amplitudes to a finite set of
values, each represented by a fixed number of bits. This process converts
the continuous range of amplitude values into discrete levels.
Bit Depth: The number of bits used for each sample determines the
resolution of the quantized values. Common bit depths include:
16-bit: Standard for CDs, providing 65,536 discrete amplitude levels.
24-bit: Used in professional audio, providing 16,777,216 levels.
32-bit: Used for some high-resolution audio formats. Higher bit depths
allow for greater dynamic range and more precise representation of the
audio signal.

9. What is speech? Explain speech analysis and transmission.

2076
Speech is the verbal means of human communication that involves the
expression of thoughts, ideas, and emotions through spoken language.
Speech Analysis
Speech analysis refers to the process of examining and understanding
spoken language. It involves several components:
1. Phonetics and Phonology: Phonetics deals with the physical
properties of speech sounds, such as their production (articulation),
acoustic characteristics, and perception. Phonology focuses on the
systematic organization of sounds in particular languages.
2. Syntax and Semantics: Syntax involves the rules governing the
structure of sentences, while semantics deals with the meanings of
words and sentences.
3. Prosody: Prosody refers to the rhythm, intonation, and stress patterns
of speech, which convey additional meaning and emotions.
4. Pragmatics: Pragmatics deals with the use of language in context,
including the social and cultural factors that influence communication.
Speech Transmission
Speech transmission involves the process of transmitting spoken language
from one person to another or from a sender to a receiver through various
means, including:
1. Acoustic Waves: In face-to-face communication, speech is
transmitted through sound waves in the air. These waves travel from
the speaker's mouth to the listener's ears.
2. Telecommunication: In modern communication systems, speech can
be transmitted over long distances using telecommunication
technologies such as telephone networks, VoIP (Voice over Internet
Protocol), and video conferencing platforms. This involves converting
speech signals into digital data that can be transmitted efficiently over
networks.
 3. Coding and Decoding: Speech signals are typically encoded using
techniques such as Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) to convert analog
speech signals into digital formats for transmission. At the receiver's
end, the digital signals are decoded back into analog speech signals.
4. Quality and Compression: Technologies like codecs are used to
compress speech signals to reduce bandwidth requirements while
maintaining acceptable speech quality during transmission.

10. Explain the process of speech generation.

2070/74
Speech generation is a rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence that
enables computers to generate human-like speech. Speech generation, also
known as speech synthesis, is the process of creating artificial human
speech that can be heard through a device or computer. This technology
has come a long way, with modern systems producing high-quality, natural-
sounding speech in real time.

11. What is speech generation. How does sound can be

represented digitally? Explain.
2075
Speech generation, also known as speech synthesis, is the process of
creating artificial human speech that can be heard through a device or
computer.
1. Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)
Microphone and Analog Signal: The process begins with an analog sound
source, such as a person speaking into a microphone. The microphone
converts the sound waves (air pressure variations) into an analog electrical
signal.
Analog Electrical Signal: This analog electrical signal is a continuous
waveform that represents the sound.
ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter): The analog electrical signal is fed into an
ADC. The ADC samples the continuous analog signal at regular intervals
(sampling rate) and quantizes each sample into a discrete numerical value
(bit depth).
Sampling: The ADC measures the amplitude of the analog signal at regular
time intervals.
Quantization: Each measured amplitude is approximated to the nearest
value within a set range, represented as binary data.
2. Digital Data
Binary Data: The quantized samples are converted into binary data,
represented by sequences of 0s and 1s. This digital representation can be
stored, processed, and transmitted by a computer.
Computer Storage and Processing: The digital audio data is now in a format
that can be manipulated by digital systems, such as computers, for various
applications (e.g., editing, compression, transmission).
3. Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC)
DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter): To convert the digital audio back into an
analog form that can be heard, the binary data is fed into a DAC.
Reconstruction: The DAC converts the binary data back into a continuous
analog electrical signal by generating corresponding voltage levels.
Analog Electrical Signal: This reconstructed analog signal is a continuous
waveform similar to the original analog signal.

Unit 3. Images & Graphics

[7]
12. Write short note on Digital image representation. 2074
Digital image representation is crucial in computer science, involving pixel
matrices, color models like RGB and CMYK, and image encoding. It
underpins technologies such as computer vision and digital graphics, with
storage, retrieval, and compression playing key roles in handling image data
efficiently. Understanding bit-depth and the difference between bitmap and
vector graphics is essential for image processing.
Digital image representation is a key concept in computer science that
deals with how images are interpreted and processed by computers. A
digital image is essentially a matrix of pixels, where each pixel represents
the smallest unit of the image and contains data for color and brightness.
The most common color model for digital images is RGB (Red, Green, Blue),
which combines these primary colors in various ways to produce a wide
spectrum of colors. Other color models like HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)
and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black) are used in different domains
such as video production and printing, respectively. Understanding these
models is important for working with images in their respective fields.

13. Explain image analysis and recognition process. 2074

Image analysis refers to the extraction of meaningful information from digital
images using digital image processing techniques. It involves tasks such as object
recognition, image segmentation, motion detection, and medical scan analysis.
Image analysis is an important field in computer science that allows computers to
automatically study images and obtain useful information from them.

It can include the following steps:

1. Preprocessing:
o Noise Reduction: Techniques like Gaussian blur are used to remove
noise.
o Image Enhancement: Adjusting contrast, brightness, and applying
filters to improve image quality.
o Normalization: Standardizing the intensity of pixels.
2. Segmentation:
o Thresholding: Dividing an image into foreground and background by
converting grayscale images to binary.
o Edge Detection: Using algorithms like Canny or Sobel to identify edges
within an image.
o Region-Based Segmentation: Identifying regions based on similarities
in color, intensity, or texture.
3. Feature Extraction:
o Shape Features: Extracting shapes from the image, such as edges,
corners, and contours.
o Texture Features: Analyzing the texture to understand the surface
properties.
 oColor Features: Identifying distinct colors and color patterns.
4. Object Detection and Localization:
o Identifying the presence of specific objects within the image and
determining their locations.

Image Recognition

Image recognition involves identifying and classifying objects or patterns within an

image. It typically includes:

1. Feature Matching:
o Comparing extracted features with known features from a database.
2. Pattern Recognition:
o Using algorithms to recognize patterns based on the extracted features.
3. Classification:
o Machine Learning Algorithms: Using classifiers like Support Vector
Machines (SVM), Decision Trees, or k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) to
categorize images.
o Deep Learning Models: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are
particularly effective for image recognition tasks. They automatically
learn features from images and classify them.
4. Post-Processing:
o Refining the recognition results using techniques like non-maximum
suppression to filter out redundant detections.

14. Describe graphic & image editing in multimedia. 2079

Graphic editing involves the creation and modification of visual content such as
illustrations, logos, typography, and other graphical elements. This type of editing
is commonly used in graphic design, branding, advertising, and digital media.

Tools:

 Vector Graphics Software: Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW, Inkscape

 Raster Graphics Software: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP

Techniques:
 1. Vector Editing: Creating and manipulating vector graphics, which are
composed of paths defined by mathematical expressions. This allows for
scalability without loss of quality.
2. Typography: Designing and arranging text in a visually appealing way.
3. Layout Design: Organizing graphical elements on a page or screen to achieve
a harmonious and effective composition.
4. Color Theory: Using color schemes and combinations to evoke specific
emotions and create visual interest.
5. Illustration: Drawing and painting graphics by hand or using digital tools.

Image Editing refers to the process of altering and enhancing photographs or

raster images. This can include a wide range of adjustments from basic
corrections to complex manipulations.

Tools:

 Raster Graphics Software: Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Affinity Photo

 Specialized Software: Lightroom for photo editing, Capture One for RAW
processing

Techniques:

1. Basic Corrections: Adjusting brightness, contrast, saturation, and sharpness

to improve the overall appearance of an image.
2. Retouching: Removing imperfections, blemishes, and unwanted objects from
a photo. This can also include skin smoothing and other enhancements in
portrait photography.
3. Color Correction: Adjusting the colors in an image to achieve the desired look
or to correct color imbalances.
4. Compositing: Combining multiple images or elements into a single, cohesive
image. This is often used in creating surreal or fantastical scenes.
5. Filters and Effects: Applying various filters and effects to achieve specific
artistic styles or moods.
6. Cropping and Resizing: Adjusting the dimensions and composition of an
image to better fit its intended use.
15. How can the image be represented digitally? Explain. What do you mean
by Image Synthesis? 2073
Digital images are represented using a grid of pixels, which are the smallest units
of an image that can be individually processed. Each pixel has a color value, and
the collection of these pixels forms the complete image. Here's a more detailed
explanation of how images are represented digitally:
Raster Graphics
Raster graphics represent images as a grid of individual pixels, each with its own
color value. This method is commonly used for photographs and complex images
with many details and color variations.
Components:
1. Pixels: The smallest unit of an image, often represented as a dot. The resolution
of an image is defined by the number of pixels along the width and height (e.g.,
1920x1080 pixels).
2. Color Depth: The number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel.
Common color depths include 8-bit (256 colors), 16-bit (65,536 colors), and 24-
bit (16.7 million colors, also known as True Color).
3. Color Models: The most common color model for digital images is RGB (Red,
Green, Blue), where each color is represented by a combination of these three
primary colors. Other models include CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) for
printing and grayscale for black-and-white images.
Vector Graphics
Vector graphics represent images using mathematical equations and geometric
shapes such as points, lines, curves, and polygons. This method is ideal for
illustrations, logos, and graphics that require scalability without loss of quality.
Components:
1. Paths: Defined by mathematical equations, paths are the building blocks of
vector graphics. They can be straight or curved and can be combined to form
complex shapes.
 2. Scalability: Vector graphics can be scaled to any size without losing quality,
making them ideal for designs that need to be used in various sizes and
resolutions.
3. File Formats: Common vector graphic file formats include SVG (Scalable Vector
Graphics), AI (Adobe Illustrator), and EPS (Encapsulated PostScript).

Image Synthesis

Image synthesis refers to the process of creating new images from scratch using
computational methods. This can involve generating images based on
mathematical models, algorithms, or artificial intelligence techniques.
Techniques:
1. Ray Tracing: A technique used to simulate the way light interacts with objects
to create realistic images. It traces the path of light rays and calculates their
interactions with surfaces.
2. Texture Synthesis: Creating larger textures from smaller samples by
algorithmically expanding the sample while preserving its properties.
3. Deep Learning: Using neural networks to learn patterns and features from a
dataset of images and generate new images that resemble the input data.
GANs are a popular method for this.

16. What is Graphics? List & explain various image formats. 2079
Graphics refer to visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In the context of
computers, graphics are often used to create user interfaces, digital art,
animations, and visualizations of data.

The various image formats are :

1. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
JPEG is a widely used image format known for its lossy compression, which
reduces file size by discarding some image information. This makes it ideal for
 web use and digital photography, where smaller files are beneficial. However, the
compression can result in a noticeable loss of quality, especially with repeated
saving and editing.
2. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
PNG is a raster-graphics format that supports lossless compression, ensuring
that image quality is maintained without any loss. It also supports transparency,
making it popular for web graphics and images requiring a transparent
background. Despite its advantages, PNG files tend to be larger than JPEGs, which
can be a drawback for web use.
3. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
GIF is a bitmap image format that supports both animated and static images. It is
limited to a 256-color palette, which makes it suitable for simple graphics and
animations rather than detailed images or photographs. Its ability to support
animation and transparency has made it a staple for web graphics, particularly
for simple animations like memes.
4. BMP (Bitmap)
BMP is a raster graphics image file format known for its simplicity and wide
acceptance in Windows-based applications. BMP files do not use compression,
resulting in large file sizes. This makes them less suitable for web use but good
for images that need to be edited frequently without any loss of quality.
5. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
TIFF is a versatile format that supports lossless compression and is widely used in
professional photography and publishing. It can store high-quality images and is
flexible enough to handle various types of image data. However, the large file
sizes can be a limitation for storage and online sharing.
6. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
SVG is an XML-based vector image format that is ideal for two-dimensional
graphics, offering scalability without loss of quality. This makes it perfect for
responsive web design and graphics that need to be displayed at various sizes.
SVG also supports interactivity and animation, but it is less suitable for detailed
photographic images.
7. RAW
RAW image formats contain unprocessed data directly from a digital camera’s
sensor. They offer the highest quality and flexibility for post-processing, allowing
photographers to adjust settings like exposure and white balance after the image
 is taken. The trade-off is very large file sizes and the need for specialized software
to view and edit these images.
8. WebP
WebP is a modern image format that provides superior lossless and lossy
compression for images on the web. It achieves smaller file sizes while
maintaining quality comparable to JPEG and PNG, supporting transparency and
animation. Despite its efficiency, WebP is not as widely supported across all
platforms and browsers.

Unit 4. Videos & Animation [7]

17. Differentiate between video & animation. 2070/76
18. What are the methods of controlling animation. 2073/74/76
19. What do you mean by computer based animation. Explain. Also discuss on
animation language. 2075
20. What is animation? Explain the basic concepts of animation. 2071
Unit 5. Multimedia Applications Development
[7]
Unit 6. Data Compression
[7]
Unit 7. Designing Multimedia
[7]
Unit 8. Application Subsystem
[7]
Unit 9. User Interface
[6]
Unit 10. Synchronization [7]
Unit 11. Abstraction for Programming
[7]
Unit 12. Multimedia Application [5]

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