A) POWER( )
SYNTAX : SELECT POW (m,n) ;
OR
SELECT POWER (m,n) ;
HERE m is the number and n is power raised to number m .
EXAMPLE :
b) ROUND ( )
SYNTAX : SELECT ROUND (x,d) ;
HERE x is the number to be rounded off and d is number of decimals to be returned .
EXAMPLE :
c) TRUNCATE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT TRUNCATE (x,d) ;
HERE x is the number to be truncated and d is number of decimals to be returned .
EXAMPLE :
d) MOD( )
SYNTAX : SELECT MOD (dividend, divisor) ;
HERE dividend is expression to divide by divisor
EXAMPLE :
e) SQRT( )
SYNTAX : SELECT SQRT (value) ;
EXAMPLE :
f) ABS( )
SYNTAX : SELECT ABS (value) ;
EXAMPLE :
a) ASCII ( )
SYNTAX : SELECT ASCII (character) ;
EXAMPLE :
b) LOWER( ) / LCASE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT LOWER (String) ;
OR
SELECT LCASE (string) ;
EXAMPLE :
c) UPPER( ) / UCASE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT UPPER (String) ;
OR
SELECT UCASE (string) ;
EXAMPLE :
d) LENGTH( )
SYNTAX : SELECT LENGTH (String) ;
EXAMPLE :
e) REPLACE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT REPLACE (‘String1’,‘String2’,‘String3’);
HERE String1 is original string in which we want replacements string2 which we
want to search in string1 , string3 with which we replace string 2
EXAMPLE :
f) LEFT( )
SYNTAX : SELECT LEFT (String , Integer);
EXAMPLE :
g) RIGHT( )
SYNTAX : SELECT RIGHT (String , Integer);
EXAMPLE :
h) LTRIM( )
SYNTAX : SELECT LTRIM (String);
EXAMPLE :
i) RTRIM( )
SYNTAX : SELECT RTRIM (String);
EXAMPLE :
j) TRIM( )
SYNTAX : SELECT TRIM (String);
EXAMPLE :
k) REVERSE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT REVERSE (String);
EXAMPLE :
l) REPEAT( )
SYNTAX : SELECT REPEAT (String, Integer);
EXAMPLE :
m) SUBSTRING( ) / MID( ) / SUBSTR( )
SYNTAX : SELECT SUBSTRING (String, start_index ,length); OR
SELECT SUBSTR (String, start_index ,length); OR
SELECT MID(String, start_index ,length);
n) INSTR( )
SYNTAX : SELECT INSTR (String , Substring);
EXAMPLE :
SYNTAX : SELECT CONCAT (String1 , String2…String n);
EXAMPLE :
a) CURDATE( ) / CURRENT_DATE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT CURDATE (); OR SELECT CURRENT_DATE ();
EXAMPLE :
b) NOW( )
SYNTAX : SELECT NOW();
EXAMPLE :
c) SYSDATE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT SYSDATE();
EXAMPLE :
d) DATE( )
SYNTAX : SELECT DATE(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
e) MONTH( )
SYNTAX : SELECT MONTH(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
f) YEAR( )
SYNTAX : SELECT YEAR(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
g) DAYNAME( )
SYNTAX : SELECT DAYNAME(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
h) DAYOFMONTH( )
SYNTAX : SELECT DAYOFMONTH(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
i) DAYOFWEEK( )
SYNTAX : SELECT DAYOFWEEK(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
j) DAYOFYEAR( )
SYNTAX : SELECT DAYOFYEAR(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
k) MONTHNAME( )
SYNTAX : SELECT MONTHNAME(date-time expression);
EXAMPLE :
SYNTAX : SELECT COUNT (COLUMN_NAME) FROM <TABLE_NAME>;
SYNTAX : SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column_name) FROM <table_name>;
SYNTAX : SELECT <column-list> FROM <table_name> [where <condition>]
ORDER BY <column_name> [ASC | DESC];
SYNTAX : SELECT <column1, column2,…column_n>,
<aggregate_function (expression)> FROM <table>
where <conditions>
GROUP BY <column1>,<column2>,….<column_n>;
SYNTAX : SELECT <column1, column2,…column_n>,
<aggregate_function (expression)> FROM <tables>
where <conditions>
GROUP BY [<column1>,<column2>,….<column_n>]
HAVING [<condition1….condition_n>];
TABLE :STUDENTS TABLE:TECHNOGROUP
i) UNION ( U )
SYNTAX :SELECT * FROM <table1> UNION SELECT * FROM <table2> ;
ii) INTERSECTION ( )
SYNTAX :SELECT * FROM <table1> INTERSECT SELECT * FROM <table2> ;
iii) SET DIFFERENCE / MINUS (-)
SYNTAX :SELECT * FROM <table1> EXCEPT SELECT * FROM <table2>
a) CARTESIAN PRODUCT (CROSS JOIN)
SYNTAX : SELECT * FROM <table1> CROSS JOIN <table2>; OR
SELECT * FROM <table1> , <table2>;
b) EQUI JOIN
SYNTAX : SELECT <column1>,<column2>,…* FROM <table1> , <table2>
Where <table1.Primary key column> = <table2.foreign
key column>;
c) RIGHT OUTER JOIN
d) NATURAL JOIN
SYNTAX : SELECT * FROM <table1> NATURAL JOIN <table2>;
e) INNER JOIN
• NAME – AYUSH RAJ
• CLASS – XII NON-MED
• ROLL NO – 4
• SUBJECT – INFORMATICS
PRACTICES
• SUBMITTED TO – MRS MONIKA
MEHRA
