AppUy!

: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using

Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City

____________________

A Project Study Presented to Faculty

College of Information and Technology Education
Urdaneta City University

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

____________________

by

Brian Kenneth A. Lopez

Jameelah D. Centeno
Mary Joy S. Eugenio
Jocel Daphnie P. Ticano
Jerome D. Yanguas

February 2021
 ABSTRACT

Name of the Researchers : Brian Kenneth A. Lopez

Jameelah D. Centeno
Mary Joy S. Eugenio
Jocel Daphnie P. Ticano
Jerome D. Yanguas

Institution : Urdaneta City University

Course : Bachelor of Science in Information

Technology

Semester and School Year : 1st Semester 2020 – 2021

Adviser : Arnel B. Ocay, DIT

Title of the Study : AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire

Detection and Monitoring System
using Arduino UNO for Bureau of
Fire Protection Urdaneta City

Key Terms : Fire Detection System, Internet of

Things, Arduino Uno, GSM
module

This project study focuses on developing an IoT Arduino Uno mobile-

based application for Fire Detection and Monitoring System for Bureau of

Fire Protection Urdaneta City. It is a mobile-based application that intends

to detect smoke, fire, temperature, and humidity level that can send an

alert notification to the user and also to the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City. It lessens the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City in its existing process in fire-detection system

and equipment, and in reporting of incidents.

The methodology adopted in conducting this project study is Agile

iii
Scrum Development because it matches the designed to develop, deliver,

and sustaining the development process, that the researchers deemed

necessary in the project development.

Based on the researchers' analysis of findings, the application could

solve the problems encountered in the existing system of the Bureau of

Fire Protection Urdaneta City. Also, this aims to produce an application

and a system that would give people an early warning to take immediate

action and what can be done to stop the fire as soon as possible.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers wish to express their praises and thanksgiving to

the Lord God Almighty. This project will never be successful without the
Lord's guidance, who never fails to do amazing things for the group. To
God be all the glory!

The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to the

following people who accompanied us and nevertheless showed unending
support throughout the completion of this study.

To Arnel B. Ocay DIT, Advisor, for making this research possible. His
endless support, advice, and guidance throughout the research project, as
well as his effort in reading the draft, are greatly appreciated.

To Anthony G. Marquez LPT, MIT, our College Research Coordinator,

for the guidance and encouragement to finish this assignment and teach
us this course.

To the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta for giving us support and

permission to have their data used in our proposed system.

To the researcher's chairperson, technical and panel members for

giving tips, guidance, and efforts to understand the process that brought
us in the success of our system.

To Department of Science and Technology-Science Education

Institute, for giving us the chance to become a scholar of our country,
allowing us to pursue harder in life and strive to be professionals.

To all relatives, friends, and others who shared their support,

especially when times get tough and barely bearable;

The researchers wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to

all those who have helped whose names were not mentioned.

The researchers would like to thank you all.

Brian
Jameelah
Mary
Jocel
Jerome

v
 DEDICATION

In the Lord, almighty whose infinite wisdom guides us to the

completion of this study.

To our parents, who have been our inspiration and gave us the
strength of never giving up, who continually provide their moral, spiritual,
emotional, and financial support.

To our relatives, friends, and classmates who shared their words of

advice and encouragement to finish this study.

Lastly, our chairman, technical panel, panel member, and most

especially our Adviser helped and guided us to make this study possible.

Brian
Jameelah
Mary
Jocel
Jerome

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE ………….…………………………………………………….……... i
APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………………. ii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………. v
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………. vii
LIST OF FIGURES…...…………………………………….……………………. ix
LIST OF TABLES …………………………….………...………………………… x
LIST OF PLATES................................................................................ xi
Chapter
1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ……………………….……….…………. 1
Background of the Study ……………………….………………. 1
Company Profile……………………………………….……….…... 9
Conceptual Framework……………………….………….…….... 12
Statement of the Objectives ….……………………….............. 14
Importance of the Study …………………………………………. 14
Scope and Limitations……………………….……………………. 16
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………... 18
2 METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………... 22
Research Design…………………………...………………………. 22
Data Gathering Techniques ……………...……………………. 26
Sources of Data……………………………………………………... 28
Tools for Data Analysis ………………………………….………. 28
3 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS……………………………….….... 31
4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
Summary ……………………………………………………………. 49
Conclusions.………………………………………………………… 50
Recommendations…………………………………………………. 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………….………………….……………………....... 53
APPENDICES ………….……………………….………………………….……... 60
A Communication Letter.………………….………...……………... 60
B Interview Guide........................………………….……….……. 61
C Data Flow Diagram of the Arduino Uno......………….…….... 64
D Circuit Diagram of the Arduino Uno.……………………….... 65
E Mock-Ups and Wireframe...……….……………………………. 66
F Project Gantt Chart.…………………….…………………………. 67
G Use-Case Diagram....…………………………………................. 68
H Hardware System of AppUy!.............................................. 69
I Software Acceptability Test using ISO 9126....................... 71
J Story Board....................................................................... 74
K Grammarly Result............................................................. 85

vii
ACM DOCUMENT............................................................................ 86
CURRICULUM VITAE...................................................................... 95

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Organizational Chart of BFP Urdaneta City 11
2 Conceptual Framework of the AppUy! 13
3 Scrum Methodology 23
4 Current Procedures in Reporting of Incidents 33
5 Cause-and-Effect Diagram of the Problems Encountered 35
6 The IoT-Based Framework of “AppUy!” 37

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 User Story is a feature of the system which include the 24
backlog
2 Table of Respondents 28
3 Average Weighted Mean and Description on Acceptability 42
Testing
4 System Evaluation According to Functionality 43
5 System Evaluation According to Reliability 44
6 System Evaluation According to Usability 44
7 System Evaluation According to Efficiency 45
8 System Evaluation According to Maintainability 46
9 System Evaluation According to Portability 46
10 Summary of Non-Functional Requirements 47
11 Hardware Requirements 47
12 Software Requirements 48

x
 LIST OF PLATES

Plate Title Page

1 Splash Screen Scene 75
2 Main Menu Scene 76
3 Sensor Scene Value Mode 77
4 Sensor Scene Graph Mode 78
5 Safety Tips Categories 79
6 Safety Tips Features 80
7 A Fire Safety Guide 81
8 Nearby Fire Station Scene 82
9 Nearby Fire Station’s Contact Numbers 83
10 Emergency Button 84
11 About 85

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 Chapter 1

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Background of the Study

Occasionally, a new technology appears which promises to change

our lives for the better. It either improves our performance by working

more simply and faster, or it creates possibilities and options that did not

previously exist. Computational machines are one such technology.

Computers tirelessly perform calculations far beyond human capabilities.

They also make different possibilities for interacting with the world by

applying these calculations to information processing, and thus, form a

new arena for social interaction. Through computers, information and

communication technologies have become a significant vehicle for change

in the information age (Castells et al., 2000).

Various research and numerous prototypes of automated security

surveillance system has been developed using various platforms. Recent

improvements in GSM, web server and microcontroller technologies have

led to multiple fire alarm systems. For example, Yu Qiongfang proposed

an intelligent fire alarm system using a fuzzy neural network that

processes the data from its sensors and calculates the model of a fuzzy

neural network based on a fire detection signal (Qiongfang et al., 2009).

However, a more interesting trend has developed over the years

whereby low-cost microcontrollers with sufficient processing capabilities

have been created to connect to the internet.

 Project Overview | 2

Fire is very deadly, and it leads to the loss of human life and property. Fire

detection systems are necessary to reduce personal belongings and caused

by fire, both human-made and induced.

Relative to the increase of fire accidents, it is fortunate that by using

more smart fire detecting systems, the number of fire accidents has been

reducing steadily. One of the most destructive fire properties is that it

spreads exponentially and can spread uncontrollably with the suitable

medium. That is why timely detection of fire is necessary for avoiding a fire

hazard. The Internet of Things is a collection of sensors, actuators,

software, electronics embedded with home appliances, physical devices,

and vehicles that connect and exchange data, increasing everyday

appliances' efficiency using a computer-based system. It helps improve the

efficiency of a device, but it also has economic benefits. IoT is just another

way to make everyday life easier for humans by developing smart devices

(Narayanan et al., 2019).

According to (Villapol et al., 2019), IoT is the clarity of processes and

focus on the result. IoT is not to tell how to do it, but what should be in

the outcome. Things are agents for performing processes. The life cycle of

things is quite simple. Accidents can happen even inside of any house.

One of the threats is an open fire, which can occur due to uncontrolled

cooking, unfinished smoking, or simply due to electrical failure. There can

be various reasons, but the outcome is always dangerous.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 3

(Saeed, 2018) proposed an IoT-based home fire prevention system

that has several sensors. The authors run several simulation experiments

and conclude that the system can detect early fire and keep the sensors'

energy consumption at an acceptable level.

A real-time monitoring system detects smoke in the air due to fire

and captures images via a camera installed inside a room. The embedded

systems used to develop this fire alarm system are Raspberry Pi and

Arduino Uno. The system's key feature is the ability to send an alert when

a fire is detected remotely. (Patil et al., 2019).

Built this system with the GSM module embedded in it, which helps

send alert SMS to the homeowners and the fire service personnel when

there is a fire outbreak before it gets out of range. This system also had an

ideal gas sensor used to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in

any place like cars, service stations, cylinders, storage tanks, and homes,

amongst other components. (Izang et al., 2018).

Gajare and Dr. Mahajan (2018) make a system that uses a

microcontroller and a sensing circuit that will detect gas leakage and fire

with an alarm system that gives alerts about fire or gas leakage. With the

installation of a GSM modem, SMS are sent to notify the user if there is

fire or gas leakage, and if the fire occurs, the water sprinkler sprinkles

water on the affected area to reduce the effect of the fire. A Fire and Smoke

detection system that can sense smoke and the rise in temperature and

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 4

alert the user by activating a buzzer also sends commands on a virtual

terminal of an android phone through a Wi-Fi module. Fire hazards are

not uncommon. To avoid injury from fire accidents, smoke detectors are

put in high-security places (Shah et al., 2019).

Senior high school students from Manila have developed an

internet-based fire alarm system that can notify your phone if a fire breaks

out in your home. Developed by students from the Mapua University

through funding assistance from the Department of Science and

Technology – Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging

Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD). The FLAME,

which stands for "Fire Luminosity and Multisensory Equipment," is a

device that uses heat signature mapping and a multi-sensor system to

detect if there is a fire and notify the homeowner through an app. Funded

under the Young Innovators Program (YIP), Project FLAME sought to

reduce the number of casualties and property destroyed by fire by

providing faster and reliable information to authorities.

The students used a thermal imaging camera, a current sensor, and

a gas sensor connected to the internet through which data output came

from their developed algorithm. Using the Internet of Things (IoT)

technology, the developed system, can monitor irregularities and other fire

hazards using video image analysis and create an accurate early detection

system. With its double trigger feature, accuracy is secured because it will

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 5

only alarm when a heat irregularity is shown in the heat map, and a fire

hazard sensor is triggered (Doroteo et al., 2019).

The system design presents a prototype for a fire safety and alert

system that sends alerts to the residents and firefighting facilities via SMS.

It is composed of four sensors that detect and sense the various factors

changed during fire: Flame detector that detects temperature and

humidity, MQ-2 for smoke and gas, and PIR motion. A sensor that adds

up an anti-burglar feature of the system. The smoke sensor has a built-in

potentiometer that allows you to adjust the sensor sensitivity according to

how accurate you want to detect gas. PIR motion sensors can detect the

presence of a person in a room. This motion sensor is integrated into alarm

systems and used to turn on security cameras (Perilla et al., 2018).

FireCheck – a fire hazard mapping and fire spread modeling project

funded by the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council

for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development

(DOST-PCIEERD). It will aid in mapping out fire hazards and where they

may spread to help authorities outsmart the disaster. The project,

implemented by the University of the Philippines-Cebu seeks to provide

emergency fire respondents and officials, strategic planners, and policy-

makers a wealth of information for fire disaster assessment and risk

evaluation to combat, if not mitigate, the negative consequence of the fire.

It is headed by UP Cebu Professor Leader Aileen Joan Vicente.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 6

Nazario said FireCheck’s hazard maps identify highly dense

residential areas in the cities prone to fire incidents considering the

construction materials used in the area, building density, and urban heat

island. Vicente said that besides the hazard maps, her team also created

3D maps of high-risk communities and fire spread models and simulations

that can provide predictive information on the fire's possible extent and its

potential damage. May use the data by these maps, models, and

simulations may be used to improve pre-fire plans, evacuation plans, and

investment plans for firefighting facilities and mitigation plans (Vincent,

2019).

Paculanan and Carino (2019) designed a system entitled "LPG

Leakage Detector using Arduino with SMS Alert and Sound Alarm," which

will help prevent any danger caused by gas leakage. This project aims to

detect the presence of LPG leakage as a part of a safety system. Apart from

sound alarm, an SMS alert will inform the authorized person and trigger

the solenoid valve to shut down the gas supply to prevent any harmful

effects due to gas leakage.

Arzadon (2016) designed a fire detection system using CCTV. First,

the system will detect the “fire-colored” area on the screen, if there is any,

by inspecting its YCbCr color space and RGB color space and conforming

to the fire color model. YCbCr color space, Y refers to the

brightness/luminance of the image, Cb refers to the blue-difference

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 7

chrominance, and Cr refers to the red-difference chrominance. In contrast,

in RGB color space, R refers to the Red channel, G refers to the Green

channel, and B refers to the image's blue channel. Then it will be analyzed

from frame to frame because fire is said to be a moving object. When the

first two steps have been passed, a sound and message alert will be created

by the system if it reached a level alert. The building administrator will set

the alert levels according to the fire region's total area in terms of pixels.

Iron classical to innovative: an implementation of an enhanced

alarm system in Calamba fire station. This study presented effective

alternatives to reduce unnecessary fire alarms and upgrade the current

fire alarm system in Calamba City Fire Station. Namely, using e-mail and

audible alarm with push-button and heat sensors, using short message

service (SMS), sensor, push button, an audible alarm, and using voice call

and audible alarm push-button and heat sensors setup. The management

agreed to use SMS and audible alarm to improve the method to maintain

this device (Sangalang et al., 2015).

Given that the world is moving towards the integration of physical

objects ("Things") through the evolution of IoT, an opportunity arises to

develop affordable and straightforward solutions to the fire problem based

on this trend. The cost of installing residential fire detection systems is

relatively high. In the case of a residential fire, individual homeowners'

level of unpreparedness is alarming because most residences are not fitted

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 8

with firefighting systems. Insufficient data and reports on fire accidents

due to the lack of technology incorporated into the fire rescue services is

also a long-standing problem across many fire departments, not just in

Urdaneta City. The aftermath of residential fires to families is often

monumental, resulting in significant losses.

The researcher’s primary goal is to provide an efficiently working

system and make solutions for the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City

problems. It will detect any fire/smoking activity taking place on the

premises and alert the user, who is located distantly, or in the failure of

fire alarms. This project bridges the acquisition gap by exploring the

Internet of Things and creating a simple solution to this menacing

problem.

This study aimed to develop an innovation to the Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City to monitor buildings and establishments and

reduce the burden of owners and the Bureau of Fire Protection of Urdaneta

City personnel. The following innovation will allow the Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City to balance its local economic development

objectives with its responsibility to safeguard and promote public welfare

and the interest of public service. This study discussed the advanced

design and architecture of an Internet of Things (IoT) based alarm system.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 9

Company Profile

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City came to exist or was

established during PC-INP sometime on the year of 1972. From 1972 to

November 30, 1994, an office or station was located beside Urdaneta

Municipal Hall, Alexander St., Poblacion, Urdaneta, Pangasinan.

The enactment of Republic Act 6975, otherwise known as the

Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, which took

effect on January 1, 1991, paved the way for the establishment of the,

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) as separate entities. Specifically, the Fire Bureau's

charter was created under Chapter IV (Section 53 to 59) and carried out

through Rule VII (Sections 49 to 58) of the Implementing Rules and

Regulations of the said law. The Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta has a

National Headquarters, a Special Rescue/HAZMAT Unit, an Emergency

Medical Services, a Special Operations Unit, an Arson Investigation Unit,

the Fire Law Enforcement Service, and the Fire National Training Institute.

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City is responsible for ensuring

public safety through prevention and or suppression of all destructive fires

on buildings, houses, and other similar structure, forests, and land

vehicles and equipment, ships, or vessels docked at piers, wharves, or

anchored at significant seaports, petroleum industry installations. It is

also responsible for enforcing the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185)

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 10

and other related laws, conduct investigations. Involving fire incidents and

causes thereof, including the filing of appropriate complaints or cases. The

Bureau of Fire Protection provides fire appliances depend on their

jurisdiction capabilities.

Mission

We commit to prevent and suppress destructive fires, investigate

their causes, enforce fire codes and other related laws, and respond to

human-made and natural disasters and other emergencies.

Vision

A modern fire service fully capable of ensuring a fire-safe nation.

Figure 1 illustrates the Organizational Chart diagram of the BFP

Urdaneta City, where the employee's hierarchical status relative to other

individuals within the company's internal structure details the roles and

responsibilities. Its purpose is to illustrate the reporting relationships and

chains of command within the organization. This most common model

situates the highest-ranking individuals atop the chart and positions

lower-ranking individuals below them.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 11

Figure 1 Organizational Chart of BFP Urdaneta City

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 12

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the proposed system can then become

the basis of firefighting service quality management. Studying the results

obtained through the IPO model (Input-Process-Output). The researchers

will use the IPO model to present the conceptual framework of the study.

Similarly, the IPO model has a causal structure of various group

processes, which are influenced by numerous input variables. Inputs are

conditions that exist before group activity, whereas methods are the

interactions among group members. Outputs are the results of group

activity that the team or the organization values.

Figure 2 illustrates the general flow and structure for the path of

this study. Based on the figure, this study's inputs include the existing

system requirements determination used by the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City. These inputs are necessary for the data gathering: gathered

through information by questionnaires, surveys, company’s profile, and

related review literature. The system development process is composed of

design, analysis, coding, testing, and deployment. The proposed system's

output can sense fire or smoke in a specified area, the system called

AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using

Arduino Uno for BFP Urdaneta. Feedback provides data that serves as a

guide in making changes in the input process to determine the value of

usability of the system.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 13

Figure 2 Conceptual Framework of the AppUy!

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 14

Statement of the Objectives

The study aimed to design and develop an IoT-based Fire Detection

and Monitoring System with SMS notification for the Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City. Specifically, the study aimed to find an answer

to the following objectives:

1. Identify the existing procedures of the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City in terms of:

a. existing fire detection system and equipment; and

b. reporting of incidents.

2. Identify the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City in terms of:

a. existing fire detection system and equipment; and

b. reporting of incidents.

3. Determine the framework to be used in the development of the

proposed system.

4. Identify the functional and non-functional requirements of the

proposed system.

Importance of the Study

The project “AppUy!" is a mobile-based Fire Detection and

Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for the Bureau of Fire Protection-

Urdaneta City that will help the fire department manage the commercial's

formation establishments in terms of a fire disaster.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 15

Using the mobile phone, the user can view the temperature and humidity

through a wireless connection with the help of the IoT of the proposed

system. The fire department can now encode all the information of the

commercial establishment. In case of a fire disaster, all the information

will automatically send via SMS to the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta

City. The information is composed of the establishment name, address,

and hardware position.

This study will encourage them to use it in their establishments if

there is a fire in the area. It will make it easier for the user to receive an

alert and the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City.

The researchers also provide some safety tips to prevent fire injury,

and there are also tips on how to use fire extinguishers.

The output of this study can be beneficial to:

Urdaneta City residents. The proposed system will guide and help

everyone in sending emergency reports they encountered and provide a

way for relaying the fast and accurate data to the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City in case of fire accidents.

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City. The given data will help the

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City locate the fire quickly and gather

some data to help reduce damage.

Commercial Establishments. This project study will help reduce fire

risk and prevent fire or smoke immediately. Keep alert especially to the

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 16

occupants of the building, prepare all possible self-protection and call the

fire department immediately.

Residential Establishments. This project study will help reduce the

probability of injury or loss of life and limit damage due to fire, smoke,

heat, and other factors.

Researchers. This project study will help the researchers widen their

knowledge and enhance their computer literacy and writing techniques

skills. It gives an overview of the IT industry to be more competitive in the

real world.

Future Researchers. The project study will serve as a reference

source in creating and developing a mobile-based IoT system for future

researchers and improving their knowledge.

Scope and Limitations

The design “AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring

System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City" is

proposed to build a multi-sensor to detect fire or smoke around its area.

In this study, the researchers will focus on the Arduino-based multi-

sensor model that includes a gas leak sensor, smoke sensor, temperature

sensor, and flame sensor.

The proposed system can detect fire or smoke around the area. It

can also send alerts with SMS notifications using GSM technology. This

system's actual output is to notify and send a message alert to the

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 17

owner of the building and the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City. The

message alert will only be sent whenever fire was detected. This project is

best suited for a small indoor environment such as offices, mini-stores,

apartments, or small houses. Since the researchers have more knowledge

in using blockly programming language, the IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) used in the project is Kodular.

This study can detect fire from one location only. If there is a fire in

more than desired locations, the system will not be able to detect, and no

record keeping is being done in the system. The project has been limited

to the desired area of use in various fields, such as houses, schools,

factories, power plants. Despite there being several categories of buildings,

this research mainly focused on residential buildings instead of business

premises and factories, which, in most cases, contain highly valuable and

costly assets and thus, might require a fire detection solution with very

high-performance standards.

Therefore, the high-performance standard implies that costly

devices have to be used to develop the prototype, which goes against the

researcher's goal of developing a cost-effective solution. The developed

prototype was tested using relatively small fires due to the risk attached

to starting large fires in a building.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 18

Definition of Terms

To fully understand the concept of this paper, researchers have

presented the definition of terms used in this study.

Alarm. A signal (such as a loud noise or flashing light) that warns or

alerts a device that signals. (Meriam-Webster, Incorporation, 2020).

The alarm will be used as a signal to inform or to give data to the

respondents.

Arduino. An open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software consists of both a physical programmable circuit

board and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload

computer code to the physical board (Arduino, 2020).

Arduino has hardware called Arduino boards that can read inputs -

light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it

into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing

something online (Arduino, 2020).

In this study, the Arduino/Arduino will be used as a board to hold

all the modules that give data.

Decibels. A unit is used to measure a signal's power, such as an

electrical signal or sound, relative to some reference level. An increase of

ten decibels in the power of a signal is equivalent to increasing its power

by a factor of ten. As a measure of sound intensity, a zero-decibel reference

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 19

is stipulated to be the lowest level audible to the human ear; The speaking

voice of most people ranges from 45 to 75 decibels.

In this study, the buzzer of the fire alarm is 90db (noisy restaurant).

DHT11. A basic, ultra-low-cost digital temperature and humidity

sensor that uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermostat to

measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data

signal on the data pin (adafruit.com).

This study will use DHT11 to gather humidity and temperature data.

Fire Alarm. A device that makes a loud sound to warn people when

there is a fire (Meriam-Webster, Incorporation, 2020).

In this study, a fire alarm will be used as a signal sound when the

system detects abnormal changes in a fire, smoke, humidity, and

temperature data.

Flame Detector. A flame detector optically senses radiation given off

by flames or glowing embers (American International Group, Inc,2014)

This study will use the flame detector to detect a nearby presence of

a flame or fire.

GSM Module. GSM can easily swap devices, thanks to the SIM card

that contains information that allows you to connect to a network, and it

can also contain contact information. Pop the card into a new phone, and

your phone number and contacts come with you. (Future US, Inc.,)

In this study, the GSM module will send alert messages to

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 Project Overview | 20

the homeowners and the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City.

HC-05. A Bluetooth device used for wireless communication with

Bluetooth-enabled devices (like a smartphone). It communicates with

microcontrollers using serial communication.

In this study, HC-05 will be used as a wireless connection to connect

a smartphone device to the system.

Internet of Things or IoT. A system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people provided

with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a

network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer

interaction. (Margaret Rouse, 2020)

In this study, the researchers will use an IoT to the system to be able

to transfer data over a network without human-to-human or human-to-

computer interaction.

Mobile Phone. A portable smart device is used for connecting to a

telecommunications network to transmit and receive voice, video, or other

data. Mobile phones typically connect to the public switched telephone

network (PSTN) through one of two categories: cellular telephone systems

or global satellite-based telephony (Borth, 2020)

This study will use the mobile phone to view all the data in the

system.

Smoke Detector. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire

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Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Project Overview | 21

alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke

detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or

visual alarm from the detector itself or several detectors if there are

multiple smoke detectors interlinked (National Fire Protection Association

(NFPA), 2019).

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The procedures by which researchers go about describing,

explaining and predicting phenomena are called research design. This

chapter captures the research design used, the study's target population,

sample design, method of data collection, data analysis, and presentation.

Applied developmental research design, which was adopted for this

research, is designed to solve the modern world's practical problems rather

than acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake (Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory, 2014).

This research identified a problem in the domain of fire accidents

where there is a need to innovate fire detection solutions that are more

accurate and have a low false alarm rate.

The researcher then reviewed both conceptual literatures

concerning concepts and theories and empirical literature consisting of

earlier studies similar to the one proposed. Concepts and theories include

IoT and the technologies that encompass it, such as sensors and

microcontrollers. This information aided in understanding the problem

and consequently laid the foundation for developing the proposed solution.

Scrum Development Model

Scrum is an adaptable, fast, flexible, and effective agile framework

designed to develop, deliver, and sustain complex products. The Scrum

 Methodology | 23

framework consists of Scrum Teams and their associated roles, events,

artifacts, and values. Each component within the framework serves a

specific purpose and is essential to Scrum’s success and usage. The scrum

team can easily and quickly adjust product goals during future sprints to

provide more valuable iterations.

Figure 3 illustrates how the scrum development model manages the

proposed project's process and how everything is to be done on the said

project. The Scrum software development team will know how to solve the

problem they are presented. The primary objective of Scrum is to satisfy

the customer's needs throughout the development of the project.

Elaborating a list of characteristics ordered that they want to obtain.

Figure 3 Scrum Methodology

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 Methodology | 24

Product Backlog Creation. The master list of work consists of

features that should be implemented and maintained by the owner's

product during the development process. It's ordered by priority, and every

item is called a user story. Every user story gets a unique ID and as a rule,

user stories have the following format: As a [User Role], I want to [feature

body] so that [User profit] (Medium, n.d.).

In this phase, the researchers identified the requirements needed for

the study by interviewing the clients. The researchers have coordinated

with the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City Fire Marshall Georgian

DM Pascua to provide the data and information that the researchers

needed to start the proposed system.

Table 1 shows the user story that the researchers have created using

the BFP Urdaneta City Fire Marshall requirements.

Table 1. User Story is a feature of the system which include the backlog
ID User Story Priority
01 As a client, I want the system to have the ability to call 1
the fire department to report an incident.
02 As a client, I want the system to have a backup power 2
source if there's a power interruption or a power
outage.

Sprint Planning. is an event where the Scrum Master, the team, and

the product owner determines the product backlog items they will work on

during that sprint and discusses their initial plan for completing

those product backlog items (Agile Alliance, 2021).

In this phase, the researchers distribute the reference they

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 Methodology | 25

selected to the top priority user stories from the product backlog and after

that, the researchers created the sprint backlog that consists of a list of

user stories completed during the current sprint. Sprint planning

represents a good opportunity to the researchers to gather everyone

together for planning the discussions.

Daily Scrum/Daily Work. is to inspect progress toward the Sprint

Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming

planned work. These meetings’ main goal is to get full and truthful

information about the current project status for the next day of work

(Scrum.org, 2021).

In this phase, after the actual user stories for the current phase are

chosen, the development process begins. The researchers will discuss the

task that has been finished and which task to choose next, and what

problems team members faced during the work.

Product Demonstration/Increment. are a conversation between

stakeholders and the team, these people successfully talk with each other

about the current status of the project and agree on next steps. The

purpose of the product increment is to invest in new product features in

small amounts regularly, which helps to shorten the time before feedback

is received. The Scrum team creates a review and demonstrates the results

of their work (Portal.net, n.d.).

In this phase, the researchers conducted an initial test to know if

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 Methodology | 26

the system works properly to its purpose to fix in early-stage any errors of

the system that may occur. Conducted continuous testing to know if the

system worked properly and tested in the BFP Urdaneta City.

Retrospective and Sprint Review. these improvements may be

implemented even during the sprint, sprint retrospective gives the Scrum

team a formal opportunity to discuss the process and motivates each team

member to voice their opinion and ideas (Star Infinity, 2021).

In this phase, the researchers demonstrated the Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City's proposed system and discussed how the system

improves its current processes.

Data Gathering Techniques

To gather all necessary data of the proposed system, must follow

methods. The researchers used the following methods to address the study

problem and identify the system's misconception.

Interview. The interview is the primary technique for information

gathering during the system phases of a development project. It is a skill

that every analyst must master. The analyst's interviewing skills determine

what information is gathered and the quality and primary tools of the

analyst (Modell, 2010).

The researchers interviewed the Fire Marshal to gathered data. The

researcher will ask a set of questions about the existing processes of the

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City and what are the possible

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 Methodology | 27

problems they encountered.

Observation. Observation is the selection and recording of behaviors

of people in their environment. It is useful for generating an in-depth

description of an organization or event, obtaining information that is

otherwise inaccessible, and conducting research when other methods are

inadequate (Anis, n.d).

The researchers observed the process relating to BFP on how to

understand their current processes further and record the important

details needed for the system's development. The researchers determined

that the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City's existing procedures use

an FDAS (Fire Detection and Alarm Systems) process to detect fire or

smoke and by receiving text messages, calls, or personal reports in

reporting incidents.

Literature Review. A literature review distills the existing literature

in a subject field; the literature review's objective is to summarize the state

of the art in that subject field. From this review of earlier and recent work,

it becomes possible to identify areas where further research would be

beneficial. It is therefore important that the literature review is focused

and avoids the more comprehensive textbook-like approach.

Books include bibliographies or lists of references to other useful

sources. The web provides access to a wide range of information. Still,

these sources are provided by a range of different individuals and

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 Methodology | 28

organizations, each with their messages to communicate and reasons for

making the information available. It can be difficult to evaluate web

resources. Many may be more suitable for the data gathering element of a

research project than as input to a literature review. (Rawley, J. et al.,

2014).

Sources of Data

The researchers interviewed the Fire Marshall and Bureau of Fire

Protection employees. Likewise, the researchers provided a survey

questionnaire to the residential and commercial areas to gather the needed

requirements of the proposed system that serves as the primary source for

the study's development. Secondary data sources are from books,

journals, the internet, and unpublished thesis book for the research.

Table 2. Table of Respondents

Respondents Frequency
Fire Marshal of BFP Urdaneta 1
Employees of BFP Urdaneta 15
Residential Owners 12
Commercial Business Owners 6
Total 34

Tools for Data Analysis

Data analysis was a detailed task and required thorough analysis.

The following are the tools that the researchers used:

Data Flow Diagram. Data flow diagrams are used to graphically

represent the flow of data in a business information system. DFD describes

the processes involved in a system to transfer data from the input to the

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 Methodology | 29

file storage and report generation (Visual Paradigm, 2020).

The researchers used the data flow diagram to established the flow

and the process of the proposed system. To create a graphical

representation of the process of the data inside the system and describe

the system's boundaries.

Fishbone Diagram. A Fishbone diagram illustrates the relationship

between an effect and all the possible causes. It is a problem-solving team

tool for identifying the causes of a problem relationship between an effect

and all the possible causes. It is a problem solving-team as a tool for

identifying all the causes of a problem they’re addressing on why the

problem occurs.

The researchers used the Fishbone diagram to find all the possible

causes of the problem presented to the connected branches of the

conditions of the current fire alarm detection system in BFP.

Gantt Chart. A Gantt chart, commonly used in project management,

is one of the most popular and useful ways of showing activities (tasks or

events) displayed against time (Gantt, 2020).

Gantt chart is useful for monitoring a project’s progress once it is

underway, too. You can immediately see what should have been achieved

by a certain date and, if the project is behind schedule, you can take action

to bring it back in the course (Emerald Works Limited,2020).

The researchers used the Gantt chart to show their timeline and

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 Methodology | 30

manage the time by developing their system and showing the details of the

proposed system's future progress.

Likert Scale. A Likert-type rating scale ranges from 1 (strongly

disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores are obtained by summing all

items, with higher summed scores indicating greater levels of acceptability

(Carter, S.L. 2010).

The researchers used five-point Likert scale questions in the

acceptability questionnaire because it would decrease the respondents'

level of dissatisfaction and increase the response rate and quality of

response. The five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree,

disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree.

Use Case Diagram. A Use case diagram represents the interactions

between the users and a system. The specification of a use case is to help

users picture themselves executing a task, allowing them to identify the

features that might require to support each step.

The researchers used the Use Case diagram to describe what the

user needs to do to identify all previous steps, which makes it easier for

what the user is trying to accomplish.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Chapter 3

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

The Current Processes of Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City

Existing Fire-Detection System and Equipment. The existing fire

detection system and equipment used by the Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City is the Fire Detection and Alarm Systems (FDAS). FDAS uses

smoke detectors and heat sensors to detect a fire before it reaches critical

levels. Fire detection and alarm systems can be divided into several general

types: conventional systems, addressable systems, analog, wireless, and

self-contained FDAS.

The conventional systems generally consist of a series of detectors

and call points wired to a control panel which drives the detectors in a

minimum of two sounder circuits, includes LED indicators, and allows de-

activation and resetting. The addressable systems central control panel

can identify exactly which detector or call point triggered the alarm. The

analog addressable systems or intelligent systems can include an

analytical capability in each detector, assessing local parameters to

determine whether the fault or a maintenance requirement. It can be

useful in preventing the occurrence of false alarms. The Wireless fire alarm

systems connect detectors and call-point to the control panel using

wireless signals. The self-contained fire alarm units are generally only

suitable for small installations. They consist of a single unit, including

break glass contact, sounder, power supply, battery, and charger.

 Discussion of Findings | 32

The fire detector is activated by either smoke, heat, or both. It is

connected to a central fire alarm control panel that activates the alarms.

Fire alarm and detection systems must be regularly inspected, serviced,

and tested.

The Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City's current types of

firefighting equipment are those portable tools and other appliances

carried on the pumper truck or fire engine, emergency supply, and the fire

protection uniform for the firefighters.

Reporting of Incidents. The Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta

City's reporting process provides some ways to contact them when fires

occur in the area. The fire witnesses can contact the emergency number

or hotline number of the BFP thru text messages, phone calls, or in-

personal reports. Afterward, the BFP officer will conduct a further

investigation after gathering necessary information from the witness,

including the reporter's personal information.

The BFP Urdaneta reminds the residents that if someone witnesses

a fire – call their emergency number immediately or report the incident to

the nearest fire station. The witness can activate the building fire alarm

system by pulling a manual fire alarm system to warn the occupants.

Figure 4 represents that the BFP officer acts immediately after

gathering necessary information from the witness. The personal

information they need to obtain and verify is as follows: Name of the

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 Discussion of Findings | 33

homeowner's building/house and the fire's address. Afterward, the

Bureau of Fire Protection officer will use this information for further

investigation to solve the issue.

Figure 4 Current Procedures in Reporting of Incidents

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Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Discussion of Findings | 34

Problems Encountered in the Existing Processes of Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta City

Based on the data gathered from the interviews and observations

that the researchers made, the following is the list of difficulties

experienced by the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta, along with the

following areas:

Existing Fire-Detection System and Equipment. The problems

encountered in the existing fire-detection system and equipment of Bureau

of Fire Protection Urdaneta City are as follows: (1) lack of fire alarm or fire

detecting systems, (2) lack of firefighting equipment, and (3) shortage of

BFP fire-fighters or personnel.

Reporting of Incidents. The problems encountered in the reporting

of incidents in the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City are as follows:

(1) no validations on reporting of incidents, and (2) false alarm report.

Solutions Adopted by the Existing Fire-Detection System and

Equipment. The possible solutions were also based on the number of

responses as follows; BFP requires the residents to install fire detection

system in their building for safety, provide additional firefighting

equipment to use by fire personnel of BFP Urdaneta City, and the

recruitment of additional BFP firefighters or personnel to increase the

existing personnel of BFP.

Solutions Adopted by the Reporting of Incidents. The possible

solutions were also based on the number of responses as follows:

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 Discussion of Findings | 35

BFP will verify the proof of residents of the witness to avoid false alarms,

a conduct more fire safety education to the residents.

Figure 5 illustrates the Cause-and-Effect Diagram of the problems

encountered in the existing processes of BFP Urdaneta City. It indicates

the problem, the contributing factors, and all possible causes for the

study's problem.

The Fishbone diagram (also called the Ishikawa diagram) is a tool

for identifying the root causes of quality problems. In this study, consistent

with software quality and system performance, a fishbone diagram has

been used to identify primary and secondary causes of errors and failures.

Figure 5 Cause-and-Effect Diagram of the Problems Encountered

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 Discussion of Findings | 36

The Framework of the Proposed System

A framework is often a layered structure indicating what kind of

programs can or should be built and how they would interrelate. Some

operating system framework also includes actual programs, specify

programming interface or offer programming tools for using the

framework.

The Internet of Things (IoT) Framework can be described as an

ecosystem comprising of several connected devices that communicate with

each other over the internet. These connected devices usually transfer and

sensitive data over the internet while requiring very little human

intervention.

Figure 6 describes how the "AppUy!" mobile application can receive

data of the temperature, humidity, and flame level using the IoT-based

Arduino fire detection device thru Bluetooth module and GSM module

alert message to the user. The users used the "AppUy!" mobile application

to view or access their data. Thresholds are set on all the sensors. When

these thresholds match the current state in the room, identification of fire

is made when a deviation on the set threshold is determined, the system

will directly send an SMS to notify the occupants and the fire department.

With this, the damage to property and loss of lives is reduced as the fire

department will be notified as soon as a threat of fire is detected. Figure 6

shows the architectural framework of the proposed system.

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 Discussion of Findings | 37

Figure 6 The IoT-Based Framework of “AppUy!”

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
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 Discussion of Findings | 38

In this paper, the researchers proposed a framework to be used for

the implementation of the AppUy!: A mobile-based fire detection and

monitoring system using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection. The

framework aims to detect a fire threat as early as possible and sends an

alert notification to the user when a fire or smoke is detected. The energy

consumption of the sensor nodes and the environmental conditions shall

be considered as it may affect the accuracy of Arduino fire detection device.

Hardware Requirements

These requirements are referring to the tangible materials needed to run

and deploy the system with its functionalities. These requirements ensure

the quality of performance of AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire Detection

System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City.

Table 11. Hardware Requirements

Hardware Client-side Server-side
Requirements Specifications Specifications
ARDUINO UNO Arduino uno N/A
Flame Sensor Flame sensor module N/A
Smoke Sensor Smoke sensor module N/A
Temperature and DHT22 temperature and N/A
humidity Sensor Humidity sensor
GSM Module SIM800l GSM module N/A
VOLTAGE Sensor Voltage Detection Sensor N/A
Buzzer Module 25V N/A
LED Light Red small LED N/A
BUCK Converter DC-DC Buck Converter N/A
9v battery LM2596S N/A
Bluetooth module Eveready N/A
HC-05 Bluetooth module
Mobile phone Master-Slave Android version
Android version 5.0 or higher 5.0 or higher

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 Discussion of Findings | 39

The above specifications are the minimum requirements to run the

proposed system.

Software Requirements

The software requirements are a set of configurations and

installation that have to be installed for the AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire

Detection System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City to be used.

Table 12. Software Requirements

Software Client-side Server-side
Requirements Specifications Specification
Operating System Android version 5.0 or Android version
higher 5.0 or higher
Bluetooth connection Bluetooth Bluetooth
GSM YES YES

Functional Requirements

Functional requirements explain what has to be done by the

prototype by identifying the necessary task, action, or activity. Functional

requirements of the proposed system include:

Sends Notification. This Arduino feature can send an SMS

notification to the user and the Bureau of Fire Protection for an early

warning of fire.

Smoke/Gas Detector. This feature of Arduino can detect smoke or

gas leaks. This smoke and gas detector module is connected to the Arduino

fire detection device and sends data to the user.

Flame Detector. The Arduino flame detector device can detect fire.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
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 Discussion of Findings | 40

It has flame, temperature, and humidity sensors. It gives an early warning

against any fire and is capable of protecting electrical panels/wirings.

Bluetooth Connectivity Features. This feature may help the Arduino

connect to the mobile phone and send data to the user when the Arduino

detects the flame, smoke, temperature, and humidity.

Temperature Detector. This feature of Arduino can detect room

temperature and measures the heat level when the Arduino detects fire

and automatically send its data to the user.

Sound Alarm. This feature of Arduino uses a buzzer to inform the

user that the Arduino detects fire or smoke. It activates a LED light that

glows and a buzzer whenever a flame or smoke is detected. Lights

Indicator. The Arduino fire detection device uses light to inform the user

that the Arduino detects fire or smoke. When there is flammable gas or

smoke, the red-light glows, and the buzzer beeps.

Humidity Level Indicator. This feature depends on the Arduino fire

detection device's temperature and pressure when the system detects

room humidity. Humidity range is 0-100% RH; +/-2% RH.

Contact Numbers Display. This feature shows all contact numbers

of the nearby Fire Department.

Safety Tips Features. The feature shows infographic images and text

on safety tips on how to use the Fire Extinguisher. Protect yourself, your

family, and your property in case of a fire.

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 Discussion of Findings | 41

Temperature and Humidity Value Display. The mobile application

can show all the temperature data come from Arduino. The temperature

range is -40 to 8 C; +/-0.5 C. Average sending period; 2 seconds, and it

has safety tips to get rid of the fire.

Smoke and Flame Value Display. The mobile application can show

the current values of the flame and smoke sensor. It also shows as joule(J)

inflame and C2O in smoke.

Non-Functional Requirements

The researchers discussed how to apply the ISO 9126 standard

quality model characteristics and sub-characteristics to evaluate the

AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using

Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City.

The ISO 9126 standard quality model has been developed to identify

key attributes of quality for computer software. This generic quality model

can then be instantiated as a model for internal quality or external quality

using different sets of metrics. Quality factors according to ISO 9126

include six quality characteristics include: Functionality, Reliability,

Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability, and Portability (Miguel et al., 2014).

Non-functional requirements are requirements that specify criteria

that can be used to judge the operation of a system rather than specific

behaviors. The requirement of NFRA in IoT system design is distinct since

the design relies on physical components, network protocols, and software

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
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 Discussion of Findings | 42

integration (Mahalank, 2016).

In this project, the researchers used ISO 9126 to determine the

acceptability of the Non-Functional Requirements of the proposed system.

It provides a detailed analytical tool and helps move beyond

superficial evaluation to achieve a more thorough view of the system's

strengths and weaknesses. Data analysis tools help the researchers to

make sense of the data collected. It enables them to report results and

make interpretations.

Table 3. Average Weighted Mean and Description on Acceptability Testing

AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTION
4.21 – 5.00 HA (Highly Acceptable)
3.41 – 4.20 A (Acceptable)
2.61 – 3.40 MA (Moderate Acceptable)
1.81 – 2.60 SA (Slightly Acceptable)
1.00 – 1.80 NA (Not Acceptable)
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

The researcher creates an acceptability questionnaire based on Non-

Functional Requirements classifications which are: Functionality,

Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability, and Portability.

Table 3 shows the basis for the level of acceptance and

implementation of the proposed system. The average weighted mean

indicates the range and description for the level of acceptance. The

researchers presented the proposed system to the users to gather the

perception regarding the following characteristics: Functionality,

Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability, and Portability.

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 Discussion of Findings | 43

Functionality. is the system's ability to do the work for which it was

intended for all of the requirements. Functions that satisfy the specified

requirements and defined as a software product that helps to meet the

needs of the clients (Professional QA, 2020).

Table 4. System Evaluation According to Functionality

FUNCTIONALITY WM DESC
1. Can software perform the tasks required? 4.3 HA
2. Does this software suit anyone? 4.1 A
3. Does the software show proper data? 4.3 HA
4. Buttons on the application are functional according 4.6 HA
to its functions.?
5. The information on safety tips in the application is 4.5 HA
correct?
6. Can the system interact with another system? 4.0 A
7. Do the software use security measures to protect the NA NA
data of the user?
8. Does the software meet the existing requirement? 4.5 HA
Weighted Mean 4.3 HA
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 4 shows that the respondents agree on the system's

functionality as reflected in the weighted mean of 4.3% (Highly

Acceptable). Respondents agreed that the software performs the tasks

required. Most respondents agreed that the systems software buttons on

the application are functional according to its functions.

Reliability. is the software's capacity to maintain a failure-free

software operation for a specified time in a specified environment. A set of

attributes that will bear on the capability of software to maintain the level

of performance (Geeks, 2020).

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 Discussion of Findings | 44

Table 5. System Evaluation According to Reliability

RELIABILITY WM DESC
1. Can the software fix all the bugs without any help from 4.1 A
humans?
2. Is the software capable of handling errors? 4.5 HA
3. Can the software resume working and restore lost data 3.1 MA
after failure?
4. if it is closed unintentionally, is the data still there 3.3 MA
when I open it again?
5. Does the software meet the existing requirement? 4.1 A
Weighted Mean 3.8 A
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA – Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 5 shows the reliability of the proposed system, and

respondents strongly agreed that the application is very reliable by

providing software resume working and restore the lost data after failure

3.1% (Moderate Acceptable). Respondents also agreed that the software

capable of handling errors. Overall, the reliability of the system has a

weighted mean of 3.8%, which is acceptable.

Usability. refers to the effort a user needs to put while exploring

products or systems, websites, software, and devices (Idri et al., 2013).

Table 6. System Evaluation According to Usability

USABILITY WM DESC
1. Does the system easy to understand without reading 4.5 HA
the manual?
2. Can the user learn from the software? 5.0 HA
3. Can the user use the system without much effort? 4.5 HA
4. Can the user use it without the internet? 5.0 HA
5. Can the software use on different platforms? 4.0 A
6. Does the text are too small? 4.5 HA
7. Does the interface look good? 4.6 HA
8. Does the software meet existing requirement? 4.1 A
Weighted Mean 4.5 HA
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Discussion of Findings | 45

Table 6 shows that the respondents agree on the usability of the

proposed system as reflected at the weighted mean of 4.5% (Highly

Acceptable). Respondents strongly agreed that the application system is

easy to understand without reading the manual. Respondents also agreed

that the application is easy to learn without much effort.

Efficiency. is defined as the ratio of output to input expressed in

terms of percentage. It is the calculation between the software's level of

performance and the number of resources used under predefined

conditions (Dimitris et al., 2006).

Table 7. System Evaluation According to Efficiency

EFFICIENCY WM DESC
1. Does it take minimal time in the recording of data? 5.0 HA
2. Does it take a minimal time for the button to respond? 5.0 HA
3. Does it take a minimal time to show the application’s 5.0 HA
details (i.e., images, icons)?
4. Does the software meet existing requirements? 4.1 A
Weighted Mean 4.8 HA
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 7 shows present the weighted mean regarding efficiency

gained 4.8% (Highly Acceptable). Respondents agreed that the buttons are

fast and organized for viewing applications images, icons, or the map.

Maintainability. is defined as the ratio of output to input expressed

in terms of percentage. It is the calculation between the level of

performance of the software and the number of resources used under

predefined conditions (Rebes, 2019).

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Discussion of Findings | 46

Table 8. System Evaluation According to Maintainability

MAINTAINABILITY WM DESC
1. Can faults be easily diagnosed? 5.0 HA
2. Can the software continue functioning if changes are 4.3 HA
made?
3. Can the software be tested easily? 4.0 A
4. Does the software meet existing requirements? 4.5 HA
Weighted Mean 4.5 HA
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 8 shows the results of acceptability testing regarding the

maintainability of the system that reflects the weighted mean of 4.5%

(Highly Acceptable). Respondents agreed that they can still modify it for

future enhancements, which can support if the software continues

functioning if changes are made.

Portability. is capable software should easily adapt to the

environmental changes frequently as possible. The ability of software to be

transferred from one environment to another (Codacy, 2021).

Table 9. System Evaluation According to Portability

PORTABILITY WM DESC
1. Can the software adapt from another mobile phone? 4.6 HA
2. Can the software be installed easily? 4.1 A
3. Does the software comply with portability standards? 3.6 A
4. Can the software easily replace other software? 4.5 HA
Weighted Mean 4.2 A
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA – Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 9 shows the results of the portability weighted mean of 4.2%

(Acceptable). Respondents agreed that the software could adapt from

another mobile phone. Respondents also strongly agreed that the

application system is easy to install.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Discussion of Findings | 47

Table 10. Summary of Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional Requirements MEAN DESC
1. Functionality 4.3 HA
2. Reliability 3.8 A
3. Usability 4.5 HA
4. Efficiency 4.8 HA
5. Maintainability 4.5 HA
6. Portability 4.2 A
Weighted Mean 4.3 HA
Legend: HA - Highly Acceptable, A - Acceptable, MA - Moderately Acceptable, SA - Slightly Acceptable,
NA - Not Acceptable;

Table 10 showed the summary of Non-Functional Requirements,

reflecting the weighted mean of 4.3% (Highly Acceptable). Based on the

summary result of the acceptability testing, the researchers have

conducted, the functionality of the system was rated with a weighted mean

of 4.3%, which is highly acceptable by the respondents.

Hardware Requirements

These requirements are referring to the tangible materials needed to

run and deploy the system with its functionalities. These requirements

ensure the quality of performance of AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire

Detection System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Discussion of Findings | 48

Table 11. Hardware Requirements

Hardware Client-side Server-side
Requirements Specifications Specifications
ARDUINO UNO Arduino uno N/A
Flame Sensor Flame sensor module N/A
Smoke Sensor Smoke sensor module N/A
Temperature and DHT22 temperature and N/A
humidity Sensor Humidity sensor
GSM Module SIM800l GSM module N/A
VOLTAGE Sensor Voltage Detection Sensor N/A
Buzzer Module 25V N/A
LED Light Red small LED N/A
BUCK Converter DC-DC Buck Converter N/A
9v battery LM2596S N/A
Bluetooth module Eveready N/A
HC-05 Bluetooth module
Mobile phone Master-Slave Android version
Android version 5.0 or higher 5.0 or higher

The above specifications are the minimum requirements to run the

proposed system.

Software Requirements

The software requirements are a set of configurations and

installation that have to be installed for the AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire

Detection System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection

Urdaneta City to be used.

Table 12. Software Requirements

Software Client-side Server-side
Requirements Specifications Specification
Operating System Android version 5.0 or Android version
higher 5.0 or higher
Bluetooth connection Bluetooth Bluetooth
GSM YES YES

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The project study entitled AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection

and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection-

Urdaneta City aimed to meet the following objectives; to identify the

existing procedures of Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta along with the

areas of (a) existing fire-detection system and equipment, and (b) reporting

of incidents; to identify the problems encountered of Bureau of Fire

Protection Urdaneta along the areas of (a) existing fire-detection system

and equipment, and (b) reporting of incidents; to determine the framework

to be used in the development of the proposed system; and identify the

functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed system.

The researchers used the scrum methodology in developing the

proposed system because with the division and assignment of roles and

tasks efficiently, this methodology helps us work successfully on a project.

The researchers conducted interviews with the Bureau of Fire Protection

City Fire Marshall Georgian DM Pascua to provide the data and

information that the researchers need the progress of the research. The

researchers also gathered data from the school library, magazines,

published and unpublished books related to the study of the researchers.

The study determined the Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City's

reporting process on how the residents act in some ways on how to contact
 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations | 50

them when a fire occurs in the area. Residents can contact the emergency

number or hotline number of the BFP thru text messages or in-personal

reports.

The researchers also defined the proposed system's functional and

non-functional requirements that describe what the system can do. The

researchers also defined the proposed system's hardware and software

requirements that what needed to be installed at minimum requirements

to be used.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers' conclusions are

as follows:

1. The researchers identified the current processes by the Bureau

of Fire Protection Urdaneta City in managing the possible problems in

existing fire-detection system and equipment, and in reporting of

incidents. The effectiveness of this process is to increase the quality of

services provided to the clients in the community, this project has been

made in order to help building or house owner to overcome the problem

which is fire spreading whenever the owner is not in the building.

2. The researchers identified that the problems encountered of

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City, in terms of existing fire-detection

system and equipment are lacks of fire controls and alarm systems, lack

of firefighting equipment, and shortage of BFP fire-fighters or personnel,

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations | 51

and in terms of reporting of incidents are no validations on reporting of

incidents and false alarm report. Therefore, these false alarms can cost

lives causing unnecessary panic.

3. The researchers specified the framework to be used upon

implementing the proposed system. The framework used in the

development of the proposed system is Arduino Uno for the main board of

the project, sensor modules to gather all the data, Adobe XD for the

application design, Arduino IDE for Arduino development, and C# and

Blocky codes as the programming language.

4. To achieve the system's functionality, the system's identified

functional requirements must lessen and eliminate the problems

encountered. Based on the summary result of the user's acceptability

conducted, the functionality of the system was rated with an average

weighted mean of 4.3%, which is equivalent to highly acceptable by the

respondents. The system is ready to be released and is recommendable to

be used by residential units and businesses located in a one-story

building.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations | 52

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the researchers

recommend the following for implementing the system.

1. For future researchers undertaking the same study, the

researchers recommend to use an alternative for the Bluetooth module to

have a more extended range in monitoring data from the application.

2. The researchers also recommend using a long-lasting battery for

the system for better monitoring.

3. The researchers recommend considering alternative sources of

power in instances of power interruption.

4. The researchers recommend the nearest BFP station in the user's

location.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
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AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendix A

Communication Letter
 Appendices | 61

Appendix B

Interview Guide

PROJECT TITLE: AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and

Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for BFP-Urdaneta

Please answer the following questions regarding fire incidents.

Name:(Optional) ______________________________ Date: _________________

Position/Job Description: _______________ Length of Service: ____________
Office of Assignment: ____________________

1) Based on your experience as a fire marshal of the city, what are

the common causes of fire in Urdaneta City, particularly in
establishments and residential units?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2) Based on your experience, what barangay in Urdaneta City has the
most fire incidents? And what are the potential causes?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3) How does the Bureau of Fire Protection of Urdaneta City

implement programs to alleviate cases of fire?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

4) How does the office accommodate reports and information related

to fire cases? How do you validate those reports?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 62

Continuation...

5) As a City Fire Marshall, how frequently do you monitor your fire

incidents in your area of assignment?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

6) What effect does a fire sprinkler system can to help prevent fire?
Do fire sprinklers work in high-rise buildings or establishments in
general?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

7) What are the communication types available in the fire alarm

systems that have already been used and implemented?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

8) Are you knowledgeable of the integration of technological

advancements like sensors, mobile technology, and others in the
preparation, mitigation, and information delivery to the people
which might give an opportunity to the BFP?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

9) Does BFP of Urdaneta City offer fire alarm systems to some

business establishments and residences? If yes, what should be
the minimum requirements to avail of those instruments?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 63

Continuation...

10) Based on the current process of the BFP, how do business

establishments and residences comply with the requirements set
by BFP?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
11) Are you the one who installs the fire alarm?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
12) What type of electricity do you use in installing a fire alarm? Is it
AC (alternating current) or DC (Direct Current)?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
13) Do you ask for reinforcement from nearby BFP if the incident
cannot be handled office alone? How do you communicate to other
BFP offices in case of reinforcement?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 64

Appendix C

Data Flow Diagram of the Arduino Uno

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 65

Appendix D

Circuit Diagram of the Arduino

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 66

Appendix E

Mock-ups

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 67

Appendix F

Project Gantt Chart

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 68

Appendix G

Use-Case Diagram

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 69

Appendix H

Hardware System of AppUy!

Inside of the Hardware

Outside of the Hardware

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 70

Continuation...

Side of the Hardware

Actual Hardware

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 71

Appendix I

Software Acceptability Test using ISO 9126

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
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Continuation...

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 73

Continuation...

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 74

Appendix J

Story Board

This section presents and explains the design and the features of

AppUy!: A Mobile-based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using

Arduino Uno for Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City. The following

plates describe and show how the system is going to work with a different

user.

Plate 1. Splash Screen Scene

Plate 1 shows the logo of the application and the client's logo -

Bureau of Fire Protection Urdaneta City. Plate 2 shows the main menu

scene.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 75

Plate 2. Main Menu Scene

Plate 2 shows the main menu, which serves as the homepage of the

application and contains the application's functionality. It includes

different buttons like a sensors button for the application's hardware, a

nearby fire station map, an emergency button, a safety tips, an about

button, and an exit button. Plate 3 shows the sensor scene value mode.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 76

Plate 3. Sensor Scene Value Mode

Plate 3 shows all the data received from the Arduino device. In this scene,

the user can see the value in numbers only. The user can also select any

sensor themes such as graphs, values, or both themed. Plate 4 shows

sensor scene graph mode.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 77

Plate 4. Sensor Scene Graph Mode

Plate 4 shows all the data received from the Arduino device. In this

scene, the user can see the value in graph mode only. The user can also

select any sensor themes such as graphs, values, or both themed. Plate 5

shows safety tips categories.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 78

Plate 5. Safety Tips Categories

Plate 5 shows the safety tips categories: how to use a fire

extinguisher, prevent a house fire, and during a house fire. Plate 6 shows

safety tips features on how to use a fire extinguisher safely.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 79

Plate 6. Safety Tips Features

Plate 6 shows the safety tips features on how to use a fire

extinguisher safely. Plate 7 shows a fire safety guide.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 80

Plate 7. A Fire Safety Guide

Plate 7 shows how to use a fire extinguisher with step-by-step

infographic images information to make it easy to understand. Plate 8

shows the nearby fire station scene.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 81

Plate 8. Nearby Fire Station Scene

Plate 8 shows the user's current location and the nearest fire

stations in Urdaneta City. Plate 9 shows the nearby fire station's contact

numbers.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 82

Plate 9. Nearby Fire Station’s Contact Numbers

Plate 9 shows the contact numbers of the nearby fire stations in

Urdaneta City. If the user clicked the nearby fire station logo, it would

display the said fire station's contact numbers. Plate 10 shows the

emergency button.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 83

Plate 10. Emergency Button

Plate 10 shows the emergency button it will automatically display

the BFP Urdaneta hotline in case of fire. If the user clicks on the button,

it indicates that the user called BFP Urdaneta, and the button will

automatically disappear. Plate 11 shows About.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 84

Plate 11. About

Plate 11 shows the developers of the AppUy! and all the researchers

behind this application.

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City
 Appendices | 85

GRAMMARLY RESULT

AppUy!: A Mobile-Based Fire Detection and Monitoring System using Arduino Uno for
Bureau of Fire Protection-Urdaneta City