Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades 1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Rationale

The ubiquitous nature of social media platforms like Facebook has

profoundly impacted the lives of individuals, particularly students. While
Facebook offers numerous benefits, including communication, information
dissemination, and social interaction, its potential impact on academic
performance remains a subject of debate. This study delves into the implications
of Facebook usage on the academic performance of Grade 12 learners in
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades (PSAT) using a quantitative approach.

Facebook has gained popularity due to the perceived value it provides to the
users. Dholakia, Bagozzi, and Pearo (2004) for example, highlighted that the
Facebook can be used to get information, learn how to do things, generate ideas,
make friends, and get someone to do things. Facebook has been defined by
Zukerberg (2005) as ‘an online directory that connects people through social
networks at colleges and universities. Zuckerberg originally created Facebook to
help students identify other students. Since its creation, its usage has gained
momentum particularly among students (Roblyer, McDaniel, Webb, Herman, &
Witty, 2010). Students used them not only for communication, learning activities
but also to socialize. Socialization is part and parcel of the young adult in their
daily life (Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010). In today's world, one of the easiest and
fastest ways to socialise is using the Facebook. Facebook usage has been
receiving numerous attentions. Some say it brings positive impact on students'
Academic Performance (Junco, 2012), some say no impact (Kolek & Saunders,
2008) while others say there is negative impact (Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010).
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Addiction is defined as an extreme craving for and commitment to

something, either physically or psychologically. In the current era, internet
addiction is the main emerging technology addiction. Serving as ways of
connection among people, addiction to the internet and social media has become
a pandemic globally. Among available social media, Facebook has become the
chief means of interaction, especially among university students. Despite its
usage as the bridge of connection, it is considered an emerging challenge in
different aspects, especially among the young generation and university
students, partly because of its heavy and aimless usage. As its users are
currently increasing, controlling the detrimental effects of Facebook is becoming
more challenging, specifically in developing countries with unconfirmed
regulatory policies. As the studies revealed, extended use of Facebook has led to
poor academic performance, bullying activities, decreased face-to-face contact,
sleep disruptions, and mental health disturbances. Log-in-related distractions
such as uploading, commenting, and chatting with friends are leading to
procrastination of learning activities and sinking academic success among
university students. The previous study revealed that too much use of Facebook
was related to a lower grade point average (GPA) and disturbances in daily
routine activities. It has been reported that students who are more addicted to
Facebook have poor study habits and lower academic achievements. Similarly,
those adolescents who were addicted to Facebook demonstrated poor study
habits, which resulted in deprived academic performances. Another study has
shown that students with high Facebook addiction had disturbed social
interactions and relationships that could affect their future careers. It has also
been reported that extensive use of Facebook is related to behavioral
disturbances and poor academic performance among university students, which
influences their ways of life and interactions with others. On the other hand,
Facebook addiction has been directly linked to anxiety and depression among
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university students and has impacted their social lives and mental well-being
(Aman Dule et.al.).

The rationale for this study stems from the growing concern among
educators, parents, and policymakers regarding the potential negative effects of
social media on students' academic success. While previous research has
explored this relationship, further investigation is needed to understand the
specific dynamics at play within a particular educational context.

PSAT, a renowned institution in the region, provides an ideal setting for this
study. The school's diverse student population, access to technology, and
emphasis on academic excellence offer a rich context for examining the
relationship between Facebook usage and Academic Performance.

Theoretical Framework

This research was anchored on the following theories:

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) Developed by Albert Bandura in 1986,

the Social Cognitive Theory explains that people learn by observing others within
the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences. The
theory emphasizes reciprocal determinism, where personal factors (such as self-
efficacy), behavior, and environmental factors (such as social media platforms
like Facebook) continuously interact. In the context of Facebook use, Grade 12
learners may model behaviors they observe from peers or online influencers.
Their academic behaviors, such as time management or study habits, may be
influenced by their social media interactions. Implications for Academic
Performance: If learners observe peers using Facebook for procrastination or
non-academic activities, they may adopt similar behaviors, leading to a negative
impact on their academic performance. On the other hand, if they observe
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positive academic-related behaviors, such as group study discussions or sharing

educational resources, this can lead to enhanced academic engagement.

Self-Regulated Learning (SRL, proposed by Zimmerman (1989),

focuses on learners’ ability to control their learning processes through setting
goals, monitoring progress, and managing time and resources. Facebook, as a
distraction, can interfere with students’ ability to self-regulate their learning,
particularly if they lack the discipline to limit its use during academic activities.
Implications for Academic Performance: Students who demonstrate strong self-
regulated learning skills may use Facebook in a way that enhances their learning
experience, such as through joining academic groups or utilizing educational
resources. However, those with poor self-regulation may struggle to manage their
time effectively, leading to negative consequences for their academic
performance.

The Uses and Gratification Theory, developed by Katz, Blumler, and

Gurevitch (1973), postulates that individuals actively seek out media to fulfill
specific needs, such as information, entertainment, social interaction, and
personal identity. In the context of Facebook use among Grade 12 learners, this
theory helps explain how students use the platform to satisfy different needs,
whether for academic purposes (e.g., accessing educational resources) or for
personal fulfillment (e.g., socializing with friends). The theory also acknowledges
that media usage patterns are influenced by individual motivations, which can
impact study time and focus. Implications for Academic Performance: According
to UGT, if students use Facebook primarily for social or entertainment purposes,
this may lead to distractions, reducing the time available for academic activities.
Conversely, if students use Facebook for academic collaboration or to access
educational content, it may enhance their learning experiences and potentially
improve academic performance.
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Conceptual Framework
The framework explores the relationship between Facebook usage and
academic performance among Grade 12 learners at the Pangasinan School of
Arts and Trades. The goal is to understand how Facebook, as a social media
platform, influences learners' study habits, learning engagement, and academic
outcomes.

1. Independent Variable: Facebook Usage Includes social interaction,

entertainment, academic collaboration, and information seeking.

2. Dependent Variable: Academic Performance Grades: Academic achievements

Study Habits: Time spent studying and the effectiveness of study strategies.

3. Mediating Variables Time Management Skills: The ability of students to

balance Facebook usage with their academic responsibilities. 4. Moderating
Variables Self-discipline: The ability to regulate Facebook use and minimize
distractions.

5. Theoretical Foundations Uses and Gratifications Theory: Examines how

individuals use media to fulfill various needs and how this usage impacts their
behavior and performance.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to investigate the implications of Facebook usage on
the academic performance of Grade 12 learners at Pangasinan School of Arts
and Trades. Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following questions:

1.What is the demographic profile of Senior High School learners in

terms of:

a. age

b. sex
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2. What is the implication of Facebook usage among Grade 12

learners in Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades to their academic
performance in terms of:

a. Frequency of Facebook usage

b. Grades

c. Classroom performance?

3. What possible suggestions can be taken from the result of this

research to alleviate the Facebook usage problems of learners?

Significance of the Study

The study "Implication of Facebook on the Academic Performance of
Grade 12 Learners in Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades" is significant
because it investigates the potential impact of Facebook use on the academic
performance of Grade 12 learners in a specific educational setting. This study
contributes to a growing body of research exploring the complex relationship
between social media and education.

Teachers: The findings can help teachers understand the influence of

Facebook on their students' academic performance and guide them in develop.

Parents: The study can provide parents with insights into the potential
effects of Facebook usage on their children's academic success, enabling them
to monitor and guide their children's online behavior.

Students: The study can raise awareness among students about the
potential consequences of excessive Facebook use and encourage them to
develop healthy habits for balancing social media with their academic
responsibilities. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship
between Facebook and academic performance, offering a foundation for further
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research and the development of evidence-based strategies to optimize the use

of social media in educational settings.

Research Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

PROFILE OF The Researcher To determine

THE will provide a the Implication
RESPONDENT methodology of Facebook
method mainly usage on the
S BY: known as survey
Academic
questionnaires
SEX: Performance of
as their research
GENDER: instrument to Grade 12
gather their data Learners in
SECTION: information. Pangasinan
School of Arts
The collected
data will be and Trades
Statement of the interpret and (PSAT).
Problem finalize by the
Survey researchers.
Questionnaires

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on Grade 12 learners enrolled in the Pangasinan
School of Arts and Trade during the academic year 2024-2025. It will examine
their Facebook usage patterns, including the frequency, duration, and purpose of
use, and explore the impact on their academic performance. The study will be
limited to Facebook as the social media platform under investigation, excluding
other platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. Additionally, the research will
not extend to other grade levels or schools, and it will only consider self-reported
data from students, which may introduce a level of subjectivity in the findings.
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Assumption

It is assumed that Grade 12 learners frequently use Facebook during their

personal time.

It is assumed that the amount of time spent on Facebook correlates with

the learners' academic performance, either positively or negatively.

It is assumed that the learners' usage of Facebook includes both academic

and non-academic purposes, which may impact their academic outcomes
differently.

Definition of terms

To give a smooth progress of understanding and clarity of the research, the

following terms are theoretically defined based on how they are used in the
study.

Facebook Usage: Refers to the frequency, duration, and purpose of using

Facebook among Grade 12 learners, measured through a validated
questionnaire.

Academic Performance: Refers to the students' overall academic achievement,

measured by their grades in various subjects.

Mediating Factors: Refers to variables that influence the relationship between

Facebook usage and academic performance, such as time management skills,
self-regulation, and academic motivation, measured through a validated
questionnaire.
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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study utilized quantitative cross-sectional study. Calmorin (2016)

defined the descriptive design as the study that focuses on the present condition,
with the about the nature of objects and persons purpose of finding new truths.
Descriptive studies, accordingly, are valuable in providing facts in which scientific
judgments may be based. They provide essential knowledge. It is descriptive
since it involves gathering of information or conditions or relationships existing at
a particular period. It also describes and elaborates the nature and causes of an
existing phenomenon at the time of the study.
A cross-sectional survey collects data to make inferences about a
population of interest (universe) at one point in time. Cross-sectional surveys
have been described as snapshots of the populations about which they gather
data. Cross-sectional surveys may be repeated periodically; however, in a
repeated cross-sectional survey, respondents to the survey at one point in time
are not intentionally sampled again, although a respondent to one administration
of the survey could be randomly selected for a subsequent one. Cross-sectional
surveys can thus be contrasted with panel surveys, for which the individual
respondents are followed over time. Panel surveys usually are conducted to
measure change in the population being studied (http://methods.sagepub.com).
In this study, the cross-sectional descriptive study was utilized to
determine the demographic profile and its relation to the factors that affect the
work immersion of Grade 12 TVL learners.
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Sources of Data

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted in Schools Division Office I of Pangasinan

among SHS offering TVL.
Pangasinan, as seen on Figure 4, derived its name from the word
“panagasinan”, which means “where salt is made”, owing to the rich and fine
salt beds which were the prior source of livelihood of the province’s coastal
towns. Blah Blah sample only

Population Sampling

Instrumentation and Data Collection

Validity and Reliability

Tools for Data Analysis

Percentage.
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