lOMoARcPSD| 47962196

Describing Graphs/ Charts

Tips for writing

1.  Identify the Main Idea: Begin by determining the main concept behind the graph or table. This will be
the focus of your first sentence.
(মূল ধারণা চিচিত করুন)
2.  Consider the Details: Pay attention to details such as units of measurement and the time frame
presented. Decide how much of this information is essential to include in your description.
(তথ্যের চিস্তাচরত চিথ্িিনা করুন)
3.  Choose Appropriate Language: Use suitable introductory expressions and pay attention to the tenses
of the verbs. Ensure you use correct expressions for time and measurement.
(যযাযয ভাষা চনিািন ব করুন)
4.  Craft the First Paragraph: Keep it brief. Clearly state what the chart shows and provide context
regarding where and when the data was collected.
(প্রযম প্োরাগ্রাফটি সংচিপ্ত রাখুন)
5.  Avoid Repetition: Instead of repeating words from the question, utilize synonyms or similar phrases to
express the same idea.
(প্ুনরািৃচি এচ়িথ়্ে িলুন)
6.  Describe Trends: Highlight observable trends in the data, supporting your observations with numerical
evidence from the chart.
(প্রিণতা িণনা ব করুন)
7.  Summarize Key Points: Conclude by emphasizing the most important insights the information
provides. You can also speculate on future trends.
(মুল প্থ়্েন্টগুথ্লা সংথ্িথ্প্ তু থ্ল ধরুন)
8.  Focus on Description: Avoid attempting to explain the data. In this type of exam question, your task is
simply to describe what the chart conveys, not to analyze why it happened.
(িণনাথ্ত
ব মথ্নাথ্যাগ চিন)

Introductory Expression

• The graph/table shows/indicates/illustrates/reveals/represents...

• It is clear from the graph/table...
• It can be seen from the graph/table...
• As the graph/table shows,...
• As can be seen from the graph/table,...
• As is shown by the graph/table,...
• As is illustrated by the graph/table,...
• From the graph/table it is clear....

It is highly important to avoid personal pronouns. Instead of saying We can see from the graph...,
it is better to use the passive or impersonal constructions (It can be seen from the graph…)
 Sample Graph Description
Q1. The bar chart shows the amount of money spent on two types of electronic items in
country X. Describe the chart in at least 80 words. You should highlight and summarize the
information given in the chart.

The chart gives information about how much money was spent on computers and smartphones
in country X between the years 2011 and 2015.
As is shown in the chart, there were upward trends in spending on both the items. Computer sales
increased steadily by $5 million each year. On the other hand, smartphone sales remained level
at $10 million until 2013 and then increased dramatically, reaching $45 million in 2015.
Although they were still less than the value of computer sales, they were only $5 million behind.

People’s total expenditure on these electronic devices rose dramatically in this period. The total
was $40 million in 2011, and it rose to $95 million in 2015.
Overall, the sales of both of these items grew, but smartphone sales grew more quickly. If these
trends continue, it is likely that smartphone sales will overtake computer sales in 2016 or soon
after. (Adapted from British Council)

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Q2. The following graph shows the GDP growth rate of Bangladesh from the fiscal year
2007 to 2016. Describe the chart in at least 80 words. You should highlight and summarize
the information given in the graph.

Bar graph

The graph illustrates the GDP growth rate of Bangladesh between the fiscal years 2007 and 2016.
It can be seen that the growth rate was 6.43 in 2007. The rate slightly fell to 6.19 in 2008. A
considerable fall in the rate is seen in 2009, which was 5.05. The rate continued to rise up to
5.57, 6.46, and 6.52 in the fiscal years 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively. However, in 2013, the
rate again fell to 6.01. Afterwards, the rate continued to rise from 2014 to 2016. The rate were
6.06, 6.55 and 7.11 in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. The highest growth rate is
seen at 7.11 in 2016.
Overall, a fluctuating/ rise and fall/ irregular trend is clearly seen in the GDP growth rate in
Bangladesh.
/ It is evident from the graph that the GDP growth rate in Bangladesh has a fluctuating/ rise and
fall/ irregular trend.

Note: Be careful with the use of Tense. Use present when you write anything about your
observation from the graph. In the case of year-wise explanations, use of past tense is
quite common i.e. It is seen (Not we can
see/ It was seen) in the graph that the rate increased (increases is less common) from
2.75 to 3.10 in the year 2011. Present perfect can also be used as per the context.

Q3.The average prices per kilometre of clothing imported into the European Union from six
different countries in 1993 and 2003 are shown in the bar chart below.

The bar graph shows average price the European Union (EU) spent for per kilometre clothing
import from six different years in 1993 and 2003. It is obvious that the EU paid the highest
amount for each kilometre costume to Argentina.

According to the illustration, the EU spent the highest amount for clothing import from
Argentina which was approximately 28 pounds per kilometre. This rate was significantly higher;
almost 7 times higher than the rate it gave to Bangladesh. The second and third highest rates were
given to Brazil and Japan, roughly 23 and 15 pounds respectively. China and India got less than
that and their rate was higher than the import rate from Bangladesh. The latter received only
around 3 pound per kilo which was almost three times less than the rate paid to Japan.

The rate went higher in 2003 for China, India and Bangladesh, which were the least paid
countries in a decade earlier. The price for costume import from Brazil remained unchanged
while slightly declined for Argentina and Japan. Despite the price changes, Argentina and Brazil
were still highly paid than that of India and Bangladesh while China’s price went as high as 17
pounds, almost double than that of 1993’s rate.

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Pie chart
Q4. The pie chart below shows the rate of daily lunch sales by Food Network. Describe the
chart in at least 80 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in
the chart.

The pie chart represents the percentage of lunch item sold by Food Network with daily total sales
of $2,000.
It can be seen from the chart that there are 5 different items: Sandwiches, salads, soup, beverages,
and desserts. Among them, 40 per cent of the total sales is seen for sandwiches. The rate of salad
sales is 21 per cent. Both soup and desserts are seen to be sold with equal percentage that is 15 per
cent. The lowest percentage of sales is seen in the case of beverages that is 9 per cent.
To sum up, it is clear from the chart that sandwich is the most popular lunch item sold by the shop.

Extra

01 The pie-chart below shows the sources of US Electricity, 1970. Now write a paragraph describing the
 information of the following

chart/graphs.
[D
B ’17]
Ans : Sources of US Electricity, 1970
The pie chart shows how electricity was generated in the US in 1970. It clearly shows that coal and gas provided the most of
electricity produced that year. Only coal accounted for almost half of US electricity production, at 46%. This was almost
twice as much produced by natural gas, which provided just over 24.3% of power. Renewable sources of electricity, such as
hydroelectric power, supplied less than 16.2% of electric power. A small proportion 12.1% come from oil fired power
station. By far the smallest sector was nuclear power which accounted for less than 2% of US electricity supply. In fine we
notice that coal and gas dominated power production in the US. Hydro-electric power station, nuclear facilities and oil
burning turbines produced just over a quarter of US power needs.

02 The chart/graph shows the gradual rise in the internet users in Bangladesh. Now, write a paragraph
analyzing/describing the graph and give a suitable title to

it.
[RB ’17]
Ans : The Internet Users in Bangladesh
The graph above clearly shows the number of internet users in Bangladesh. It shows that the number of internet users has
increased to a large extent. The graph shows the rise in the internet users from 2000 to 2009. In 2000, the number of the
internet users was .003 lac whereas in 2002, it rose to 1.50 lac in number. In the next year, the number of the internet users
reached to 2.43 lac and it reached to 3 lac in 2005. In 2007, the number of the internet users rose to 5 lac.

In 2008, the users of the internet were 5.56 lac which rose to 6.17 lac in the next one year. From the above graph, it is
crystal-clear that more and more people are being interested in using internet keeping pace with the developed countries. It
would not be wrong to say that the day is not far away when almost everyone will use the internet in their daily activities.

03 The chart below shows the sources of air pollution in a city. Describe the chart in 150 words. You should
highlight and summarise the information given in the

chart.
[DinajB-’17]
Ans. Air Pollution in a city
The pie chart is about air pollution in a city. The chart is divided into 5 parts. It shows the sources that cause air pollution in
various degree. The chart also shows the percentages of liability of these sources for air pollution. We know that the vehicles

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running in the city emit gases and pollute air. It is 60 percent liable for air pollution. Actually, this source is the main culprit
for air pollution. Then it is industries and factories. At the time of power generation, industries and factories emit gases and
cause air pollution. It is 17 percent liable for air pollution. Power plant centres also emit gases and they are 14 percent liable
for air pollution. Heating and/ or air-conditioning are/ is 6 percent liable for it. However, last of all, water disposal bears the
rest 3% liability for air pollution. This is the calculation of total 100 percent liability of air pollution. In fact, all these sources
of air pollution are the key elements of our modern urban life. So, air pollution is the curse of our modern urban life.

04 The graph below shows the number of people living below the poverty line. Now, write a paragraph based on
the information given in the graph and give a suitable title to
it. [JB ’17]
The Number of People Living below the Poverty Line (%)

Ans : The Number of People Living below the Poverty Line

Bangladesh is a developing country and almost 50% people here live below the poverty line. The above graph shows the rate
of people living under the poverty line from 1995 to 2010. The graph shows that in 1995, population below the poverty line
was 35.6% and between 1995 and 2004, it came up to 38%. It was unfortunate that population below poverty line in 2004
became 45% and this rate was 44% between 2004 and 2008. But again the situation began to improve.

The rate came down to 36.3% in 2008. Between 2008 and 2010 the rate was 32%. The 35.6% rate of 1995 came down to
31.51% in 2010. During these 15 years, the number of people living below the poverty line came down to a great extent.
People struggled against poverty and worked hard to improve their condition in these 15 years. Yet, the improvement
attained in these years is not so much satisfactory as we expect.

05 The pie chart below shows the time allocation of a student’s daily activities. Describe the chart in 150 words.
You should highlight and summarize the information in the chart.

[CB ’17]
Ans. Daily activities of a student
The pie chart shows six daily activities of a student. In general, the chart describes the percentage of time doing different
activities in a day by a student.

From the chart it becomes clear that the student spent 20% time of a day by studying. He/she spent 12% time of a day as a
part of recreation. And the chart shows that the student allocated 5% time of a day for playing. He/she spent 25% time of a
day in college. For sleeping the student spent 30% time of a day. And 8% time of a day is allocated for other activities.
The above chart indicates that the student spent more time in sleeping than study, play, recreation and other activities. Again
he/she allocated more time in study than play, recreation and other activities. And he/she has to spend more time in college’s
activities than playing, recreation, studies and other activities. He/she allocated very short time for other activities.

06 Look at the chart below. It is about the choice of profession by different educated people. Now describe the
chart in your own
words. [Ct
gB ’17]
Govt. Job Farming Business I

80% 4% 10% 6

Ans : People of Different Professions

This is a simple chart which shows the tendencies of our educated people towards the choice of profession. In the chart we
see that most of the educated people in our country want to get a government job. The percentange of such people is 80%.

Although ours is an agricultural country, according to the chart, only 4% of the educated youths like farming while 10% of
them are desirous of taking up business as their profession. Intellectual work is very significant for a nation. From the chart,
we see that only 6% youths select it as their profession. However, government job is overestimated while farming and
business sector are underestimated in our country.

07 The pie chart below shows the percentages of types of transportation used by 800 students to come to college.
Describe the chart in 150
words. [SB

’17]
Ans : Types of Transportation Used by Students (%)
The pie chart provides information about the percentage of types of transportation used by 800 students to come to college.
In the chart we can notice that 45% of the students use bicycle to come to college. The chart shows that there is a downfall in
students’ tendency to use car. Only 10% of the students use car to come to college. 30% of the students come to college by
bus. And 15% of the students come to college on foot.

So, from the chart we can say that there is a steady rise in students’ tendency to use bicycle. But on the other hand the rate of
students who use car is very poor.

08 Write a paragraph on how a family’s household income is distributed into different categories describing the
information of the following pie

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chart.
[BB ’17]
Ans. A Family’s Household Expenditure
The pie chart shows the rate of different categories of the distribution of a family’s income. They use 25% income for food,
13% for clothes, and 22% for education. For power, transport and other daily uses, 5%, 12% and 8% are the percentages of
use of income respectively. 15% money is saved.

So the largest portion of the family’s income (60%) is used for essentially needed things e.g. food, clothes and
education. Other relevant necessities like power and transport cost them 17% of the income. Other expenditure is 8%. Only
15% money is saved.

The situation tells us that the total income of the family is not too much to have beyond an average life standard.

09 The graph below shows Ritu’s time spending on various activities. Describe the chart in 150 words.

Ans : Ritu’s Time spending on Various Activities

The graph shows Ritu’s time spending on various activities. The graph shows that there is a rise in Ritu’s tendency to spend
time in college. She spends 25% of the time in college. She also spends 25% of the time in sleep. It is observed that she
spends 19% of the time in playing.

The chart shows that Ritu spends only 6% of the time in taking meals. It is found that she spends only 10% of the time in
doing homework. The graph shows that she spends 15% of the time in entertainment. So from the graph it can be said that
the picture is good in terms of Ritu’s attraction to college. Unfortunately Ritu has less attraction to homework.

10 The pie chart below shows the passing rate of different subjects in class XI in the first terminal exam of 2016 in
Govt. H.C Girls’ College. Write a paragraph on the pie chart and give a title to it.

Ans : Statistics of Passing Rate

The pie-chart shows the passing rates of four different subjects- Bangla, Computer, English and Mathematics in Class XI in
the first terminal exam of 2014 in Govt. H.C Girls’ College. From the chart we find that the passing rate is satisfactory in
Bangla. It is almost 100%. Next to it is English which is 90%. The lowest passing rate is found in Mathematics. It is 20%
only. It is not satisfactory. The second lowest passing rate is found in Computer. It is 65%.

11 The graph below shows ‘Infant Mortality Rate’ from 2005 to 2012. Describe the graph in 150 words. Infant
mortality rate (death 1,000 infant)

Ans : Statistics of Infant Mortality Rate

The graph shows the gradual reduction of the infant mortality rate in Bangladesh. The graph shows that the infant mortality
rate was 62.6 in 2005. Then in 2006 it shows that the reduction of infant mortality rate was 60.83. Again in 2007 we find
further improvement in infant mortality rate which was 59.12. Again, the graph indicates the decreasing infant mortality rate
that was 57.45 in 2008. Next we can see a sudden increase in infant mortality rate as 59.02 in 2009. Then the graph upholds
the reduction at infant mortality rate of 52.54 in 2010. Subsequently, it pictures the lower rate of infant mortality rate by
50.73 in 2011. In fine, we catch sight of the infant mortality rate of 48.99 in 2012. At last the government as well as the
conscious people should come forward to diminish infant mortality rate by this time from our country.

12 The graph below shows the kinds of movies liked by some of your classmates. Describe the graph in 150 words.
You should highlight and summarize the information given below.

Ans : The Kinds of Movies Liked by My Classmates (%)

The graph provides information about the kinds of movies liked by some of my classmates. In the graph we see that about
11% of my classmates like comedy movie. Above 40% of my classmates like horror. Less than 10% like drama and 50%
like sci-fi.

From the chart we can say that the first choice of my classmates is sci-fi and the second choice is horror movie. Then it is
comedy. It is their third choice. However, it is observed that classmates are not so interested in drama. Among the 4 items its
position is the last of all.

13 The graph below shows the results of HSC exam of XYZ College from 2008 to 2012. Describe the chart in 150
words. You should highlight and summarise the information given in the chart.

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Ans : The results of HSC Exam (2008-2012)

The graph shows the results of HSC exam from 2008 to 2012. In 2008 we observe that the percentage of pass was about
78% and the percentage of GPA 5 holders was about 25%. In 2009 we see that more than 80% students passed the exam.
The percentage of GPA 5 holders was about 24%. The passing rate gradually increased. In 2010 about 85% passed while
about 25% students got GPA 5. In 2011 the rate of GPA 5 holders decreased. The percentage was about 22%. On the other
hand about 98% passed the exam. In 2012 the rate of pass and the rate of GPA 5 holders tremendously increased. 100%
students passed the exam while about 42% students got GPA 5.

From the graph we can say that the total picture of the results of HSC exam is satisfactory.

14 Look at the chart below. It shows some information about some countries including Bangladesh. Now describe
the chart in your own words.
Bangladesh Sri Lanka India

Land area 1,44,000 sq km (apx) 65,600 sq km 3,27,590 sq km

Population 150m 20m 1.15b

Density of population 1000 332 382

Birth rate (per 1000) 20.1 17.42 22.22

Death rate (per 1000) 6.1 5.92 7.48

Growth rate 1.40% 0.7% 1.41%

Ans : Demography of Four Countries
The chart presents some important information about the four countries of the world namely Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India
and China. The pieces of information are about land area, population, density of population, birth rate, death rate and growth
rate. If we see the land area, Bangladesh is larger than Sri Lanka, smaller than India and China is the largest. Population is
the highest in China but its population density is far less than of Bangladesh. Actually Bangladesh is the first in this respect.
The birth rate of India occupies the first place among these countries while Bangladesh is second in this respect and China is
the last. Death rate in India is 7.48 while in Bangladesh 6.1, in Sri Lanka 5.92 and in China 7.03. So, it is the highest in
India. The birth rate and the growth rate are also the highest in India. It is 1.40% in Bangladesh. China is the last in this
respect.

15 Write a paragraph on “The amount of production of winter vegetables” describing the information of the
following graph.
 Production of winter vegetables (number in thousand tons)
Ans : Production of Winter Vegetables
The above bar-chart shows the amount of production of winter vegetables (in thousand tons). We can notice from the chart
that among all winter vegetables, cabbage gets the highest production.

The amount of cabbage produced each year is 119 thousand tons. Cauliflower obtains the second position in amount. It is
about 82 thousand tons each year. Cucumber is in the third position in the amount of production. We get 22 thousand tons of
cucumber each year.

Again the lowest production of vegetables goes to Chichinga. It amounts in 12 thousand tons. The second lowest amount of
production goes to Puisak. It is 18 thousand tons in amount.

16 The bar graph shows the growth of the world population. Now, write a paragraph in 150 words describing the
bar graph.

Ans : World Population Growth

The bar graph shows the growth of the world population between the year 1750 AD and 2000 AD. In the year 1750 the
world population was 800 million. By the year 1800 the population rose to 1000 million.

So it is found that in the 50 years between the year 1750 and 1800 the increased population is 200 million. And in the year
1850 the population rose to 1250 million. In these 50 years the growth is 250 million. In another 50 years world population
reached to 1500 million. Again in 1950 world population rose to 2000 million. But finally in 2000, world population rose to
6000 million. In these 50 years world population increased 4000 million!

So, it is seen that population is growing always.

17 The chart below shows the flow of remittance in Bangladesh during the period 2009-2012. Now describe the
chart in your own English and give it a title.
Year Amount of remittance (in millions) Number of Immigrants

2009 $3,177.85 2,54,110

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2010 $4, 561.62 2,70,550

2011 $4, 255.19 2,52,000

2012 $5, 001.20 3,80,710

Ans : Flow of Remittance in Bangladesh

The above mentioned chart shows the flow of remittance in Bangladesh during the period 2009-2012. It is clear that the
highest number of migrants who sent the highest amount of remittance came in 2010.

We see from the chart that the amount of remittance was $3,177.85 million and the number of migrants was 2,54,110 in
2009 and steadily increased to $4,561.62 million and 2,70,550 in 2010. But decreased in the next year to $ 4,255.19 million
and 2,52,000 in 2011. In 2012 the amount of remittance increased to $ 5,001.20 million while the number of migrants
increased to 3,80,710.

In conclusion, it can be said that the flow of remittance is on the increase in our country which is a good sign for our
economy.

18 Look at the chart below. It is about using various mobile phone features in South Korea. Describe the chart in
about 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information given in the chart.
2006 2008

Make calls 100 100

Take photos 66 71

Send & receive text messages 73 75

Play games 17 42

Search the Internet no data 41

Play music 12 18

Record video no data 9

Ans : Percentage of mobile phone owners using various mobile phone features
The chart provides information about using various mobile phone features in South Korea. In the year 2006, 100% of the
mobile phone owners made calls while 66% took photos, 73% sent and received text messages, 17% played games, 12%
played music. But there is no data about the mobile phone owners who searched the internet and recorded video. But in 2008
percentage increased. In 2008, 100% of the owners made calls while 71% took photos, 75% sent and received text messages,
42% played games, 41% searched the internet, 18% played music, 9% recorded video.

In 2010 we find some changes. In case of making calls the rate slightly decreased. 99% of the owners made calls while 76%
took photos, 79% sent and received text messages, 41% played games, 73% searched the internet, 26% played music, 35%
recorded video.

From the chart we can say that making phone calls is the best feature of mobile phone.
19 The following bar chart shows the percentage of early marriage in Bangladesh, India and Nepal in different
decades. Now write a paragraph on “Statistics of Early Marriage” depending on the chart given below.

Ans : Statistics of Early Marriage in Bangladesh, India and Nepal

The chart provides information about the rate of early marriage in Bangladesh, India and Nepal between 1980 and 2010. In
the chart we can notice some changes in the rate of early marriage in different years. In 1980 the rate of early marriage in
Bangladesh was 30% whereas for India it was 35%. In Nepal the rate was less than 35%. In 1990 the rate of early marriage
in Bangladesh and Nepal was the same. It was 30% for the both countries. But for India it was still 35%. In 2000 the rate for
Bangladesh and India increased but for Nepal the rate decreased. In this year the rate for both countries increased to 40 and
45% respectively. But in Nepal it was 15%. Again in 2010 the rate of early marriage in Bangladesh did not change. But in
Nepal the rate again slightly decreased than the previous year. And it was about 13%.

From the chart we can say that the rate of early marriage in Bangladesh and India is gradually going up while it is gradually
going down in Nepal.

20 Look at the following graph. It shows the grade of students of a class. Now describe the graph.

Ans : Proportion of Students

The graph provides information about the grade of students of a class. The chart shows that over all almost 38% of the
students passed. More than half of the students obtained a very good grade, with 6% getting a distinction and 33% getting a
merit grade. While 21% of the students failed.

So according to the graph we can see that the result of the class is excellent. If the teachers take extra care about the students
who failed, they will be able to pass the exam.

21 The graph shows yearly Imports and Exports (Billion Dollars) of a country. Describe the graph in 150 words.
You should highlight and summarize the information given in the graph.

Ans : Imports and Exports

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The bar chart shows the change of imports and exports from 2009 to 2011.

In 2009, the amount of exports was 15.07 billion Dollars, while the amount of import was 19.76 billion Dollars. In 2010, the
export money increased to 16.24 billion Dollars and the import was of 21.34 billion Dollars.

At last in 2011, the amounts of export and import money were 23.86 and 31.75 billion Dollars respectively.

So both the export and import increased through these years.