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1. DATA ITEMS, LISTS, DICTIONARIES AND TUPLES
PROGRAM:
name = "Alice"
age = 30
is_student = False
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
person = {"name": name, "age": age, "is_student": is_student}
inventory = {"fruits": fruits, "numbers": numbers}
point = (3, 4)
coordinates = [(1, 2), (5, 6), (7, 8)]
print("Name:", name)
print("Age:", age)
print("Is Student:", is_student)
print("Fruits:", fruits)
print("Numbers:", numbers)
print("Person:", person)
print("Inventory:", inventory)
print("Point:", point)
print("Coordinates:", coordinates)
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OUTPUT:
Name: Alice
Age: 30
Is Student: False
Fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
Numbers: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Person: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'is_student': False}
Inventory: {'fruits': ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], 'numbers': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}
Point: (3, 4)
Coordinates: [(1, 2), (5, 6), (7, 8)]
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2. CONDITIONAL BRANCHES
PROGRAM:
score = float(input("Enter the student's score: "))
if 90 <= score <= 100:
grade = 'A'
remarks = 'Excellent'
elif 80 <= score < 90:
grade = 'B'
remarks = 'Very Good'
elif 70 <= score < 80:
grade = 'C'
remarks = 'Good'
elif 60 <= score < 70:
grade = 'D'
remarks = 'Satisfactory'
elif 0 <= score < 60:
grade = 'F'
remarks = 'Fail'
else:
grade = 'Invalid'
remarks = 'Score is out of range (0-100)'
print(f"Grade: {grade}")
print(f"Remarks: {remarks}")
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OUTPUT:
Enter the student's score: 80
Grade: B
Remarks: Very Good
Enter the student's score: 92
Grade: A
Remarks: Excellent
Enter the student's score: 78.5
Grade: C
Remarks: Good
Enter the student's score: 50
Grade: F
Remarks: Fail
Enter the student's score: 110
Grade: Invalid
Remarks: Score is out of range (0-100)
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3. LOOPS
PROGRAM:
def is_prime(num):
if num < 2:
return False
for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True
start = int(input("Enter the starting number: "))
end = int(input("Enter the ending number: "))
if start <= 1:
start = 2 # Adjust the start if it's less than 2
print(f"Prime numbers between {start} and {end}:")
for number in range(start, end + 1):
if is_prime(number):
print(number)
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OUTPUT:
Enter the starting number: 10
Enter the ending number: 30
Prime numbers between 10 and 30:
11
13
17
19
23
29
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4. FUNCTIONS
PROGRAM:
def calculate_square(number):
return number ** 2
def greet(name, age):
if age < 18:
return f"Hello, {name}! You are under 18 years old."
else:
return f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old."
def add_numbers(a, b):
return a + b
def create_person(name, age, is_student):
person_info = {
"Name": name,
"Age": age,
"Is Student": is_student
return person_info
if name == " main ":
# Use the functions to perform various tasks
num = 5
squared = calculate_square(num)
print(f"The square of {num} is {squared}")
person_greeting = greet("Alice", 25)
print(person_greeting)
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sum_result = add_numbers(10, 20)
print(f"The sum is {sum_result}")
person_data = create_person("Bob", 21, True)
print("Person Information:")
for key, value in person_data.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
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OUTPUT:
The square of 5 is 25
Hello, Alice! You are 25 years old.
The sum is 30
Person Information:
Name: Bob
Age: 21
Is Student: True
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5. EXCEPTION HANDLING
PROGRAM:
try:
num1 = int(input("Enter a number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter another number: "))
result = num1 / num2
print("Result:", result)
except ValueError:
print("Please enter valid integers.")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Division by zero is not allowed.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", e)
else:
print("No exceptions were raised.")
finally:
print("Execution completed.")
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OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 10
Enter another number: 2
Result: 5.0
No exceptions were raised.
Execution completed.
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6. INHERITANCE
PROGRAM:
class Animal:
def init (self, name, species):
self.name = name
self.species = species
def speak(self):
print(f"{self.name} makes a sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
print(f"{self.name} barks")
class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
print(f"{self.name} meows")
dog = Dog("Buddy", "Dog")
cat = Cat("Whiskers", "Cat")
dog.speak()
cat.speak()
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OUTPUT:
Buddy barks
Whiskers meows
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7. POLYMORPHISM
PROGRAM:
import math
class Shape:
def area(self):
pass
class Circle(Shape):
def init (self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return math.pi * self.radius ** 2
class Rectangle(Shape):
def init (self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
def area(self):
return self.width * self.height
shapes = [Circle(3), Rectangle(4, 5), Circle(2.5)]
for shape in shapes:
print(f"Area: {shape.area():.2f}")
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OUTPUT:
Area: 28.27
Area: 20.00
Area: 19.63
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8. IMPLEMENT FILE OPERATIONS
PROGRAM:
with open('sample.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write("Hello, this is a sample text file.\n")
file.write("Python is a versatile programming language.\n")
with open('sample.txt', 'a') as file:
file.write("You can also append text to an existing file.\n")
with open('sample.txt', 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
print("Contents of the file:")
print(content)
with open('sample.txt', 'r') as file:
print("\nReading line by line:")
for line in file:
print(line, end='')
with open('sample.txt', 'r') as file:
lines = file.readlines()
print("\nReading using readlines():")
for line in lines:
print(line, end='')
import os
if os.path.exists('sample.txt'):
os.remove('sample.txt')
print("\nFile 'sample.txt' has been deleted.")
else:
print("\nFile 'sample.txt' does not exist.")
Department of Computer Science
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OUTPUT:
Contents of the file:
Hello, this is a sample text file.
Python is a versatile programming language.
You can also append text to an existing file.
Reading line by line:
Hello, this is a sample text file.
Python is a versatile programming language.
You can also append text to an existing file.
Reading using readlines():
Hello, this is a sample text file.
Python is a versatile programming language.
You can also append text to an existing file.
File 'sample.txt' has been deleted.
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9. MODULES
PROGRAM:
# my_module.py
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
def multiply(x, y):
return x * y
def subtract(a, b):
return a - b
def divide(a, b):
if b == 0:
return "Error: Division by zero"
return a / b
# main.py
import my_module
name = "Alice"
greeting = my_module.greet(name)
print(greeting)
result = my_module.multiply(3, 5)
print(result)
result = my_module.subtract(10, 3)
print(result)
result = my_module.divide(8, 2)
print(result)
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OUTPUT:
Hello, Alice!
15
4.0
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10. CREATING DYNAMIC AND INTERACTIVE WEBPAGES USING
FORMS
PROGRAM:
#python
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask( name )
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
if name == ' main ':
app.run(debug=True)
#html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Dynamic Webpage with Clock</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Interactive Webpage</h1>
<p>Current time: <span id="clock">Loading...</span></p>
<script>
function updateClock() {
const clockElement = document.getElementById('clock');
const now = new Date();
const timeString = now.toLocaleTimeString();
clockElement.textContent = timeString;
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}
setInterval(updateClock, 1000);
updateClock();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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OUTPUT:
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