1: A four cylinder two stroke cycle petrol engine develops brake power of 40 kW at 2500 rpm.
The mean effective pressure on each piston is 8.5 bar and the mechanical efficiency is 85%.
Calculate the diameter and stroke of each cylinder, assuming the length of stroke equal to 1.5
times the diameter of the cylinder.
Solution: Given that:
No. of cylinders, n = 4
NHP of the engine (BP) = 40 kW
Engine speed = N = 2500 rpm
k = 1; (k= 1/n, where n = number of crank revolution per cycle)
Mean effective pressure Pm = 8.5 bar
Mechanical efficiency, ηmech = BP / IP
⇒ 0.85 = 40/IP
Or IP = 40 / 0.85 = 47 kW
Let d = diameter of the cylinder
L = stroke length
L = 1.5 d
A = π / 4 d2
IP = n Pm.L.A.N.k / 60
47 = (4 X 850 X 1.5d. (π.d2 / 4) X 2500 X 1) /60
d = 0.06554 m (or 6.554 cm)
L = 0.098.32 m (or 9.832 cm)
2: A 4-stroke diesel engine has L/D ratio of 1-25 The mean effective pressure is found with the
help of an indicator equal to 0-85 MPa. The engine produces indicated power of 35 HP while it
is running at 2500 rpm. Find the dimensions of the engine.
Solution: Given that : Engine is 4-stroke; k = ½ (k= 1/n, where n = number of crank revolution
per cycle)
L/D = 1.25, L=1.25D
Pm = 0.85 MPa = 8-50bar
IHP = 35 HP
N = 2500 rpm
number of cylinder = 1
Since IHP = n.Pm.LAN.k / 4500 HP (where Pm in bar)
35 = 1 X 8.5 × 1.25 D X π/4 d2 X 2500 X 1/2 / 4500
D3 = 15.1 m3
D = 2.47 m
L = 3.09 m
3: The following data were recorded from a test on a single cylinder four stroke oil engine.
Cylinder bore = 150 mm
Stroke length = 250 mm
Area of indicator diagram = 450 mm2
Length of indicator diagram = 50 mm
Indicator spring rating = 1.2 mm
Engine speed = 420 rpm
Brake torque = 217 Nm
Fuel consumption = 2.75 kg / Hr
Calorific value of fuel (C) = 44000 kJ/kg
Cooling water rate of flow = 0.068 kg / sec
Cooling water temperature rise = 45oC
Specific heat capacity of the cooling water (c) = 4.1868 kJ/kgoC
Calculate (a) the mechanical efficiency
(b) the specific fuel consumption
(c) draw up an energy balance in kW
Solution: N = 420 / 60 = 7 rev/s
Mean height of indicator diagram = 450 / 50 = 9 mm
Indicated power = Pm (LA)N / 2
= 7.5 X 102 [p/4 (0.15)2 X 0.25] X 7/5 = 12.89 kW
Brake power = 2πNT
= 2π X 7 X 217 / 103 = 9.54 kW
Mechanical efficiency = BP / IP = 9.54 / 12.89 = 0.74 (or 74%)
Brake thermal efficiency = BP / mfo X C = 9.54 X 3600 / 2.95 X 44000 = 0.265 (or 26.5 %)
(b) specific fuel consumption = mfo (kg/Hr) / BP = 2.75 / 9.54 = 0.288 kg / kW Hr.
(c) Energy balance (in kW)
Power released by fuel = 2.75 / 3600 X 44000 = 33.61 kW
BP = 9.54 kW
Power to cooling water = mcΔT
= 0.068 ´ 4.1868 ´ 45 = 12.81 kW
Power exhaust, radiation etc. 33.61 – 9.54 – 12.81 = 11.26 kW
4: The following data were recorded from a test on a single cylinder four stroke oil engine.
Cylinder bore = 150 mm
Stroke length = 250 mm
Area of indicator diagram = 450 mm2
Length of indicator diagram = 50 mm
Indicator spring rating = 1.2 mm
Engine speed = 420 rpm
Brake torque = 217 Nm
Fuel consumption = 2.75 kg / Hr
Calorific value of fuel (C) = 44000 kJ/kg
Cooling water rate of flow = 0.068 kg / sec
Cooling water temperature rise = 45oC
Specific heat capacity of the cooling water (c) = 4.1868 kJ/kgoC
Calculate (a) the mechanical efficiency
(b) the specific fuel consumption
(c) draw up an energy balance in kW
Solution: N = 420 / 60 = 7 rev/s
Mean height of indicator diagram = 450 / 50 = 9 mm
Indicated power = Pm (LA)N / 2
= 7.5 X 102 [p/4 (0.15)2 X 0.25] X 7/5 = 12.89 kW
Brake power = 2πNT
= 2π X 7 X 217 / 103 = 9.54 kW
Mechanical efficiency = BP / IP = 9.54 / 12.89 = 0.74 (or 74%)
Brake thermal efficiency = BP / mfo X C = 9.54 X 3600 / 2.95 X 44000 = 0.265 (or 26.5 %)
(b) specific fuel consumption = mfo (kg/Hr) / BP = 2.75 / 9.54 = 0.288 kg / kW Hr.
(c) Energy balance (in kW)
Power released by fuel = 2.75 / 3600 X 44000 = 33.61 kW
BP = 9.54 kW
Power to cooling water = mcΔT
= 0.068 ´ 4.1868 ´ 45 = 12.81 kW
Power exhaust, radiation etc. 33.61 – 9.54 – 12.81 = 11.26 kW
5. A four stroke diesel engine has a cylinder bore of 150mm and a stroke of 250mm. The crankshaft
speed is 300rpm and fuel consumption is 1.2 kg/h, having a calorific value of 39900KJ/kg. The
indicated mean effective pressure is 5.5bar. If the compression ratio is 15 and cut-off ratio is 1.8,
calculate the relative efficiency, taking γ=1.4
Ans : Refer class work
