Q.
1 Discuss MIS with its features and
objectives.
What is MIS ?
It is an organized integration of hardware and
software technologies, data, processes, and
human elements. It is a software system that
focuses on the management of information
technology to provide efficient and effective
strategic decision making.
1.Management: Management is the art of
getting things done through and with the
people in formally organised groups.
2.Information: Information is data that is
processed and is presented in a form which
assists decision-making. It may contain an
element of surprise, reduce uncertainty or
provoke a manager to initiate an action.
3.System: A system is an orderly grouping of
interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific
goal. The term system is the most loosely
held term in management literature because
of its use in different contexts.
Features of MIS :-
System Approach
The information system follows a System’s approach.
The system’s approach implies a holistic approach to
the study of system and its performance in the light for
the objective for which it has been constituted.
Management Oriented
The top-down approach must be followed while
designing the MIS. The top-down approach suggests that
the system development starts from the determination
of management needs and overall business objectives.
The MIS development plan should be derived from the
overall business plan. Management oriented
characteristic of MIS also implies that the management
actively directs the system development efforts.
Need-Based
MIS design and development should be as per the
information needs of managers at different levels,
strategic planning level, management control level and
operational control level. In other words, MIS should
cater to the specific needs of managers in an
organization’s hierarchy.
Exception Based
MIS should be developed on the exception-based
reporting principle, which means an abnormal situation,
i.e. the maximum; minimum or expected values vary
beyond tolerance limits. In such situations, there
should BE exception reporting to the decision-maker at
the required level.
Future Oriented
Besides exception-based reporting, MIS should also look
at the future. In other words, MIS should not merely
provide past or historical information; rather it should
provide information, on the basis of projections based
on which actions may be initiated.
Integrated
Integration is a necessary characteristic of a
management information system. Integration is
significant because of its ability to produce more
meaningful information.
For example, in order to develop an effective production
scheduling system, it is necessary to balance such
factors as setup costs, Workforce, Overtime rates,
Production capacity, Inventory level, Capital
requirements and Customer services.
Long Term Planning
MIS is developed over relatively long periods. Such a
system does not develop overnight. A heavy element of
planning is involved. The MIS designer must have the
future objectives and needs of the company in mind.
Sub-System Concept
The process of MIS development is quite complex and
one is likely to lose insight frequently. Thus, the
system, though viewed as a single entity, must be
broken down into digestible sub-systems which are more
meaningful at the planning stage.
Central Database
A central database is a mortar that holds the functional
systems together. Each system requires access to the
master file of data covering inventory, personnel,
vendors, customers, etc. It seems logical to gather data
once, validate it properly and place it on a central
storage medium, which can be accessed by any other
subsystem.
Objectives of MIS :-
Data Capturing
MIS capture data from various internal and external sources
of the organization. Data capturing may be manual or
through computer terminals.
Processing of Data
The captured data is processed to convert into the required
information. Processing of data is done by such activities as
calculating, sorting, classifying, and summarizing.
Storage of Information
MIS stores the processed or unprocessed data for future use.
If any information is not immediately required, it is saved as
an organization record, for later use.
Retrieval of Information
MIS retrieves information from its stores as and when
required by various users.
Dissemination of Data
Information, which is a finished product of MIS, is
disseminated to the users in the
organization. It is periodic or online through a computer
terminal.
Q. 2 Define the role of MIS in :-
A. Decision Making
Management information systems can help
you make valid decisions by providing
accurate and up-to-date information and
performing analytic functions. You have to
make sure the management information
system you choose can work with the
information formats available in your company
and has the features you need. Suitable
management information systems can
structure the basic data available from your
company operations and records into reports
to present you with guidance for your
decisions.
B. AI expert system
Data Quality: This can be used to analyze
data and identify inconsistencies, errors, and
missing data, and help organizations to
improve data quality and ensure that the data
used in MIS is accurate and complete.
Data Security: AI/ML can be used to detect
and respond to security threats, including
unauthorized access and data breaches. This
can help organizations to improve their data
security and protect sensitive information. AI
can be used to analyze user behaviour and
identify anomalies that may indicate
fraudulent or malicious activity.
Data Sharing: It can be used to integrate
multiple systems and applications, enabling
data to be shared more easily and efficiently.
This can help organizations to streamline their
operations and improve collaboration.
Data Capturing: By using AI, the data
collection and analysis process can be
automated, reducing the need for manual
intervention and improving the speed and
accuracy of the analysis.
Data Analysis: AI-powered predictive analytics
can help companies make more accurate and
data-driven decisions, improving the efficiency
and effectiveness of their MIS systems.
Improved Decision Support System: AI can
help the MIS to provide decision support by
analysing and processing large amounts of
data in real-time, and presenting insights that
can be used to make better business
decisions.
C. Research and Development System
Information management
MIS professionals create and manage
information systems to store, search, and
analyze data.
Decision making
MIS provides managers with the
information they need to make better
decisions, such as where to allocate
resources.
Performance tracking
MIS helps managers track performance
indicators and compare actual data to
planned results.
Communication
MIS helps ensure that everyone in an
organization is working with the same
data, which can help eliminate
communication barriers.
Information security
MIS professionals play a key role in
information security.
