BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY

(A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with Grade ‘A++’ by NAAC

ASSIGNMENT
OF
❝ MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ❞
Academic Year – 2024
BCA- 2nd year

Department of Information Technology

Submitted by:
Mangesh Kumar 223607
Vikas Singh 223601
Satish Khalkho 223604

Submitted To: Dr. Aditya Khamparia

BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY

SATELLITE CENTRE, AMETHI
TABLE OF CONTENT

Deffnition of MIS
 Role of MIS

 Organizational theory of MIS

 Different approach used to manage MIS

 Simon’s Model for Decision Making

 Explain various component of computer system

 Discuss Database concept

 Evolution concepts of Information system

 How do we manage decision making in MIS

Deffnition of MIS

MIS is the use of information technology, people, and business

processes to record, store and process data to produce information that
decision makers can use to make day to day decisions. The full form of
MIS is Management information system. The purpose of MIS is to extract
data from varied sources and derive insights that drive business growth.
The need for MIS

The following are some of the justifications for having an MIS system.

 Decision makers need information to make effective

decisions. Management Information Systems (MIS) make this
possible.
 MIS systems facilitate communication within and outside the
organization – employees within the organization are able to
easily access the required information for the day to day
operations. Facilitates such as Short Message Service (SMS) &
Email make it possible to communicate with customers and
suppliers from within the MIS system that an organization is using.
 Record keeping – management information systems record all
business transactions of an organization and provide a reference
point for the transactions.

Advantages of MIS

Management Information Systems (MIS) offer a range of advantages to organizations,

making them crucial tools in today's data-driven world. Here are some of the key benefits:

 Improved decision-making: MIS provides real-time access to accurate data,

allowing managers to make informed decisions based on facts and trends, not just
intuition. This can lead to better resource allocation, improved marketing strategies,
and overall stronger business performance.
 Increased efficiency: MIS automates many tasks, such as data collection, report
generation, and even basic administrative processes. This frees up employees to focus
on more strategic work, boosting overall productivity.
  Better data management: MIS centralizes data storage, eliminating the problem of
scattered information across different departments. This ensures data consistency and
accuracy, which is essential for reliable analysis.
 Enhanced collaboration: MIS facilitates communication and information sharing
between departments. Team members can access the same data and reports, fostering
better collaboration and teamwork.
 Increased customer satisfaction: MIS allows businesses to track customer
interactions and preferences. This data can be used to personalize marketing
campaigns, improve customer service experiences, and ultimately lead to higher
customer satisfaction.
 Cost savings: By streamlining processes and automating tasks, MIS can help
organizations reduce operational costs. Additionally, better decision-making based on
data can lead to cost savings in areas like inventory management and marketing
campaigns.

Disadvantages of MIS

 High Costs: Developing and implementing a robust MIS system can be expensive. This
includes the cost of hardware, software, ongoing maintenance, and employee training.

 Complexity: MIS systems can be intricate, requiring specialized technical knowledge to

set up, maintain, and troubleshoot. This can create a burden for smaller organizations without
dedicated IT staff.

 Resistance to Change: Employees may be hesitant to adopt new systems and processes,
leading to disruptions during implementation. Overcoming resistance requires effective
change management strategies.

 Security Concerns: Centralized data storage and digital communication channels

inherent to MIS can make organizations vulnerable to cyberattacks and data breaches. Robust
security measures are essential.

 Data Quality Issues: If the data entered into the system is inaccurate or incomplete, the
outputs and insights generated by MIS will be compromised. Data quality control processes
are crucial.

 Overdependence on Technology: Organizations that become heavily reliant on MIS can

face significant disruptions if there are technical glitches, system failures, or connectivity
issues. Backup plans and redundancy measures are important.

 Learning Curve: Employees may require time to learn how to effectively use the new
system, potentially causing temporary dips in productivity. Training programs and support
are essential.

 Quantitative Bias: MIS might prioritize quantitative data (numbers), potentially

overlooking qualitative aspects (customer feedback, market trends) that can be equally
important for decision-making.
Explain role of MIS
MIS or Management Information System is a computerized system
that provides information to support decision-making at the
management level of an organization. It is an organized approach to
gathering, storing, and analyzing information to help managers make
informed decisions.

The role of MIS in an organization can be summarized as follows:

1. Data collection: MIS provides a platform for collecting data from

various sources within the organization, such as transactional data,
customer feedback, operational reports, and market research.

2. Data storage: MIS stores this data in a structured format, making it

easy for managers to access and use it.

3. Data processing and analysis: MIS processes and analyzes the data
to generate insights into the performance of the organization,
identify trends, and highlight opportunities and challenges.

4. Decision-making support: MIS provides managers with timely and

accurate information to support their decision-making process. This
enables them to make informed decisions that are backed by data
and analysis.

5. Strategic planning: MIS helps in strategic planning by providing

insights into the industry trends, market conditions, and customer
preferences. This helps managers to align their plans with the
changing business landscape.

6. Performance evaluation: MIS helps in evaluating the performance

of the organization against its goals and objectives. This helps in
identifying areas of improvement and taking corrective actions.

Explain the organization theory of MIS

The organization theory of Management Information Systems or MIS is a theory that
emphasizes the importance of information systems in improving the efficiency and
effectiveness of an organization. This theory recognizes that an organization is a complex
system that consists of interdependent components, including technology, people, and
processes. To improve an organization's performance, all these components must work
together in a coordinated and integrated manner. The organization theory of MIS is based on
three key principles: integration, structuring, and coordination.

1. Integration: MIS should be integrated with the organization's overall strategy and goals. An
information system that is not aligned with an organization's goals and strategy will not be
effective. By aligning MIS with organizational goals and strategies, the system becomes more
useful and can help the organization meet its objectives.

2. Structuring: MIS should be structured in a way that supports the organization's work
processes. It is essential to understand the work processes of an organization before
implementing an information system. This structure helps to ensure that the system is user-
friendly and can be easily used by the organization's employees.

3. Coordination: MIS should be used to coordinate the organization's activities. An

information system that can coordinate different components of the organization helps to
ensure that the organization's work processes are efficient and effective. The coordination
also helps to reduce costs and improve productivity.

Explain different approaches used to manage MIS

There are several approaches used to manage Management
Information Systems (MIS) which include:
1. The centralized approach: In this approach, the control of the MIS
is centralized, and all decisions are made by a single individual or a
central committee. The focus in this approach is on the efficiency of
operations, and decision-making is more structured and organized.
This approach is particularly useful in larger organizations with
complex operations because it provides a standardized and consistent
approach to MIS management.

2. Decentralized approach: In this approach, decision-making power

is delegated to different departments or divisions within an
organization. Each department manages its own MIS system
according to its specific needs. This approach offers flexibility and
allows for customized MIS solutions based on specific departmental
needs. However, it can lead to the development of incompatible
information systems across different departments, which can lead to
difficulty in sharing information between departments.

3. Outsourcing approach: This approach involves an organization

outsourcing its MIS functions to a third party. The contracted
company is responsible for the management and maintenance of the
MIS. This allows an organization to focus on its core competencies
and leave the MIS management to an outside company. This approach
is particularly useful for small organizations that do not have the
expertise or resources to develop their MIS system.

4. Hybrid approach: This approach combines the centralized and

decentralized approach. The central MIS team focuses on
standardizing the MIS across the organization while the decentralized
team develops and implements specific MIS solutions based on
departmental needs. This approach combines the benefits of both the
centralized and decentralized approach while mitigating the
drawbacks of each.
5. Participation approach: In this approach, all stakeholders of the
MIS system are involved in the decision-making process. It is a
collaborative approach that encourages participation from employees
and end-users of the MIS. This approach ensures that the needs of the
organization's stakeholders are considered in decision-making, and the
MIS aligns with the organization's goals and strategy.
Explain various component of computer system in MIS
Computers are integral components of modern Management
Information Systems (MIS). The basic components of a computer
system are hardware, software, databases, and network infrastructure.

1. Hardware: This includes physical components like the central

processing unit (CPU), input and output devices, storage devices, and
communication devices. The CPU is the brain of the computer system
and is responsible for executing instructions. Input devices such as
keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones enable users to input
data into the system. Output devices like monitors, printers, and
speakers present the results of processing to users. Storage devices
like hard drives and flash drives allow the system to store data and
programs.

2. Software: This refers to the programs or operating systems that runs

the computer hardware. These programs include the applications or
software an organization uses to accomplish its goals. Examples of
software commonly used in MIS include database management
systems, spreadsheets, word processors, and enterprise resource
planning (ERP) software.

3. Databases: A database is a collection of data that can be organized,

stored, and queried. Databases are used to store and manage large
amounts of data. They provide a structured and organized way for
storing data and enable quick access to information. Relational
database management systems like MySQL, Oracle and Microsoft
SQL server are commonly used in MIS.

4. Network infrastructure: This is the backbone that supports the

communication between different devices in the MIS. The network
can be wired (e.g. Ethernet cables) or wireless (e.g. Wi-Fi) and
enables users to share information and communicate with one another.
Communication protocols like TCP/IP are used to ensure data is
transmitted over the network in a secure and efficient manner.
Discuss different data bank
Data banks are an essential component of Management Information
Systems (MIS). Data banks are collections of data that can be
accessed and used by individuals or organizations. These data banks
provide access to data that can be used for various purposes, including
research, analysis, and decision-making, which are all critical
components of MIS.

In the context of MIS, data banks often refer to databases. Databases

are collections of data that are organized in a structured manner to
facilitate easy retrieval and manipulation of data. Databases can exist
in various forms, including relational databases, graph databases,
object-oriented databases, and NoSQL databases.

A database management system (DBMS) is a software application

designed to manage and organize large amounts of data stored in
databases. DBMS is an important component of MIS as it enables
users to create, retrieve, update, and manipulate data in an organized
and efficient manner. DBMS provides an interface between the end-
user and the database, making it easy for users to access data and gain
insights from the data.
MIS uses data banks to store and manage large amounts of data to
support various business operations. The data stored in these data
banks can be used to generate reports, analyze trends, and support
decision-making. For instance, an organization could use MIS to
analyze customer data to gain insights into consumer behavior and
identify areas for improved customer service and product offerings. In
manufacturing organizations, MIS relies on data banks to track
inventory levels, monitor production processes, and optimize supply
chain management.

Data banks are critical components of MIS. They enable organizations

to store, manage, and retrieve data efficiently and effectively,
supporting various operational and strategic business needs. By
leveraging the data banks, organizations can gain real-time insights
into their business operations, drive informed decision-making, and
increase profitability.
Explain the evolution concepts of information system in MIS
The evolution of information systems in Management Information
Systems (MIS) can be traced back to the 1940s. Perceiving the need
for better data management, the punched cards were first developed as
a tool to store and process information for the United States Census
Bureau.

1. Manual-based systems: MIS used to depend on manual-based

systems that employed manual methods to collect, organize, and
process information. These systems were extremely time-consuming,
labor-intensive, and prone to errors.

2. Electronic-based systems: The advent of computers in 1951 marked

a significant turning point in the history of MIS. During this time,
electronic-based systems emerged, eliminating the need for manual-
based systems. These systems employed the use of electronic data
processing machines, including mainframe computers, which were
bulky and expensive.

3. Decision support and executive information systems: The 1960s

and 1970s saw the development of decision support systems (DSS)
and executive information systems (EIS). DSS and EIS were designed
to provide support for decision-making in business environments.
DSS and EIS were instrumental in ushering in a new era of business
intelligence.

4. Personal computers and client/server architecture: With the advent

of personal computers in the 1980s, databases and software tools
became more affordable, and small businesses were able to utilize
computer-based information systems. At the same time, client/server
architectures were developed, allowing for decentralized information
processing.

5. Electronic commerce and the internet: In the 1990s, electronic

commerce (e-commerce) emerged as an essential component of
information systems. The development of the Internet marked a
revolutionary phase of information systems that allowed for global
networking and communication.

6. Mobile devices and cloud computing: In the 21st century, the

introduction of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets marked
yet another phase in the evolution of information systems. Cloud
computing has enabled easier access to information and provided
seamless data sharing and collaboration.
How do we manage dicision making in MI