Elevator Inspection

By Astron -UAE
Standard For Elevator Inspection

• BS EN 81-20 : 2020 Current -Safety Rules for Construction And Installation lift
• BS EN 81-21 : 2022
• BS EN 81-22 : 2021
• BS EN 81-50 : 2020 Examination and Test –Design Rules ,calculation ,examination and test of all lift components.

• ASME 17.1 / CSA B44 : 2022

• Astron Test Procedure Method: T3-TEP-LEP-210
•
Elevator Wire Rope:
BS EN 12385-5 : 2021 Current
ISO 4344
Dumbwaiter :
BS EN 81-31 : 2010
Equipment Used During Elevator Inspection
Vernier Caliper
Measurement Tape
Tachometer
Taper Gauge
Clamp meter
Door force gauge
Lux meter
Spirit Level
Definitions

• An elevator is a type of vertical

transportation equipment that
efficiently moves people or goods
between floors of a building. A modern-
day elevator typically consists of a cab
mounted on a platform within an
enclosed space called a 'shaft' or
'hoistway' and is either pulled or
pushed up by a mechanical means.
Elevator Terms :

• Car : A modern-day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cabin", "cage", "carriage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an
enclosed space.
• Counter-weight : Elevator counterweight is a mechanical system that applies balance force and ensures its stability. Its purpose is
to make lifting the load more efficient, saving energy and applying less response on the lifting machine.
• Speed Governor :An elevator governor is a speed monitoring device on traction elevators that triggers a safety mounted on the car
frame when the elevator reaches high speeds in either direction. The governor is located in the machine room or overhead,
depending on the design of the elevator.
• Motor : The elevator motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which rotates the lift's drive sheave. This rotation
translates into the vertical movement of the lift cabin.
• Wire Rope : Used to connect motor & car cabin based on the design.
• Compensating Chain or wire rope : Compensating cable gets its name because it compensates for the weight of suspension ropes
to balance (dynamically and mechanically) the elevator system. Specifically, it compensates for the weight of the suspension
means as it is played out to move the car up and down the hoist way.
Continuation :

• Pit : An elevator pit (or lift pit) is a space located just below the ground floor. This four walled space is the
core of your elevator's foundation. Protecting its foundation is an essential part of maintaining your elevator
in excellent condition, safe and smooth for passengers.
• Buffer : The purpose of elevator buffers is to provide protection against the malfunction of an elevator
control system resulting in the elevator continuing to travel past the lowest stop to the base of the elevator
shaft. The buffers are specified in accordance with the operating velocity and mass of the elevator.
• Tension Pulley : A tension sheave and a weight are suspended by the governor rope in order to impart
tension to the governor rope. The governor rope is looped around the tension sheave, and the weight is
mounted to the tension sheave.
• Guide Rail : The guide rail is what allows for the safe and precise movement of the car and counterweight.
This rail offers a path for the elevator to ascend and descend. The component which comes into contact
with the guide rail and the car is called the guide shoe.
Elevator Types :

• Machine Room Elevator (MR Elevator)

• Machine Room Less Elevator (MRl Elevator)
• Hydraulic Elevator
Single Acting
Double Acting
or Direct , Indirect acting
• Dumbwaiter (used in hospital or hotel )
-for transport of medical waste or food item with small capacity
Machine
Room
Elevator :
MRL
Elevator :
Hydraulic Elevator :
Dumbwaiter :
Elevator Full
View :
 Thorough or Periodic examination :

Unless there is an
'examination scheme'
specifying other intervals,
thorough examinations Thorough examination
Periodic examination can
should be conducted can be perform if any
be performed as the
every: 6 months, for lifting major modification carry
interval of every Six
equipment and any out or depends on client
months with SWL. (100%)
associated accessories request. (110%)
used to lift people. 6
months, for all lifting
accessories.
Lift Cabin Overview :

• Inside lift cabin cop panel , call button

,Handrail.
• Light intensity for cabin should be at least
100lux.
• Car cabin design based on client request.
• Car door height should be at least 2m
height.
• Inside panel board alarm ,door open &
close button ,emergency light , SWL shall
be indicated based on 75kg per person.
• Door shall be either two panel ,three panel
,four panel ,six panel with center or side
open.
Car Door types :
Car Door Open
Position :
• Car door should be provided with
electrical switch for open & close
position.
• Car door should be provided with
vein.
• In car door gibs should be provided
for smooth operation of door.
• Car Sil & landing Sil should be
provided with gap 35mm.
• Car door typically speed of 0.5m/s or
should be set closing speed more
than 30lb.
Elevator Divide Into 3 Steps :

• Machine room or Machine room less

• Shaft or Hoist way

• Pit
Machine Room :

• The machine room holds the elevator's drives and controllers and is where you will find the main control systems for the elevators as well. While
machine rooms can be used in both hydraulic and traction elevators, they are not required for all installations.
• In machine room door should open towards outward, machine room door should be provided with warning sign board “Un Authorized Person Not
Allow To Enter” ,door should be provided with fireproof.
• In machine room all the rotating Components should be properly covered & Cables should be covered by trunking cover and its should be painted with
yellow-Black paint marking.
• A/c to ventilate machine room should be provided.
• Machine room Lighting should be provided with 200lux.
• Fire Extinguisher should be provided inside machine room.
• Electrical Components should be covered & provided with electrical hazard sign , LOTO tag should be used if not in use.
• Hook should be provided with SWL.
• With the aim of removing the danger of objects falling through openings situated above the well, including those for electric cables, ferrules shall be
used, which project at least 50 mm above the slab or finished floor.
• Emergency stop switch be provided near motor for emergency stopping.
• Manufacturer documents should be provided.
• Balustrade should be provided if control box and motor exceeds height of 1 meter.
Machine Motor:

• Check the sheave condition of motor.

• Yellow Marking should be provided in
main suspension rope to identify the
floor level.
• All manufacturer spec details for motor
& Speed Governor details should be
taken from data plate.
Rope Types :
Shaft or Hoist way :
Clearances between car
and wall facing the car
entrance :
1)lift well wall ,
2) landing door leading panel ,
3)car door leading panel.
Shaft Lightning & Ventilation:

• The car shall be provided with electrical lighting that is permanently installed
ensuring a light intensity of at least 100 lux on the control devices and at 1 m above
the floor at any point not less than 100 mm from any wall.
• Cars shall be provided with ventilation apertures in the upper and lower parts of the
car.
• This lighting shall come on automatically upon failure of the normal lighting supply.
• In car top pendant should be provided to move car up & down with inspection speed.
• All the operation in car top should be carried out only in inspection mode.
• Emergency stop switch should be provided in pendant & also in balustrade.
Emergency Trap Door :

• Where an emergency trap door is fitted to the car roof , it shall have minimum clear opening dimensions of
0,40 m × 0,50 m.
• Emergency doors may be used in the case of adjacent cars, provided, however, that the horizontal distance
between cars does not exceed 1 m.
• In this case, each car shall be provided with a means of determining the position of the adjacent car to
which persons will be rescued in order to allow it to be brought to a level where rescue can take place.
• Emergency trap doors and doors shall be provided with a means for manual locking.
• Emergency trap doors shall be opened from outside the car without a key and from inside the car with a key
suited to the triangle
• Emergency trap doors shall not open towards the inside of the car.
• Emergency trap doors in the open position shall not project beyond the edge of the car.
• Intermediate Emergency trap door should be provided if two consecutive landing door openings exceeds
11meter.
Main Suspension Rope :
• Main suspension rope should be minimum
8mm as per standard below 8mm not
accepted.
• The junction between the rope and the rope
termination,shall be able to resist at least 80
% of the minimum breaking load of the rope.
• The safety factor shall be at least 1). 12 for
ropes, 2) 10 for chains.

• Bulldog Clip minimum 3 shall be used.

Compensating Rope or Chain

• Compensating cable gets its name because

it compensates for the weight of suspension
ropes to balance (dynamically and mechani
Cally) the elevator system. Specifically, it
compensates for the weight of the suspension
means as it is played out to move the car up
and down the hoist way.
• To balance the weight of wire rope ,the
compensating chain is used . one point of the
chain is fixed at the cwt. bottom part and the
other end is fixed to cabin bottom part.. This
way it balances the loading effect on the hoist
motor.
 Socket Used
In
Termination
End For
Rope :
Rope Traction :

• Rope traction shall be such that the following three conditions are fulfilled
a) the car shall be maintained at floor level without slip when loaded to 125 %.
b) it shall be ensured that any emergency braking causes the car, whether empty
or with rated load, to decelerate to a speed which is lower or equal than the speed for
which the buffers are designed, including reduced stroke buffer.
c) it shall not be possible to raise the empty car or the counterweight to a
dangerous position if either the car or the counterweight is stalled.
1) the ropes shall slip on the traction sheave;
or 2) the machine shall be stopped by an electric safety device in conformity.
Emergency landing Device :

• In some lift called as MRD or ELD both term denotes same meaning.
• Its battery operation device when lift suddenly stop due to power interruption it will
automatically land to nearest floor by battery power.
• ELD always works on downside position due to CWT Weight.
• While ELD on position inside car cabin emergency light 5lux for 1 hour should be
provided.
• Before ELD operation make sure no passenger allowed inside car cabin.
• Intercom should be used during emergency situation. Intercom should be connected
to BMS control or G floor or machine room based on the necessity.
Safety Gear Check :

• Mechanical device for stopping in the down direction, and maintaining stationary on the guide rails, the lift car,
counterweight or balancing weight in case of over speeding or breaking of the suspension.
• The mechanical device shall be able to maintain the car stopped.
• The mechanical device can be operated manually or automatically.
• The safety gear shall be capable of operating in the downward direction and capable of stopping a car carrying the rated
load, or a counterweight or balancing weight at, the tripping speed of the overspeed governor, or if the suspension devices
break, by gripping the guide rails, and of holding the car, counterweight or balancing weight .
• On safety gears a data plate shall be fixed indicating
a) the name of the manufacturer of the safety gear,
b) the type examination certificate number,
c) the type of safety gear,
d) if adjustable the safety gear shall be marked with the permissible load range or the adjustment parameter if the
relationship with the load range is specified in the instruction manual.
Conditions of use for different types of safety gear :

• Car safety gear

a) shall be of the progressive type,
b) may be of the instantaneous type if the rated speed of the lift does not exceed 0,63 m/s.
• For hydraulic lifts instantaneous type safety gears other than of the captive roller type which are not
tripped by an overspeed governor shall only be used if the tripping speed of the rupture valve or the
maximum speed of the restrictor (or one-way restrictor) does not exceed 0,80 m/s.
• The safety gear of the counterweight or balancing weight shall be of the progressive type if the rated
speed exceeds 1 m/s, otherwise the safety gear may be of the instantaneous type.
Retardation :
For progressive safety gear the average retardation in the case of free fall of the car with rated
load or the counterweight or the balancing weight shall lie between 0,2 gn and 1 gn.
Speed Governor :

• If governor attached to car side part to monitor speed of lift.

• If governor attached to CWT that is ascending car over speed protection device.
• ACOSP should be provided when pit below any floor provided without pit access
Tripping by overspeed governor :

• The following shall be satisfied:

a) tripping of the overspeed governor for the safety gear shall occur at a speed at
least equal to 115 % of the rated speed and less than:
1) 0,8 m/s for instantaneous safety gears except for the captive roller type,
or 2) 1 m/s for safety gears of the captive roller type,
or 3) 1,50 m/s for progressive safety gear used for rated speeds not exceeding
1,0 m/s
or 4) 1,25 ⋅ v + 0 v , 25 , expressed in metres per second, for progressive safety
gear for rated speeds exceeding 1,0 m/s.
Rupture valve :

• The rupture valve shall be capable of stopping the car in downward movement, and maintaining it stationary.
• The rupture valve shall be tripped at the latest when the speed reaches a value equal to rated speed downwards vd plus 0,30 m/s.
• The rupture valve shall be selected so that the average retardation a lies between 0,2 gn and 1 gn.
• Retardation of more than 2,5 gn shall not last longer than 0,04 s.
• The average retardation a can be evaluated by the formula:
a= Qmax . r
6.A.n.td
Where
A is the area of jack, where pressure is acting in square centimeters,
n is the number of parallel acting jacks with one rupture valve,
Qmax is the maximum flow in liters per minute,
r is the reeving factor,
td is the braking time in seconds
the values of which can be taken from the technical dossier and the type examination certificate.
Pit :

• Part of the well situated below the lowest landing served by the car.
• Before entering pit make sure that lift should be non operational for confirmation by calling a lift to any
floor.
• Based on height of pit stop switch required inside pit
a) if height less then <1.6m one stop switch must
b) if height greater then >1.6m two stop required it should be accessible to stop should be fixed on pit
wall.
• Pit lightning should be provided atleast 50 lux inside the pit, Additional light can be provided if required.
• If two adjacent lift provided pit partition should be provided avoid entering to another pit to prevent from
accident.
• Partition height should be from pit ground level to 2 meter height.
Pit Floor :
Sump Pit Sample :
• In pit sump pit motor should be provided
in case any water leakage inside pit ,need
to remove that water required sump
motor.
• That sump pit hole should be properly
covered by LID
Pit access ladder:

• The following types of pit access ladder can be used for access and egress to the pit of the lift.
a ) a fixed ladder (Type 1), which stands upright in one position for both use and storage purposes,
or b) a retractable ladder (Type 2a), which stands upright in two positions, one for use, other for
storage. The use position is obtained when a person is placing their weight on the rung,
or c) a retractable ladder (Type 2b), which stands upright for storage and is manually put in
position of use by horizontal sliding of its bottom part,
or d) a movable ladder (Type 3a), which stands upright for storage and is manually put in an
inclined position of use,
or e) a movable ladder (Type 3b), which lays down on the pit floor for storage and is manually put in
an inclined position of use,
or f) a foldable ladder (Type 4), which is stored in the pit and then positioned and hooked onto the
landing door sill.
Buffer : 3 types

• Spring Buffer
• Hydraulic Buffer
• PU Buffer
Buffer Based on Speed :
• If Speed <1.0m/sec PU buffer can be used.
• If speed >1.0m/sec either Spring buffer or
hydraulic Buffer cab be used based on design.
• Buffer should be provided with buffer switch.
• Buffer should be fixed on the Pit Level.
Certificate Format :
ThankYou……….

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