What are the Types of Operating Systems?

An 0S refers to a colection of well-organised applications that manage computer hardware

Itsa form of system software which is responsible for the computer system's flawless
operation. basically eight types of Operating Systems. Here are all the types of OS along with
There are
their pros and cons:
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Types of Operating System

1 Batch Operating System
Batch processing was quite popular in the 19705. Simillar types of jobs have been batched
accustomed to
together and completed on time using this method. People were very much
utilising a single computer, known as a mainframe System, and they can
Now, more than cone individual can have access to this Operating
of the jobs in a queue
submit their jobs to the system for execution The system places all
When all of the jobs are
first come, first served, and then executes them one at a time.
completed, the users receve their respective outputs
Batch
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Jobs

Jobs
Jobs
Jobs
Moniior
Operating System
Harduae

control from one of the

The fundamental goal of this Operating System was to transferoftheprograms known as the
jobs to another as soon as it was finished. it had asmall group
the main memony. The
resident monitor. These were always contained in one section of
 work
remaining portion is used for maintenance

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Pros of Batch OS
The usage of a resident monitor helps in increasing the computer efficiency by reducing the
time the CPU spent switching between two tasks
Cons of Batch OS
Not interactive: Batch Processing is not appropriate for jobs that rely cm user input Because
the user is not present at the time of execution,a job that demands the imput of twro
numbers from the console will never obtain it in the batch processing scenario
Starvation: The batch processing suffers from a lack of resources
Consider the following scenario:
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Job 1
CPU
Job 2

Job 3

Job n

Operating System
Job Queue
15. in case it takes a
In the batch, there are five jobs and they are J1, J2, 13, J4, and
executed or wil
considerably long time to execute, the other four tasks will either never be
have to wait a long time. Asa result, the other processes suffer
2. Multiprogramming Operating System
at al
Multiprogramming is a variationof batch processing in which the CPU is kegt busy
each processWhem
times. CPU time and i0 time are two forms of system time required by
the CPU can begin the
a process completes its /0 in a muitiprogramming environment s
execution of other processes. As a result, multiprogramming helps in impoving the sstem
efficiency.
 Types of Mutiprocessing System

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Pros of Multiprocessing 0S
Increasedreliability: Processing duties can be spread among numerous processors in the
multiprocessing system. This improves reliability becaue if one pressor happens to fail
the work can be passed on to another to finish.
Increased throughout:More jobs can be performed in less tine as the numberof processors
increases.

Cons of Multiprocessing OS
Because it manages multiple CPUs at the same time, a muitiprocessing 05is more complex
and advanced.
4. Multitasking Operating System
The multitasking0S refers to a logical ertension of the muitiprograrmming Operating
System, which allows users to run many programs at the sane tine. It enables a user to
complete multiple cornputer tasks at the sarme tirre.
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Operating System

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Types of Muititasking

Preemptive Cooperathee
Multitasking Multitasking
Pros of Multitasking OS
This Operating System is better adapted to handling several users at the same time.
Memory management is well-defined in multitasking Operating Systems.
Cons of Multitasking OS
In a multitasking environment, numerous processors are busy at the same time to finish any
task; therefore, the CPU generates more heat.
5. Network Operating System
ANetwork OS is a type of Operating System that incorporates software and protocols for
communicating with other computers over a network in a convenient and cost-effective
manner.
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Types of
Peer To Peer Systom Network Client-Server System
Operating
system

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Agent

Agent Agent

Video Data Administrator

Agent Sarvet Panel

Agent

Agent
Network Operating Systems

Pros of Network OS
network traffic is
Because clients and servers are separated in this Operating System,
reduced. Setting up and maintaining this type of system is less expensive.
Cons of Network OS
system in this form of the Operating
The failure of a node in a system impacts the entire
System. Security and performance are critical considerations; as a result, network
administration requires qualified network administrators.
6. Real-Time Operating System
by which it must be completed; otherwise,
In this type of system, each job has a deadline
is provided, it will be utterly useless. For
there will be a significant loss, or even if the output a missile, the missile must be dropped
drop
example, in military applications, if you wish to
with a specific degree of precision.
 Rn-Te Ohena Syeme (RTOS)

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Types of Real Time Operating System

Nard ReaTime Sot Rea-Time Fm RealTime

Operting Satem Operating System Operating System

Pros of Real-Time Os
Under the real-time 0S, it's simple to design, create, and run real-time applications. The
mavimum use of devices and systems is possible with a real-time Operating System.
Cons of Real-Time OS
The development of real-time Operating Systems is extremely expensive. Real-time
Operating Systems are quite complex and can eat up a lot of CPU time.
7.Time-Sharing Operating System
The Time-Sharing 0S provides computer resources to numerous programs at the same time
in a time-dependent manner. As a result, it aids in providing direct access to the main
computer to a large number of users. It's a natural progression from multiprogramming. The
CPU is swapped between numerous programs provided by the different users in time
sharing on a scheduled basis. Because a time-sharing OS allows multiple users to be served
at the same time, it necessitates sophisticated CPU scheduling algorithms and input/output
management. Building time-sharing Operating Systems are complex and expensive.

Pros of Time-Sharing OS
sharing. The CPU idle tirne and
The time-sharing OS allows for efficient resource use and
response time are reduced using this technology.
 CPU

User

Timesharing in case of &users

Cons of Time-Sharing 0S
In comparison to other technaicgies data ransmissian aes are etrene g
numerous users access a system at the same time theety nd grty f as
programs loaded in memary and data must bemaintainet
8. Distributed Operating Systam
The Distributed 05 is segarated int secticns and icatet an differentmaiese a
being placed an a single machine Each machine itas a giee af the isiurt S a l t
1to allow them to communicate Because they must de wit zareny af neng
protocols, distributed Operating Systems are farmare sgitisticaratmae ant n e
than network Operating Systems.

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Abypical view of a distrbud Sstm

Pros of Distributed OS
The distributed OS allows resources tio be shaned. This sestemisisignet e aut
tolerant.
Cons of Distributed 0S
The cost of computing can be dominated by protcoi cueheat
 Main emory
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ogram A
Program B
Program C
Evecution n
pregress

Secondary
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Jobs in multiprogramming systems

Pros of Multiprogramming OS
It increases the job throughput of the system since the CPU continually runs one program. It
is also possible to shorten response times since the resources are used pretty smartly.
Cons of Multiprogramming OS
Multiprogramming systems create an environment in which multiple system resources are
efficiently utilised, but they do not allow for any user interaction with the computer.
3. Multiprocessing Operating System
Multiprocessing helps in performing parallel computing. There are several processors in a
system, each of which can run multiple processes at the same time. The system's
throughput will be significantly increased as a result of this.
Parallel computing is performed by multiprocessing. The presence of more than one
processor in the system allows it to run multiple processes at the same time, increasing the
system's throughput
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Processor Processor

Unlts Units

Working of Multiprocessor System