Solution

PRE BOARD 1

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(b) m × n
Explanation:
Let A = [aij]m × n and B = [bij]p × q
∴ B' = [bji]q × p
Now, AB' is defined, so n = q
and B' A is also defined, so p = m
∴ order of B is m × n

2.
(c) c(a2 - b2)
Explanation:
∣a bc ∣
2 2 2 2
M31 = ∣ ∣ = ca − b c = c (a − b )
∣b ca ∣

3.
(d) Tr(A + A') = 20
Explanation:
Tr(A + A') = 20

4.
(c) xx{(1 + log x)2 + 1

x
}
Explanation:
y = xx = ex log x
= ex log x(x ×
dy
∴
dx
1

x
+ log x)
= ex log x(1 + log x)
2

= ex log x( + (1 + log x) ex log x(1 + log x)

d y 1
∴ )
2 x
dx

+ (1 + log x)2 ex log x

x

= x

= xx-1 + (1 + log x)2 xx = xx {(1 + log x)2 + 1

x
}

5.
(d) r ⃗ = λ^i
Explanation:
Vector equation needs a fixed point and a parallel vector
For x -axis we take fixed point as origin.
And parallel vector is ^i
Equation would be λ^i

6.
(b) 2

√5

Explanation:
2

√5

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 7.
(c) R
Explanation:
Corner points Value of Z = 2x + 5y

P(0, 5) Z = 2(0) + 5(5) = 25

Q(1, 5) Z = 2(1) + 5(5) = 27

R(4, 2) Z = 2(4) + 5(2) = 18 → Minimum

S(12, 0) Z = 2(12) + 5(0) = 24

Thus, minimum value of Z occurs ar R(4, 2)

8.
(d) −5^i + 2^j + 4k
^

Explanation:
We have points A(2, 5, 0) and B(-3, 7, 4)
→ →
i.e., OB = −3^i + 7^j + 4k
^
and OA = 2^i + 5^j
→ → →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
AB = OB − OA = (−3 i + 7 j + 4k) − (2 i + 5 j ) = −5 i + 2 j + 4k .

3+x
9. (a) 1

4
log∣
∣ 1−x
∣ + C
∣

Explanation:
dx
I = −∫
2
x +2x−3

Completing the square

x2 + 2x - 3 = x2 + 2x - 3 + 1 - 1
= (x + 1)2 - 4
dx
∴ I = −∫
2
(x+1) −4

Let x + 1 = t
⇒ dx = dt
dt
∴ I = −∫
2 2
t −2

dt
= −∫
2 2
2 −t
a+x
We know, ∫ 2
1

2
=
1

2a
log
a−x
+ c
a −x

1 2+t
⇒ I = log + c
4 2−t

put t = x + 1
1 2+x+1
= log + c
4 2−x−1

1 x+3
= log + c
4 1−x

10.
(c) A skew-symmetric matrix
Explanation:
Let X = A - A’
X’ = (A - A’)’
= A’ - (A’)’
=A’ - A
= -(A - A’)
= -X
Therefore (A - A’) is skew symmetric matrix.

11.
(d) at an infinite number of points
Explanation:

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 First, we will convert the given inequations into equations, we obtain the following equations:
3x + 4y = 24, 8x + 6y = 48, x = 5, y = 6, x = 0 and y = 0
The line 3x + 4y = 24 meets the coordinate axis at A(8, 0) and B(0, 6). Join these points to obtain the line 3x + 4y = 24 Clearly,
(0, 0) satisfies the inequation 3x + 4y ≤ 24 . So, the region in x y -plane that contains the origin represents the solution set of
the given equation. The line 8x + 6y = 48 meets the coordinate axis at C(6, 0) and D(0, 8) . Join these points to obtain the line
8x + 6y = 48 Clearly, (0, 0) satisfies the inequation 8x + 6y ≤ 48 . So, the region in x y -plane that contains the origin
represents the solution set of the given equation.
x = 5 is the line passing through x = 5 parallel to the Y axis.
y = 6 is the line passing through y = 6 parallel to the X axis.
The region represented by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 :
since, every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations. So, the first quadrant is the region represented by the
inequations.
These lines are drawn using a suitable scale.
The corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0), G(5, 0), F (5, 4

3
) , E( 24

7
,
24

7
) and B(0, 6)
The values of Z at these corner points are as follows:
Corner point : Z = 4x + 3y
O(0, 0) : 4 × 0 + 3 × 0 = 0
G(5, 0) : 4 × 5 + 3 × 0 = 20
F (5,
4

3
) :4×5+3× 4

3
= 24

24 24 24 24 196
E(
7
,
7
) :4× 7
+ 3 ×
7
=
7
= 28

B(0, 6) : 4 × 0 + 3 × 6 = 18
4 24 24
We see that the maximum value of the objective function z is 24 which is at F (5, 3
) and E ( 7
,
7
) Thus, the optimal value
of Z is 24
As, we know that if an LPP has two optimal solutions, then there are an infinite number of optimal solutions. Therefore, the
given objective function can be subjected at an infinite number of points.

12.
^ ^
(d) 2 i + 3 k
Explanation:
^ ^
2 i + 3 k

13.
(d) ± 2
Explanation:
1 4 4
⎡ ⎤

adj(P) = ⎢ 2 1 7⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 1 3

⇒ |adj(P)| = |P|3 - 1 = |P|2

⇒ I(3 - 7 ) - 2(12 - 4) + 1(28 - 4) = |P|2
⇒ -4 - 16 + 24 = |P|2
⇒ 4 = |P|2 ⇒ |P| = ± 2

14.
(d) x cos 2α - sin 2α . log |sin (x + α )| + C
Explanation:
sin(x−α)
The given integral is ∫ dx
sin(x+α)
n+1

since we know that ∫ n

x dx =
x

n+1
+ c

sin (a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b

∫ cot x = log (sin x) + c

3 / 15
 Therefore ,
sin(x+α−2α)
⇒∫ dx
sin(x+α)

sin(x+α) cos(−2α)+cos(x+α) sin(−2α)

⇒ ∫ dx
sin(x+α)

⇒ ∫ cos(2α)dx − sin 2α ∫ cot(x + α)dx

⇒ cos (2 α ) x - sin 2 α log |sin (x+α )|+c

15.
(d) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
Explanation:
The relation R is symmetric only , because if L1 is perpendicular to L2 ,then L2 is also perpendicular to L1,but no other cases
that is reflexive and transitive is not possible.

16.
(d) −3^i + 2^j
Explanation:
Given that, α = k
^

and γ = 2^i + 3^j + 4k^

Since, β is perpendicular to both α and γ .

∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
∣ ∣
i.e., β = ±(α × γ) = ± ∣ 0 0 1∣
∣ ∣
∣2 3 4∣

= ^ ^ ^
± i (0 − 3) − j (0 − 2) + k(0 − 0)

= ±(−3^i + 2^j )

17.
(b) R
Explanation:
sin(x), x ≥ 0 sin x, x ≥ 0
sin |x| = { ={
sin(−x), x < 0 − sin x, x < 0

Hence, f(x) is continuous at every value of x.

18.
(b) ± 1

Explanation:
1
±
3

19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion: We have, f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x - 3
⇒ f'(x) = 6x2 - 18x + 12
For increasing function, f'(x) ≥ 0
∴6(x2 - 3x + 2) ≥ 0
⇒ 6(x - 2)(x - 1) ≥ 0

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 ⇒ x ≤ 1 and x ≥ 2
∴ f(x) is increasing outside the interval (1, 2), therefore it is a true statement.
Reason: Now, f'(x) < 0
⇒ 6(x - 2)(x - 1) < 0
⇒ 1<x<2
∴ Assertion and Reason are both true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Given, n(A) = 4
Total number of reflexive relations = 2n(n -1)
= 2
4×3
= 212
Section B
21. We know that, for any x ∈ R, cot-1x
represents an angle in (0, π )
– –
(− √3) = An angle in (0, π ) whose cotangent is (− √3)
−1
cot
π
= π −
6
5π
=
6
–
∴ cot
−1
(− √3) =
5π

6
.
OR
−1
Let cos −1
( ) = y
√2

1
⇒ cos y = −
√2

π
⇒ cos y = − cos
4

π 3π
⇒ cos y = cos(π − ) = cos
4 4

Since, the principal value branch of cos-1 is [0, π] .

−1
Therefore, Principal value of cos −1
( ) is 3π

4
.
√2

22. Given: f(x) = sin 3x

f'(x) = 3 cos 3x
Now, 0 < x < π/2 ⇒ 0 < 3x < 3π/2
Since cosine function is positive in first quadrant and negative in the second and third quadrants. Therefore, we consider the
following cases.
Case1: When 0 < 3x < π/2 i.e. 0 < x < π/6
In this case, we have
′
0 < 3x < π/2 ⇒ cos 3x > 0 ⇒ 3 cos 3x > 0 ⇒ f (x) > 0

′
f (x) > 0, for 0 < 3x < π/2 i.e. 0 < x < π/6
So, f(x) is increasing function on (0, π/6)
Case 2: When < 3x < π

2
i.e. < x < 3π

2
π

6
π

in this case, we have,

′
π/2 < 3x < 3π/2 ⇒ cos 3x < 0 ⇒ 3 cos 3x < 0 ⇒ f (x) < 0

Thus, f ′
(x) < 0 for π/2 < 3x < 3π/2 i.e. π/6 < x < π/2
π π
Hence, f(x) is decreasing on ( 6
,
2
)

23. It is given that g(x) = -|x + 1| + 3

Now, we can see that -|x + 1| ≤ 0 for every x ∈ R
⇒ g(x) = −|x + 1| + 3 ≤ 3 for every x ∈ R

The maximum value of f is attained when |x + 1| = 0

|x + 1| = 0
⇒ x = −1

Then, Maximum value of g = g(-1) = -|-1 + 1| + 3 = 3

Therefore, function f does not have a minimum value.
OR

5 / 15
 Given: f (x) = log(1 + x) − 2x

2+x

1 d (2+x)×2−2x(0+1) 1 4
′
⇒ f (x) = (x + 1) − = −
1+x dx 2 1+x 2
(2+x) (2+x)

2 2
(2+x ) −4(1+x) 2
′ x x 1
⇒ f (x) = = = ( )
2 2 2+x x+1
(2+x ) (1+x) (2+x ) (1+x)

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

2
x 1
⇒ ( ) > 0
2+x x+1

⇒
x+1
1
> 0 and x ≠ 0
⇒ and x ≠ 0
x + 1 > 0

⇒ x > −1 and x ≠ 0

so, f(x)is increasing on (−1, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)

1
2

24. Let I = ∫ xe dx x

Also let x2 = t ⇒ 2x dx = dt
Also, when x = 0, t = 0
and
When x = 1, t = 1
Hence,
1

I= 1

2
∫ et dt
0

1
1 t
= |e ∣∣
2 0
1
= 2
(e - 1)

25.

Let AB be the height of pole, Suppose at time t, the man CD is at a distance x meters from the lamp-post and y meters be the
dx
length of his shadow CE, then dt
= 1.1m/sec

AB AE
=
CD CE

600 x+y
=
160 y

15 x+y
=
4 y

15y = 4x + 4y

11y = 4x
dy dx
11 = 4
dt dt
dy 4
= (1.1)
dt 11
dy
= 0.4m/sec
dt

Rate of increasing of shadow = 0.4 m/ sec.

Section C
26. let the given integral be,
3x+5
I=∫ ⋅ dx
√x2 −8x+7

x+5/3
I = 3∫ ⋅ dx
√x2 −8x+7

3 2x+10/3
I= 2
∫ ⋅ dx
√x2 −8x+7

2x−8+8+10/3
I= 3

2
∫ ⋅ dx
√x2 −8x+7

6 / 15
 2x−8 34/3
I= 3

2
∫ ⋅ dx + 3

2
∫ ⋅ dx
√x2 −8x+7 √x2 −8x+7

⇒ I= 3

2
(I1 + I2) ...(A)

x2 - 8x + 7 = t ⇒ (2x - 8) dx = dt
I1 = ∫ dt

√t
−−−−−−−− −
I1 = 1

2
√t = 1

2
√x2 − 8x + 7 + C1 ...(i)
Now,
34
I2 = ∫
1
⋅ dx
3 √x2 −8x+7

34
I2 = 3
∫
1
⋅ dx
2
√(x−4) −9

34 −−−−−−−− −
I2 = 3
log(|(x - 4) + √x 2
− 8x + 7 |) + C2 ...(ii)
Using (i), and (ii) in (A) we get
−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−−
I= 3

2
[
1

2
√x2 − 8x + 7 + 34

3
2
log(|(x − 4) + √x − 8x + 7|) + C]
1
27. Required area = ∫ −2
ydx

1
=∫ −2
x dx
2

3 1

=[ x

3
]
−2
3
(−2)
= 1

3
- 3

= 1

3
+ 8

= 9

3
= 3 sq. units.
−−−− −−−−
28. = ∫ (√cot x + √tan x)dx
−−−− 1 1
= ∫ (√cot x + )dx [Using tan x = cotx
]
√cot x

cot x+1
= ∫ ( ) dx
√cot x

Put tan x = t2
−−−−
I=∫ √tan x (cot x + 1)dx

Let tan x = t2
sec2x dx = 2t dt
1 + tan2x = 2t dt

dx

1 + t4 = 2t dt

dx

dx = 2t

4
dt
(1+ t )

−
−
Now, I = ∫ √t2 (
1

2
+ 1) (
2t

4
) dt
t 1+t

1 2t
= ∫ t( + 1) ( ) dt
2 4
t 1+t
2
2 1+t 1
= ∫ 2t ( )( ) dt
2 4
t 1+t
2
1+t
= 2∫ ( ) dt
4
1+t
2
1+t

t2
= 2∫ dt
4
1+t

t2
1
1+
2
t
= 2∫ dt
2 1
t + +2−2
2
t
1
1+
t2
I = 2∫ dt
2
1 2
(t− ) +( √2)
t

Let t − 1

t
= y ⇒ (1 +
1

2
) dt = dy
t

dy
∴ I = 2∫
2 2
y +( √2)

1 y
−1
= 2[ tan ( )] + C
√2 √2

1
t−
2 −1 t
= tan ( ) + C
√2 √2

2
– −1 t −1
= √2 tan ( ) + C
√2t

7 / 15
 – −1 tan x−1
= √2 tan ( ) + C
√2√tan x

– −1 tan x−1
= √2 tan ( ) + C
√2 tan x

OR
Let the given integral be, l=∫ 1
dx
√(x−1)(2−x)

Put x = cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ

∴ dx = 2cosθ(-sin θ)dθ + 4sinθcosθdθ = 2 sinθcosθdθ

x = cos2θ + 2 sin2θ
−−− −−
⇒ sinθ = √x − 1

when x → 1, sinθ → 0 or θ → 0
when x → 2, sinθ → 1 or θ → π

2
1

3 2 sin θ cos θdθ

⇒ I = ∫
0
2 2
√(cos 2 θ+2 sin θ−1)(2− cos 2 θ−2 sin θ)

⇒ I = ∫
0
3 2 sin θ cos θdθ
(sin2θ + cos2θ = 1)
√sin2 θ cos 2 θ
π

3 2 sin θ cos θdθ

⇒ I = ∫
0 sin θ cos θ
π

3
⇒ I = 2∫ dθ
0
π

2
⇒ I = 2θ|
0
π
⇒ I = 2( − 0) = π
2

29. When x < 1, we have f(x) = 1 - x.

We know that a polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiable. So, f (x) is
continuous and differentiable for all x < 1
Similarly, f (x) is continuous and differentiable for all x ∈ (1, 2) and x > 2.
Thus, the possible points where we have to check the continuity and differentiability of f (x) are
x = 1 and x = 2.
Continuity at x = 1:
We observe that:
lim f (x) = lim(1 − x) [∵ f (x) = 1 − x for x < 1]
− x→1
x→1

=1-1=0
lim f (x) = lim(1 − x)(2 − x) =0 [∵ f (x) = (1 − x)(2 − x), for 1 ≤ x ≤ 2]
+ x→1
x→1

and, f(1) = (1 - 1)(2 - 1) = 0

∴ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (1)
− +
x→1 x→1

So, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.

Continuity at x - 2: We observe that:
lim f (x) = lim(1 − x)(2 − x) [∵ f (x) = (1 − x)(2 − x) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 2]
− x→2
x→2

and, lim f (x) = lim(3 − x) = 3 − 2 = 1 [f (x) = 3 − x for x > 2]

+ x→2
x→2

∴ lim f (x) ≠ lim f (x)

− x→2
x→2

So, f (x) is not continuous at x = 2.

Differentiability at x = 1:
we observe that:
f (x)−f (1)
(LHD at x = 1) = lim
x−1
−
x→1

(1−x)−0
⇒ (LHD at x = 1) = lim x−1
[Using definition of f(x)]
x→1

x−1
⇒ (LHD at x = 1) = − lim x−1
= −1
x→1

f (x)−f (1)
and (RHD at x = 1) = lim
+ x−1
x→1

(1−x)(2−x)−0
⇒ (RHD at x = 1) = lim x−1
[Using definition of f(x)[
x→1

(x−1)(x−2)
⇒ (RHD at x = 1) = lim x−1
x→1

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 ⇒ (RHD at x = 1) = lim x − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1
x→1

Clearly, (LHD at x = 1) = (RHD at x = 1). So, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.

Differentiability at x = 2:
Since, f (x) is not continuous at x = 2. So, it is not differentiable at x = 2.
OR
Given: (cosx)y = (cosy)x
y x
⇒ log (cos x) = log (cos y)

⇒ y log cos x = x log cos y

d d
⇒ (y log cos x) = (x log cos y)
dx dx

d dy d d
⇒ y log cos x + log cos x = x log cos y + log cos y x
dx dx dx dx

1 d dy 1 d
⇒ y cos x + log cos x = x cos y + log cos y.1
cos x dx dx cos y dx

1 dy 1 dy
⇒ y (− sin x) + log cos x = x (− sin y ) + log cos y
cos x dx cos y dx

dy dy
⇒ −y tan x + log cos x = −x tan y. + log cos y
dx dx
dy dy
⇒ x tan y
dx
+ log cos x.
dx
= y tan x + log cos y
dy
⇒
dx
(x tan y + log cos x) = y tan x + log cos y
dy y tan x+log cos y
⇒ =
dx x tan y+log cos x

30. Our problem is to minimise the objective function Z = 5x + 10 y ...(i)

Subject to constraints
x + 2y ≤ 120......(ii)
x + y ≥ 60........(iii)
x -2y ≥ 0..........(iv)
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ( which is the non negative constraint which will restrict the feasible region to the first quadrant only)
Table of values for line ( ii) x + 2y = 120 are given below.
x 0 120

y 60 0
Replace O (0, 0) in the inequality x + 2y ≤ 120, we get
0 + 2 × 0 ≤ 120
⇒ 0 ≤ 120 (which is true)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( ii) is towards the origin which means that the origin O(0,0) is a point in the
feasible region of the inequality of the line ( ii).
Secondly, draw the graph of the line x + y = 60.Hence the table of values of the line ( iii) is given as follows.
x 0 60

y 60 0
On replacing O(0, 0) in the inequality x + y≥ 60, we get
0 + 0 ≥ 60 ⇒ 0 ≥ 60 (which is false)

So, the half plane for the inequality of the line ( iii) is away from the origin, which means that the origin is not a point on the
feasible region .
Thirdly, draw the graph of the line x - 2y = 0 and the table of values for ( iv) is given as follows.
x 0 10

y 0 5

9 / 15
 On solving equations x - 2y = 0 and x + y = 60, we get D(40,20) and on solving equations x -2y = 0 and x + 2y = 120, we get C
(60, 30)
Feasible region is ABCDA, which is a bounded feasible region, the coordinates of the corner points of the feasible region are
given as A (60, 0), B ( 120, 0), C ( 60, 30) and D (40, 20).
Corner points Z = 5x + 10y

A(60,0) Z = 300(minimum)

B(120,0) Z= 600

C(60,0) Z= 600

D(40,20) Z= 400
The values of Z at these points are as follows So, the minimum value of Z is obtained as 300 , which occurs at the point (60, 0).
OR
We need to maximize Z = 4x + 3 y
First, we will convert the given inequations into equations, we obtain the following equations and solving we get the values are as
follows:
3x + 4 y = 24, 8x + 6 y = 48,x = 5, y = 6, x = 0 and y = 0
The line 3x + 4 y = 24 meets the coordinate axis at A(8,0) and B(0,6). Join these points to obtain the line 3x + 4 y = 24 Clearly, (0,
0) satisfies the inequation 3x + 4 y ≤ 24.50, the region in xy-plane that contains the origin represents the solution set of the given
equation.
The line 8 x+ 6 y = 48 meets the coordinate axis at C(6,0) and D(0,8). Join these points to obtain line 8 x+ 6 y = 48. Clearly, (0,0)
satisfies the inequation 8x + 6y ≤ 48. So, the region in XY-plane that contains the origin represents the solution set of the given
equation.
x = 5 is the line passing through x = 5 parallel to the Y-axis.
y = 6 is the line passing through y = 6 parallel to the X-axis.
The region represented by non negative restrictions ,x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 :
since every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations. So, the first quadrant is the region represented by the
inequations.
These lines are drawn using a suitable scale.

The corner points of the feasible region are O(0,0), G(5,0), F (5, 4

3
) , E( 24

7
,
24

7
) and B(0, 6), The values of objective function Z
at these corner are as follows.
Corner point Z = 4x + 3y

O(0, 0) 4×0+3×0=0

G(5, 0) 4 × 5 + 3 × 0 = 20
4 4
F (5, ) 4 × 5 + 3 × = 24
3 3

24 24 24 24 196
E( , ) 4 × + 3 = = 24
7 7 7 7 7

24 24 196
B(0, 6) 4 ×
7
+ 3
7
=
7
= 24

We see that the maximum value of the objective function z is 24 which is at F (5, 4

3
) and E ( 24

7
,
24

7
)

Thus, the optimal value of objective function z is 24.

√1−x2

31. Let u =tan −1

[
x
]

10 / 15
 Put x =cos θ ⇒ θ = cos −1
x

√1− cos 2
Then, u = tan-1[
θ
]
cos θ

√sin2 θ
= tan-1[ cos θ
][∵ cos
2
θ + sin
2
θ = 1 ⇒ sin
2
θ = 1 − cos
2
θ]

= tan-1[ sin θ

cos θ
]

= tan-1[tan θ] = θ
−1
⇒ u = cos x

On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

du 1
= −
dx √1−x2

−−−−−
Again , let v =cos −1 2
(2x√1 − x )

Put x =cos θ ⇒ θ = cos −1

x
−−−−− −−−
Then, v = cos −1 2
[2 cos θ√1 − cos θ]

−−−−− −−−
2
∵ sin θ = √1 − cos θ
−1
= cos [2 cos θ sin θ] [ ]
2 2
⇒ sin θ = 1 − cos θ

−1
= cos [sin 2θ]

−1 π π
= cos [cos( − 2θ)] = − 2θ
2 2
π −1 −1
⇒ v = − 2 cos x [∵ θ = cos x]
2

On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

dv 2
=
dx √1−x2

√1−x2

Now, du
=
du
×
dx
=− 1
×
dv dx dv √1−x2 2

1
= −
2

Section D
32. Equation of the curve is y = sin x …(i)
∴ y = sin x ⩾ 0 for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π i.e., graph is in first and second quadrant.

And y = sin x ⩽ 0 for π ⩽ x ⩽ 2π i.e., graph is in third and fourth quadrant.

dy
If tangent is parallel to x - axis, then dx
= 0

⇒ cos x = 0
π 3π
⇒ x = ,
2 2

Table of values for curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x = 2π

π 3π
x 0 2
π
2
2π

y 0 1 0 -1 0
Now Required shaded area = Area OAB + Area BCD
π
∣ ∣ ∣ 2π ∣
= ∣∫ ydx∣ + ∣ ∫ ydx∣
∣0 ∣ ∣π ∣
π
∣ ∣ ∣ 2π ∣
= ∣∫ sin xdx∣ + ∣ ∫ sin xdx∣
∣0 ∣ ∣π ∣
π 2π
= |− (cos x) | + ∣ ∣
∣− (cos x) π ∣
0

= |− (cos π − cos 0)| + |− (cos 2π − cos π)|

= |− (−1 − 1)| + |− (1 + 1)|

= 2 + 2 = 4 sq. units

11 / 15
33. For x1, x2 ∈ R, consider
f(x1) = f(x2)
x1 x2
⇒ =
2 2
x +1 x +1
1 2

2 2
⇒ x1 x + x1 = x2 x + x2
2 1

⇒ x1x2(x2 - x1) = x2 - x1
⇒ x1 = x2 or x1x2 = 1
1
We note that there are point, x1 and x2 with x1 ≠ x2 and f(x1) = f(x2) for instance, if we take x1 = 2 and x 2 =
2
, then we have
f (x1 )
2

5
and f (x 2) =
2

5
but 2 ≠ 1

2
. Hence f is not one-one. Also, f is not onto for if so then for 1 ∈ R ∃ x ∈ R such that f(x) = 1
which gives x

2
= 1 . But there is no such x in the domain R, since the equation x2 - x + 1 = 0 does not give any real value of x.
x +1

OR
i. A be the set of human beings.
R = {(x, y) : x and y work at the same place}
Reflexive:
∴ x and x works together R

∴ (x, x) ∈ R
⇒ R is reflexive
Symmetric: If x and y work at the same place, which implies, y and x work at the same place
∴ (y, x) ∈ R

⇒ R is symmetric

Transitive: If x and y work at the same place then x and y work at the same place and y and z work at the same place,
⇒ (x, z) ∈ R and
Hence,
⇒ R is transitive

ii. A be the set of human beings.

R = {(x, y) : x and y lives in the same locality}
Reflexive: Since x and x lives in the same locality,
⇒ (x, x) ∈ R

⇒ R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let (x, y) ∈ R
⇒ x and y lives in the same locality

⇒ y and x lives in the same locality

⇒ (y, x) ∈ R

⇒ R is symmetric.

Transitive: Leet (x, y) ∈ R and (y, z) ∈ R

(x, y) ∈ R
⇒ x and y lives in the same locality and (y, z) ∈ R

⇒ y and z lives in the same locality

⇒ x and z lives in the same locality

⇒ (x, z) ∈ R
⇒ R is transitive

2 2 −4 1 −1 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

34. We have, A = ⎢ −4 2 −4 ⎥ , B = ⎢2 3 4⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
2 −1 5 0 1 2

1 −1 0 2 2 −4 6 0 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ BA = ⎢ 2 3 4 ⎥ ⎢ −4 2 −4 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 6 0⎥ = 6I
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 1 2 2 −1 5 0 0 6

2 2 −4
⎡ ⎤

∴ B-1 = A

6
=
1

6
A= 1

6
⎢ −4 2 −4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
2 −1 5

Also, x - y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17 and y + 2z = 7

12 / 15
 1 −1 0 x 3
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⇒ ⎢2 3 4 ⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢ 17 ⎥

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 1 2 z 7
−1
x 1 −1 0 3
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

∴ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢2 3 4⎥ ⎢ 17 ⎥

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
z 0 1 2 7

2 2 −4 3
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

=
1

6
⎢ −4 2 −4 ⎥ ⎢ 17 ⎥ [using Eq. (i)]
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
2 −1 5 7

6 + 34 − 28 12 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 1
= ⎢ −12 + 34 − 28 ⎥ = ⎢ −6 ⎥ = ⎢ −1 ⎥
6 6
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
6 − 17 + 35 24 4

∴ x = 2, y = -1 and z = 4
→
35. ^ ^ ^
a 1 = −i − j − k
→
^ ^ ^
a 2 = 3 i + 5 j + 7k
→
^ ^ ^
b 1 = 7 i − 6 j + 1k
→
^ ^ ^
b 2 = i − 2j + k
→ →
^ ^ ^
a 2 − a 1 = 4 i + 6 j + 8k

∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
→ → ∣ ∣
b 1 × b 2 = ∣7 −6 1∣
∣ ∣
∣1 −2 1∣

^ ^ ^
= −4 i − 6 j − 8k

⃗ ⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(a⃗2 − a⃗1 ). (b1 × b2 ) = (4 i + 6 j + 8k). (−4 i − 6 j − 8k) = -16 - 36 - 64 = -116
→ → −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
∣ ∣ 2 2 2
∣ b 1 × b 2 ∣ = √(−4) + (−6) + (−8)
∣ ∣
−−−
= √116
−−
= 2√29

∣ ∣
→ →
∣ ( a 2 − a 1 ).( b1 × b2 ) ∣
d =
∣ ∣→ → ∣ ∣
∣ b 1× b 2∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣ −116 ∣ 4×29
= =
∣ 2√29 ∣ 2√29

−−
= 2√29

OR
^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
a⃗1 = i + j , b1 = 2 i − j + k

^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
a⃗2 = 2 i + j − k, b2 = 3 i − 5 j + 2k

^ ^
a⃗2 − a⃗1 = i − k

∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
∣ ∣
⃗ ⃗
b1 × b2 = ∣ 2 −1 1∣
∣ ∣
∣3 −5 2∣

^ ^ ^
= i (−2 + 5) − j (4 − 3) + k(−10 + 3)

^ ^ ^
= 3 i − j − 7k

∣ ⃗ ⃗ ∣ −−−−−−− − −−
b × b2 = √9 + 1 + 49 = √59
∣ 1 ∣

Also, (b ⃗ 1
⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
× b2 ). (a⃗2 − a⃗1 ) = (3 i − j − 7k)( i − k) = 3 + 7 + 0 = 10
⃗ ⃗
∣ ( b1 × b2 ).( a⃗2 − a⃗1 ) ∣ 10
d = ∣ ∣ =
⃗ ⃗ √59
∣ | b1 × b2 | ∣

Section E
36. i. 5x - 4y = 40
5x - 8y = -80
5 −4 x 40
[ ][ ]= [ ]
5 −8 y −80

13 / 15
 5 −4 x 40
ii. A = [ ] ,X=[ ] and B = [ ]
5 −8 y −80

|A| = -40 + 20 = -20 ≠ 0

−8 −5 −8 4
Cofactor matrix A = [ ] adj A = [ ]
4 5 −5 5

5 −4 x 40
iii. A = [ ] ,X=[ ] and B = [ ]
5 −8 y −80

|A| = -40 + 20 = -20 ≠ 0

−8 −5 −8 4
Cofactor matrix A = [ ] , adj A = [ ]
4 5 −5 5

X = A-1 B ...(i)
A-1 = 1
⋅ adjA
|A|

−8 4
A-1 = 1

−20
⋅ [ ]
−5 5

From (i)
x 1
−8 4 40
[ ]= ⋅ [ ][ ]
−20
y −5 5 −80

x 1
−320 − 320 32
⇒ [ ]= [ ]= [ ]
−20
y −200 − 400 30

x = 32 and y = 30
OR
There are 32 Children, and each child is given ₹30.
Total money spent by Seema = 32 × 30 = ₹960
Hence Seema spends ₹960 in distributing the money to all the students of the Orphanage.
37. i. Resultant velocity of boat
−− −−−−
2 2
= √4 + 3
−−
= √25

= 5 m/s
Width of river
ii. Time taken by boat to cross the river =
Resultant velocity of boat
40
=
5

= 8 sec
iii. Downstream distance travelled by boat = downstream speed × time taken by boat to cross the river
=3×8
= 24 m
OR
−−−−−−−−− −
Resultant velocity of boat = √(1.5) + (2) 2 2

−−−−−−−
= √2.25 + 4
−−−
−
= √6.25

= 2.5 m/sec
38. i. If P is the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented apartments, the profit is given by NP - 500 N = N(P - 500)
[∵ ₹500/month is the maintenance charge for each occupied unit]
ii. Let R be the rent price per apartment and N is the number of rented apartments.
Now, if x be the number of non-rented apartments, then N(x) = 50 - x and R(x) = 10000 + 250x
Thus, profit = P(x) = NR = (50 - x) (10000 + 250 x - 500)
= (50 - x) (9500 + 250 x) = 250(50 - x) (38 + x)
iii. We have, P(x) = 250(50 - x) (38 + x)
Now, P'(x) = 250[50 - x - (38 + x)] = 250[12 - 2x]
For maxima/minima, put P'(x) = 0
⇒ 12 - 2x = 0 ⇒ x = 6

Number of apartments are 6.

OR
P′(x) = 250(12 - 2x)

14 / 15
P′′(x) = - 500 < 0
⇒ P(x) is maximum at x = 6

15 / 15