D.A.
V BOYS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
PHYSICS
PROJECT
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON
MAGNETIC STRENGTH OF A BAR
MAGNET
NAME : KARNAM ROOPESH
CLASS & SEC : XII C
ROLL NO :
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Register No. ___________________
Certified to be the Bonafide Project Work done by KARNAM ROOPESH of
Class XII Section C of DAV Boys Senior Secondary School, Gopalapuram
during the year 2023-2024
Signature of Principal Signature of Subject Teacher
School Seal
Submitted for the Practical Examination held on _____________________
at __________________________________________________________
Internal Examiner External Examiner
Date: Chief Superintendent
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I , Karnam Roopesh of class XII-C would like to thank my
teachers Mrs.Chitra Raghavan mam and Mrs.N.S.Latha
mam for their guidance and support in completion of my
project .
I am also very much thankful to our school principal
Mrs.Chitra Raghavan mam for guiding me with all the
facilities and the materials that were required .
I am also thankful to Mr.D.Perumal anna as well as my
friends without whom I wouldn’t have been able to do this
project .
INDEX
● BONAFIDE
● ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
● INTRODUCTION
● THEORY
● EXPERIMENT
● AIM
● MATERIAL
● PROCEDURE
● OBSERVATION
● PRECAUTIONS
● RESULTS
● GRAPH
● BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
● A magnet is a material or object that produces magnetic field which is
invisible but most notable property of an magnet: a force that pulls all
the ferromagnetic Material like iron and repels other magnets
● A magnet is an object that produces a magnetic field. Some magnets
are referred to as permanent Hold their magnetism without any
external electric current. They are special because at the microscopic
level, they contain many tiny magnetic domains. Each magnetic
domain is like a tiny magnet with a north and south pole. Normally,
the tiny magnetic forces created in those domains point randomly in
all directions, so they cancel each other out, and as a result the
material will not exert a magnetic push or pull on other ferromagnetic
materials. However, when the material is placed in a strong magnetic
field, the material gets magnetized, and all of these tiny magnetic
fields line up, creating an overall larger magnetic field.
● A magnetic field is the space surrounding a magnet in which
magnetic force is exerted. The motion of negatively charged electrons
in the magnet determine not only the polarity but also the strength of
the magnet (cold magnet). Magnets are filled with magnetic lines of
force; these lines originate at the North pole of the magnet and
continue to the South pole; the north pole is positive. Magnetic lines
of force do not intersect each other.
● Magnetism is created by the alignment of small domains within a
specific set of metals.these domains function as all atoms do thus the
temperature affects the moment the High the heat the greater the
energy and as such the moment of the particles. In contrast cold
temperatures show the moment (magnetic field strength and low
temperature) slower movements lead to more fixed directions in
terms of the domains.
THEORY
● A magnet is a material or object that produces Magnetic field which is
an invisible but most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls
all other ferromagnetic materials such as iron, and repels other
magnets.
● A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is
magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field and
everyday, an example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on
a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also
the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called
ferromagnetic (or ferromagnetic) these include iron nickel etc,
although ferromagnetic materials are the only ones attracted to a
magnet strongly in to be commonly considered magnetic, all other
substances respond weakly to a magnetic field, by one of several
other types of magnetism.
● Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into magnetically "soft"
materials like annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not
tend to stay magnetized and magnetically "hard" materials which do.
Permanent magnets are made of Hard ferromagnetic material such
as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to special processing in a
powerful magnetic field during manufacture to align their internal
micro-crystalline structure, making them very hard to magnetic. To
magnetize a saturated magnet, a certain magnetic field must be
applied, and this threshold depends on capacity of the respective
material" Hard" materials have coercity whereas "soft" material have
low coercivity
● The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic
moment or alternatively the total magnetic flux it produces. The local
strength of magnetism in a material is measured by its magnetization.
EXPERIMENT
AIM : To study the effect of increasing temperature on magnetism.
MATERIALS:-
1. Magnet
2. Water bath
3. Bunsen burner
4. Tongs
5. Iron paper clips
6. Thermometer
PROCEDURE:-
1. First a magnet is heated in water near boiling temperature
2. Using insulated tongs the magnet is brought near a pile of clips.
3. The number of clips attracted to the magnet are counted.
4. Clips must be of same dimensions
5. Similarly it is repeated for 70°C, 50°C, 36 deg * C
6. The number of clips attracted are respectively noted
7. Greater number of clips , The greater is the magnetic strength .
OBSERVATIONS :-
TEMPERATURE (C) NO. OF CLIPS ATTRACTED
90 15
75 27
60 40
30 45
INFERENCE :-
Magnetic Strength decreases with increase in temperature .
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The clips shouldn't be rusted.
2. Clips should be of the same dimensions.
3. Thermometer should be properly placed with the bulb suspended in the
water of the water bath.
SOURCE OF ERROR:-
1. Clips may be of different dimensions.
2. Thermometer may be improperly placed.
RESULT:-
Thus the effect of temperature on the strength of bar magnet is studied and
a graph is plotted showing variation of magnetic strength with temperature.
CONCLUSION:-
● Magnetic Materials should maintain a balance between temperature
and magnetic domains (the atoms inclination to spin in a certain
direction) when exposed to extreme temperatures however this
balance is destabilized.
● Heat can result in loss of magnetic properties. In other words, too
much heat can completely ruin a magnet. Excessive heat causes
atoms to move rapidly,disturbing the magnetic domains as the atoms
are sped up, the percentage of magnetic domains spinning in the
same direction decreases. This lack of cohesion weakens the
magnetic force and eventually demagnetizes it entirely.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :-
www.sciencebuddies.com
NCERT class XII PHYSICS
www.technopedia.com
