APPLICATION AND

INSTALLATION GUIDE
The following installation procedures have been written to familiarize the
user with basic knowledge on how the chosen anchor is to be used.

For complete installation instructions and safety information, always refer

to the instruction sheets provided with the drive tooling.

Remember, before starting any anchor job, inspect the tooling for wear
or loose and missing parts. If replacement is necessary, only use
CHANCE® recommended parts.
Just as equally important, inspect and survey the worksite for safety
hazards.

INDEX
B-42 TOUGH ONE® Anchors
B-43 Standard PISA® Anchors
B-44 How to Use PISA® Anchors
B-45 Square Shaft and Round Rod Anchors
B-46 No Wrench Anchors
B-47 Corrosion Resistant Disk Anchors
B-48 8-Way Expanding (Bust) Anchors
B-49 Cross Plate Anchors
B-50 Pole Key Anchor
B-51 Expanding Rock Anchors
B-52 Bumper Post Anchors
B-53 How to Solve Anchor Problems
B-58 Tool Maintenance - Inspections
B-61 Anchor Tooling - Proper Maintenance
B-65 Anchor Installing Tool Safety - “Proper Tooling”
B-68 Tool Maintenance - “Detecting and Preventing Damaged Tooling”
This section of the Anchor Encyclopedia is to provide basic data on how and when a certain anchor is to be used. Always
refer to the actual supplied instructions for preferred installation techniques.

B-41
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
TOUGH ONE® ANCHORS
15,000 FT-LB. 8,000 FT-LB.
LARGE HUB ASSEMBLIES LARGE HUB ASSEMBLIES
For distribution and transmission For distribution and transmission
ANCHOR
guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot anchor guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot anchor
APPLICATIONS rods are used. rods are used.

INSTALL IN Classes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (300- Classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 (300-750

THESE 1600 inch-pounds with the soil inch-pounds with the soil test
CLASS SOILS test probe) probe)

INSTALLING Power digger and wrench as- Power digger and wrench as-
EQUIPMENT sembly (see page B-28) sembly (see pages B-26 or B-28)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Do not use beyond two exten- Do not use beyond two exten-
sions (14 feet). Maximum instal- sions (14 feet). Maximum instal-
ON USE
lation torque is 15,000 foot- lation torque is 8,000 foot-pound.
pound.

10,000 FT-LB. 8,000 FT-LB.

SMALL HUB ASSEMBLIES SMALL HUB ASSEMBLIES
For distribution and transmission For distribution and transmission
ANCHOR
guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot anchor guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot anchor
APPLICATIONS rods are used. rods are used.

INSTALL IN Classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 (300-750 Classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 (300-750

THESE inch-pounds with the soil test inch-pounds with the soil test
CLASS SOILS probe) probe)

INSTALLING Power digger and wrench as- Power digger and wrench as-
EQUIPMENT sembly (see page B-26) sembly (see page B-26)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Do not use beyond two exten- Do not use beyond two exten-
sions (14 feet). Maximum instal- sions (14 feet). Maximum instal-
ON USE
lation torque is 10,000 foot- lation torque is 8,000 foot-pound.
pound.

B-42
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
PISA® ANCHORS

STANDARD STRENGTH ANCHORS MID-STRENGTH ANCHORS

For distribution guy loads, 31⁄2 For distribution and sub-trans-
ANCHOR
and 7 foot anchor rods are used. mission guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot
APPLICATIONS anchor rods are used.

INSTALL IN Classes 5 and 6 (200-400 inch- Classes 4, 5 and 6 (200-500 inch-

THESE pounds with the soil test probe) pounds with the soil test probe)
CLASS SOILS

INSTALLING Power digger and wrench as- Power digger and wrench as-
EQUIPMENT sembly (see page B-26) sembly (see page B-26)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Do not use in hard soils beyond Do not use in very hard soils or
two extensions (14-feet). Maxi- beyond two extensions (14-feet).
ON USE
mum installation torque is 4,000 Maximum installation torque is
foot-pound. 6,000 foot-pound.

PISA®-6 ANCHORS
PISA®-7 ANCHORS
®
(FORMERLY PISA -5 ANCHORS)
For distribution and sub-trans- For distribution and transmission
ANCHOR
mission guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot guy loads, 31⁄2 and 7 foot anchor
APPLICATIONS anchor rods are used. rods are used.

INSTALL IN Classes 4, 5 and 6 (200-500 Classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 (300-750

THESE inch-pounds with the soil test inch-pounds with the soil test
CLASS SOILS probe) probe)

INSTALLING Power digger and wrench as- Power digger and wrench as-
EQUIPMENT sembly (see page B-26) sembly (see page B-26)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Do not use in very hard soils or Do not use in hard, rocky soils or
beyond two extensions (14-feet). beyond two extensions (14-feet).
ON USE
Maximum installation torque is Maximum installation torque is
6,000 foot-pound. 7,000 foot-pound.

B-43
HOW TO USE POWER-INSTALLED SCREW ANCHORS
GENERAL INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS STEP FIVE—INSTALL ANCHOR
Four words summarize proper anchor installation technique: "proper align- Begin anchor in near vertical posi-
ment" and "down pressure." The PISA® anchor wrench transmits torque tion. When anchor has a good
from the digger's Kelly bar to the anchor hub. (The anchor rod only has to start, retract boom to correct
be of sufficient diameter to support the guy load.) Always maintain adequate anchor angle. Complete in-
down pressure and keep the Kelly bar and the wrench aligned with the stallation. During instal-
anchor. The right amount of down pressure keeps the anchor continuously lation, truck outriggers
advancing. Too much down pressure may bend or even break an anchor should lift slightly. Avoid
helix at torque loads far below the rating. Too little down pressure may result excessive uplift. When
in "churning" the soil, damaging the wrench and possibly damaging the locking dogs reach
digger truck. Either extreme may result in wasted time, reduced holding ground level, stop
capacity and damaged equipment. installation.

FOR SITUATIONS WHERE OVERHEAD LINES ARE NOT AN

OBSTRUCTION STEP SIX—RETRIEVE WRENCH

Position locking dog rings in middle posi-

STEP-BY-STEP ANCHOR tion and withdraw wrench. Anchor rod will
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE remain in ground.
STEP SEVEN—
ANCHOR WRENCH ATTACH ANCHOR EYE NUT

Kelly bar adapter is attached to digger's Kelly Complete installation by installing eye nut.
bar by a single bolt. Locking dog assembly
holds the drive end assembly. If anchor depth
of one 7' rod length is desired, drive end assem-
bly is all that's required. If anchor is to be FOR AN INSTALLATION DEEPER THAN ONE ANCHOR
installed deeper than one anchor rod length, ROD LENGTH, PERFORM FOLLOWING STEPS
the 31/2' extension assembly is attached be-
tween drive end assembly and locking dog
assembly to obtain added depth. PISA® an- REMOVE LOCKING DOG
chors should not be installed beyond 14' since ASSEMBLY AT GROUND LEVEL
wrench retrieval is difficult beyond this depth.
Position locking dog rings in outside
position and withdraw locking dog
assembly.

STEP ONE — OPEN LOCKING DOGS

ADD ANCHOR ROD EXTENSION
Before installing drive end assembly in
Add anchor extension rod to rod remaining in
locking dog assembly, open dogs by
pulling outward and twisting to outside ground.
position. NOTE: Locking dog assembly
ATTACH WRENCH ASSEMBLY
has three ring positions. Middle position
holds wrench drive end assembly. Inside
With wrench extension bolted to drive end assem-
ring position allows locking dogs to hold
bly in the ground and locked in position at the
anchor rod. Outside position releases
drive end assembly from locking dog locking dogs, installation can proceed.
assembly.
COMPLETE THE INSTALLATION
STEP TWO — INSERT DRIVE END ASSEMBLY
When locking dogs reach ground level, position
locking dogs in middle position and retrieve the
With locking dog rings in outside position, drive end assembly and extension assembly.
insert drive end asembly into locking dog
assembly. Rotate rings to middle position.
Drive end assembly will be captured in locking
dog assembly. Now rotate locking dogs to
inside position to accept and capture anchor
rod.

STEP THREE— INSERT ANCHOR ROD

IN DRIVE END ASSEMBLY

Because locking dogs are now at inside position, Attach anchor eye nut and the
assembly will hold anchor rod. Screw rod into the threads installation is complete
located in the hub of the anchor helix. Insert rod into drive
end assembly with an upward thrust.

STEP FOUR—LOCKING ANCHOR IN PLACE

NOTE: Always refer to the actual supplied tooling instructions before
With strong upward motion, lock anchor into wrench. any installation as conditions may require a modification in
Locking dogs, properly closed to inside position, will hold practiced methods.
anchor rod in wrench.
B-44
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
TYPE SS SQUARE SHAFT AND TYPE RR
ROUND ROD ANCHORS
TYPE SS ANCHORS TYPE RR ANCHORS
For transmission guy loads, 31⁄2, For distribution and transmission
ANCHOR
5, 7 and 10 foot extensions are guy loads. 31⁄2, 5, 7 and 10 foot
APPLICATIONS used. extensions are used.

INSTALL IN Classes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (200-750 Classes 5, 6 and 7 (100-400 inch-

THESE inch-pound with soil test probe) pounds with soil test probe)
CLASS SOILS

INSTALLING Power digger and wrench as- Power digger and wrench as-
EQUIPMENT sembly (see page B-30) sembly (see page B-30)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Not normally recommended for Not recommended for use be-
ON USE depths beyond 35 feet. Maxi- yond 35 feet. Maximum installa-
mum installation torgue is 5500 tion torque is 2300 foot-pound.
foot-pound.

INSTALLATION GUIDE ameter of the largest helix.

Once all safety concerns have A minimal installation depth of three
been addressed, attach the times the diameter of the largest he-
Kelly bar adapter and installing lix (below the freeze/thaw line) is re-
tool assembly to the Kelly bar quired. This depth should equal or
on the installing truck. exceed five times the diameter of the
largest helix from the top surface of
Insert the upper end of the an- the soil vertically.
chors’ lead section into the in-
stalling tool. Position the anchor If this cannot be achieved (while still
at the desired guy location and maintaining an adequate safety mar-
at a near vertical position; screw gin below the anchor's minimum ulti-
the first helix into the ground. mate torsional strength of 5,500 ft.-
lb., the anchor should be removed
When the first helix is buried, and replaced with an anchor having
begin to make the angular ad- smaller or fewer helices. The replace-
justment for the desired guying ment anchor should be installed at
angle. least 5 feet from the first installation
Remember, final angular ad- site.
justments should be made be- Although SS anchors can be installed
fore the second helix penetrates over 100 feet deep, one should al-
the ground. ways consider the economics of us-
When the installing tool be- ing a shallower anchor with more or
comes 12"-18" from the ground, larger helices or extensions with he-
disconnect it from the section lices.
in the ground and reconnect it If the desired protrusion from the
to the next extension. ground cannot be achieved without
Align the extension with the sec- exceeding the rated torque, the last
tion in the ground and bolt them extension may be replaced with a
together. (Make certain that the shorter extension by excavation along
bolt and nut are securely tight- the rod to the coupling bolt, but never
ened.) by unscrewing the anchor.
Continue to drive the anchor When the anchor reaches the desired
and add extensions until the setting the guy adapter is attached
desired torque is reached and using the same attachment method
maintained for a minimum of as the extensions.
three feet or three times the di-

B-45
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
NO-WRENCH ANCHORS
STEP #1 (POWER DIGGER)
For distribution guy loads. Ex-
ANCHOR
tensions available.
APPLICATIONS Kelly bar

INSTALL IN Classes 5, 6 and 7 (100-300

THESE inch-pound with the soil test Kelly bar adapter

CLASS SOILS probe)

Attach the appropriate Kelly bar adapter to the
Install by hand using a turning digger's Kelly bar (output shaft).
INSTALLING bar or a power digger. Using a STEP #2 (POWER DIGGER)
EQUIPMENT digger, adapter and installing tool
REQUIRED is required. (see page B-30) No Wrench Power
Installation Tool

LIMITATIONS Can only be installed in relatively

soft soils. Maximum installing
ON USE
torque 2300 foot pounds.
Bolt the no-wrench power installation tool to the
Kelly bar adapter.

INSTALLATION GUIDE:
STEP #1 (BY HAND)

STEP #3
(POWER DIGGER)

Remove the appropriate pins in the No-Wrench anchor installation

tool. Insert anchor rod eye into the tool and re-pin to the appropri-
ate settings.

STEP #4 (POWER DIGGER)

Insert turning bar into the opening of the forged eye on the rod and
screw anchor into ground.

NOTE: For harder soils, a small, shallow pilot hole dug with a shovel
may be required to get anchor started.

Start driving the anchor at a near vertical position. Once the anchor's
helix is below ground, retract the boom to the correct guy angle.

NOTE: When installation is complete, make certain that the eye of the
anchor is in the correct position for guying before removing
the installation tool from the anchor.

B-46
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
CORROSION RESISTANT DISK ANCHORS
STEP #3
For alkali, acid and soils with
ANCHOR Method A Method B
electrolyte combinations.
APPLICATIONS
Trench
INSTALL IN Classes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (100-600 Trench

THESE inch-pound with the soil test

CLASS SOILS probe) Trench
Cut a rod trench with a trenching tool or a small
auger.
INSTALLING Power digger, rod trenching tool, NOTE: Trench should be narrow to avoid
disturbing soil.
EQUIPMENT shovel and tamping bar.
STEP #4
REQUIRED
Assemble the components
making sure that the curved Galvanized
surface of the washer is Asphalt
LIMITATIONS Necessity of undercutting hole against the curved surface of Coated
Anchor
ON USE limits anchor depth. Rod trench the anchor and the flat side Rod
of the washer is against the
should not be large or hold ca- flat surface of the nut.
Short Piece of
Heat Shrink at
Care should be taken
pacity will be reduced. Both an- not to damage the
Top of Rod

Round Plastic Tube

chor hole and rod trench must be plastic tube on
the rod.
backfilled and tamped.
Curved
Washer Disk Anchor
Surface
INSTALLATION GUIDE:
Flat
STEP #1 Washer
Surface

Method A Method B
Insulating Washer

Forged Nut

STEP #5
Method A Method B

Drill a vertical hole or angled hole.

Install anchor in hole so rod is aligned within ± 10 degrees of the guy

STEP #2 so that strength of the installation is not reduced.

STEP #6
Method A Method B
Method A Method B

Undercut

Backfill and Tamp Backfill and Tamp

Undercut the hole so that the anchor plate can be installed at a right Thoroughly backfill and tamp the anchor hole and rod trench.
angle to the guy.

B-47
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
EXPANDING 8-WAY ANCHORS
STEP #2
For distribution guying. Use to
ANCHOR
depths of 12 feet.
APPLICATIONS

INSTALL IN Classes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (100-600

THESE inch-pound with the soil test
CLASS SOILS probe)

Hand or power auger. Expand-

INSTALLING ing and tamping bar or mechani-
EQUIPMENT cal tamper and shovel. (See page
REQUIRED B-33) Attach rod to anchor and lower the
assembly into the hole.

STEP #3
LIMITATIONS Depends on backfill effective-
ness. Difficult to tamp in wet or
ON USE
plastic soil after rain. Seeping
ground water can cut holding
capacity 50 percent.

INSTALLATION GUIDE:
STEP #1
Expand the anchor with the expanding bar
by striking the top plate.

NOTE: The expanding bar should be

rotated around the anchor during
the busting process.

STEP #4

The hole should be drilled at a 45° to 60° angle in line with the guy.

NOTE: Hole size should be slightly larger than the unexpanded

anchor. See chart on page B-17. Backfill and tamp hole.

B-48
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
CROSS PLATE ANCHORS
STEP #3
For medium and heavy trans-
ANCHOR
mission guying. Installed in ma-
APPLICATIONS chine bored holes. Load-based
on using a 400 square inch an-
chor to a 24" hole.
Trench
INSTALL IN Classes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (100-600
inch-pound with the soil test
THESE
probe)
CLASS SOILS

INSTALLING Power digger, rod trenching tool, Trench

EQUIPMENT shovel and tamping bar. Cut a rod trench with a trenching tool or a small
REQUIRED auger.

NOTE: Trench should be narrow to avoid

Necessity of undercutting hole disturbing soil.
LIMITATIONS limits anchor depth. Rod trench STEP #4
ON USE should not be large or holding
capacity will be reduced. Both
anchor hole and rod trench must
be backfilled and tamped.

INSTALLATION GUIDE:
STEP #1
Assemble rod to anchor and install the anchor inside the hole so
that the rod is aligned within ± 10° of the guy.

NOTE: Improper alignment may reduce holding capacity.

STEP #5

Drill a vertical or angled hole.

STEP #2

Undercut

Thoroughly backfill and tamp the anchor hole and rod trench.

Undercut the hole so that the anchor plate can be installed at a right
angle to the guy.

B-49
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
EXPANDING POLE KEY ANCHOR
STEP #2
For reinforcing poles at the
ANCHOR
ground line where load is unbal-
APPLICATIONS anced in soft soils or in areas
subjected to constant high winds.

INSTALL IN
Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6 (200-600
THESE
inch-pound with soil test probe)
CLASS SOILS

INSTALLING Extra anchor rod, expanding bar

EQUIPMENT and shovel. (See page B-33)
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS Will not take the place of guying

ON USE on a heavily-loaded structure.
Attach anchor to rod. Lower anchor assembly
into pole hole (beside the butt of pole) and bust
anchor open with the Expanding/Tamping bar.
INSTALLATION GUIDE:
STEP #1 STEP #3

Straighten the pole. Remove rod from anchor and hole. Backfill and tamp hole.

NOTE: If desired, a second pole key anchor may be used at the top (ground level) of the hole on the opposite side of the pole.

B-50
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
EXPANDING ROCK ANCHORS
STEP #2
For medium-duty guying where
ANCHOR
poles are in or near rocky areas.
APPLICATIONS

INSTALL IN
THESE Classes 0 and 1.
CLASS SOILS

INSTALLING Hand or power drill and turning

EQUIPMENT bar.
REQUIRED

LIMITATIONS In extremely soft rock, it may be

ON USE necessary to use grouting to Push the anchor assembly down inside the
avoid rock crumbling which would hole.

affect holding capacity. Drilling

can be a tedious job in some
rock types.

INSTALLATION GUIDE:
STEP #1 STEP #3

Drill the hole by hand or with a power tool Turn the rod until the anchor is expanded tight against the sides of the
hole. Backfill and tamp hole.
NOTE: Hole size is determined by the size of anchor used. Refer to the
chart on Catalog Page B-21.

B-51
 APPLICATION/INSTALLATION
BUMPER POST ANCHORS
Step #1: Assemble the drive tool to
ANCHOR Serves as instant ground protec-
the correct Kelly bar
tion for transformers, switchgear,
APPLICATIONS adapter, using the six 1⁄2
guys and streetlights. inch diameter grade 5
bolts supplied with the
Commonly installed through tool.
INSTALL IN black top.
THESE Step #2: Attach the drive tool
assembly to the power
CLASS SOILS diggers Kelly bar, using
Power digger and wrench as- the supplied Kelly bar
INSTALLING sembly. (See page B-22 for re- adapter’s bent arm pin.
EQUIPMENT quired installing tools)
Step #3: Stand the bumper post
REQUIRED upright and slide it into the
dive tool assembly.
LIMITATIONS Maximum installing torque 8,000
foot pounds. Step #4: Raise the Kelly bar until
ON USE
the bumper post swings
free of the ground and
maneuver the assembly to
the marked installation
location.

Step #5: Lower the Kelly bar until

the point of the bumper
post sticks into the
ground’s surface.

Step #6: Plumb the bumper post to

ensure a straight installa-
tion.

Step #7: Apply down pressure on

the bumper post and
rotate it in a clockwise
direction.

Step #8: When the helix has pen-

etrated approximately 1-
foot, replumb the post.

Step #9: After the desired depth is

reached, disconnect the
bumper post from the drive
tool assembly and cap.

B-52
 HOW TO SOLVE ANCHOR PROBLEMS
is designed so the wrench, when
properly engaged, bridges the
hollow section of the anchor shaft
Know what to look for preventing it from having to carry
any significant torsional load. If
the wrench does not engage the
anchor shaft sufficiently to bridge
its hollow section, that section
D uring the rare time you do
have a problem installing power-
observe the fracture surface. This
is usually quite easily done; just
becomes the weak link in the
system and fracture will occur well
installed screw anchors (PISA® ) withdraw the anchor rod, and you below the anchor's rated torsional
you can turn the bad experience should find the top part of the strength. To avoid a recurrence,
into a benefit that will help you anchor shaft still attached. you may use the same type and
avoid similar troubles in the size anchor, but be sure to screw
If the fracture surface intersects
future. The secret is analyzing rods all the way into the anchor
the drilled hole in the shaft (see
exactly what happened when you and couplings; lock the anchor
below left), insufficient wrench
encounter a problem. Look at assembly into the wrench with the
engagement was the problem.
tooling or for anchor damage locking dogs; and follow the anchor
caused during the installation. The The PISA® anchor/wrench system during installation maintaining
damage can tell you a great deal proper down pressure at all times.
about what went wrong, so the
improper action can be avoided in
the future.
One of the most common problems,
particularly with PISA® anchors, is
an anchor shaft fracture during
installation. Because driving effort
is transmitted from the anchor
installing wrench to the anchor
helix via the anchor shaft, if shaft
stress exceeds the shaft's ultimate
strength, the anchor shaft will
fracture.
Fractures are not pleasant occur-
rences, but they tell you a great
deal about what happened, and
what you need to do to prevent it
from happening again. If you
experience a fracture, recover at
least part of the anchor shaft and

B-53
Fracture problems can occur with In the absence of engagement neous material (shaft parent
the Square Shaft (SS) anchor if the problems, the appearance of the metal, weld filler metal, helix
anchor shaft is not pinned into the shaft fracture surface is not of parent metal, zones of intermixing,
wrench, couplings are not properly much significance. and heat-affected zone).
bolted up, or they are subjected to
gross misalignment. Such mis- End restraint effects from wrench
alignment might be caused by engagement and bending moments
leading off after encountering a resulting from failure to maintain
hard stratum at an oblique angle alignment or the anchor's striking
or obstructions in the ground. obstructions in the ground may also
affect the stress conditions. The
In either of the first two cases, the result is that the stress conditions
shaft tends to work its way out of causing fracture are triaxial, not
the wrench or coupling. Once it torsional and Type A fractures are
gets far enough out that the drilled neither unusual nor indicative of
section is loaded torsionally, it will brittle material.
break well below its rated strength
(see below)

In the third case,

the bending
moments at the
joints cause
gradual "belling
out" of the cou-
pling (see below)
again leading to
torsional loading of the
drilled section and failure below
rating. In all cases, the fracture
Type A Type B
surface will intersect the
drilled hole. In the latter It has been claimed that a helical-
two cases, failure will end wrench which engages the
usually occur below anchor shaft along the upper helix
the ground line surface increases the torsional
and only capacity of the anchor by forcing it
visual into a Type A fracture which
inspection of naturally has a larger fracture
the coupling surface area than a Type B frac-
will show the The fractures shown (above right)
ture. Actually, such wrenches offer
difference. To are typical for solid shafts anchors little practical advantage because
avoid recurrence, like the SS (above). Contrary to most of the time they merely force
make sure that the coupling bolt common belief, there is no practical
anchors to fracture the way they
goes through both coupling and difference in these two types of would have done anyway.
shaft, rather than passing above fractures; more specifically, the
the shaft end. Pin the top shaft Type A fracture (the above right)
If you are able to rule out wrench
into the wrench during installa- is not necessarily indicative of engagement problems, there are
tion, and avoid misalignment along brittle shaft material. In fact, we still a couple of possibilities left. If
the anchor shaft or between anchor have never seen such a fracture
the anchor seems to be encounter-
and Kelly bar. that was due to brittle shaft ing obstructions, or the operator
material. It is true that, for pure does not seem to maintain align-
If a hard stratum at an oblique torsion, the Type A fracture would
ment, impact loading or excessive
angle to the anchor's path is the be typical for a brittle material bending moments may cause the
problem, change the anchor batter while a Type B fracture (above anchor to fracture at reduced
so that the angle is closer to 90 right) would be typical for a ductile
torque. Try the same type and size
degrees if possible, or stop down material. anchor again but with slower
pressuring the anchor as it reaches rotation speed and additional
the stratum and allow it to auger a However, without engagement operator care. If on the other hand
"pocket" which will counteract the problems, virtually all shafts the soil seems homogeneous and
tendency to lead off. In obstruction- fracture close to a helix where the alignment is maintained
laden soil, be prepared to remove stress conditions in such areas properly, try a smaller or higher-
the anchor, move over, and try include the non-axisymmetric strength anchor. Remember that
again if the anchor starts leading structure (helix projecting from one installation torque is an
off. side of shaft) and non-homoge- ➠
B-54
indication of soil strength, You might try again, using
so if the torque is higher extra care to maintain just
than expected, the soil enough down pressure to
must be stronger than keep it penetrating. If you
expected and a smaller fail again, try an anchor
anchor should develop the with smaller or stronger
load. (i.e., thicker or higher-
strength material) helices.
Another problem some- Or, consider Chance
times encountered is TOUGH ONE® anchors.
anchor "spinout", or rota- They're designed for
tion without axial penetra- difficult soils.
tion. As an anchor is
rotated in the soil, the Also remember it's in these
inclined plane of each helix obstruction-laden soils that
works against the soil the curvilinear leading
producing a thrust which edge really shines thanks
tends to move it axially. to its tendency to guide the
Under perfect conditions, it anchor around obstruc-
will advance one pitch tions without hanging up
length per revolution and and its greater resistance
soil disturbance will be to bending. So if you're
minimal. If the anchor using anchors with
advances more or less than straight leading edges and
one pitch per revolution, a curvilinear equivalent is
something has to give. available, try it.
Either the soil gets churned
(likely), or the helix gets Even if the operator
bent or torn off (not so maintains good control of
likely). crowd, keeping the anchor
advancing at one pitch
Spinout can result from length per revolution,
several different conditions unforeseen soil conditions
requiring different correc- can still lead to spinout.
tive actions. You'll have to The installation may be
rely on observations of in- progressing nicely with
stallation conditions and little or no down pressure
anchor damage to guide required when the anchor
you. Take the easy case can unexpectedly encoun-
first. ter a hard stratum or even
a large rock or other
If the operator fails to obstacle and the resistance
follow the anchor so that to penetration shoots up
the digger holds back on the over. Either way, the next step is becoming greater than the com-
anchor instead of leading it, the to move over a few feet and try bined crowd and thrust. The
anchor may be unable to advance again, being sure to maintain anchor may spin out before the
at the proper rate. The soil loses crowd this time. operator can react and then refuse
strength due to the resultant to start advancing again.
churning and becomes unable to Unfortunately maintaining down
work effectively against the helical pressure is not a cure all. In glacial In such cases you can usually
plate. Because neither the soil nor tills and other obstruction-laden retrieve the anchor. Look for
the digger is now providing the soils, too much crowd can cause abrasion or gouging on lower
thrust, the anchor ceases to pen- spinout. An anchor should be surfaces to confirm the problem,
etrate. If you're lucky, simply allowed to work its way through then move over and try again.
applying down pressure to the such soils with minimal down This time be prepared to apply
anchor will get it started again. pressure. If you try to force it heavy down pressure on the anchor
Sometimes, however, the undis- through, chances are fairly good at the first sign of extra resistance.
turbed soil below the anchor is so that the helix leading edge will get If it still doesn't go, try using more,
strong that the down pressure is bent (destroying its helical form smaller helices or, if the problem
not enough to restart the anchor. It and the attendant thrust) or torn area isn't too thick, predrilling
may be that you can back the off. You may or may not be able to through it. In the latter case, be
anchor out because the soil above it retrieve the anchor, depending on sure the upper helix is driven at
will be weaker. If not, all you can how badly it is damaged, but you least five times its diameter deeper
do is abandon the anchor and start will have to replace it regardless. than you predrilled.

B-55
Yet another way an installation
attempt may fail is refusal where
the torque required for continued
penetration exceeds the capacity of
the digger, but not that of the
anchor. In such cases everything
comes to a halt. As with the previ-
ous cases, there is not a single,
universal fix for this circumstance.
The next step depends on the
torque at refusal, whether higher
torque is available (by bringing in
another machine for instance), the
depth at refusal, possible soil
stratification, and anchor availabil-
ity.

Again, take the easy case first. If

the top helix is at least five diam-
eters (that is, a distance equal to
five times its own diameter) below
the ground surface, three diam-
eters into the current soil stratum,
and three diameters below the
level of seasonal change in soil
properties, and the installation
torque was above the minimum
required to achieve the desired
load capacity during the final three
diameters of penetration, consider
leaving well enough alone Operator and groundman working
Again, if you do predrill, be sure to
even though the rod or shaft may together are critical to a successful drive the top helix at least five
be sticking further out of the anchor installation. diameters below the predrilled
ground than desired. Replacing the Pisa 4® anchor shown below. depth.
top rod or shaft section, even if it
requires some digging, may be If the soil contains obstructions, it
better than the other alternatives. is possible that the anchor just got
"hung up" on something. Often it
If on the other hand, the installa- is possible to back up and then
tion does not meet all of the above work your way past the obstruc-
criteria, things can get pretty tion. In this case, as in the previ-
sticky. If the torque you attained ous one of anchor breakage, it is
was 75% or less of the anchor's better to use more, smaller helices
torque rating, bringing in higher- than fewer, larger ones, and a
torque equipment is worth consid- curved leading edge on the anchor
ering. Otherwise you run the risk can be very useful.
of bringing in the new equipment
and getting another foot or two of If none of the previous suggestions
penetration, then having to shut does the trick, contact your
down to keep from over-torquing Chance anchor man. In some
the anchor. limited situations he may be able
to recommend a larger anchor
If bringing in a higher-torque which can develop the required
machine is not feasible, consider load capacity at a lower torque.
predrilling. Particularly on round- Otherwise, he will help you select
shaft anchors, predrilling a hole an alternate type of anchor for the
slightly larger than the shaft size job.
can significantly reduce installa-
tion torque with little affect on Even if you manage to get past all
axial capacity. This approach is not the previously mentioned pitfalls,
as useful with anchors subjected to there is still more criterion for
lateral loads, however, because success. The anchor has to hold
lateral capacity and stiffness may the load you designed it for.
be reduced. ➠
B-56
Installation torque can be With PISA® anchors, the rod
an excellent indication of is often the weak link.
anchor load capacity, if Failure may occur by frac-
you follow the rules. ture, thread stripping, or, if
Otherwise, it can be the application is controlled
misleading. Basically, it is by deflection, rod yield. If a
an indication of the effort stronger rod is available, use
necessary to compress and it. If not, consider using an
shear the soil around the SS anchor.
anchor to allow penetra-
tion. With SS anchors, the weak
link is normally the coupling
Load capacity, of course, is bolt, although one does
also a measure of the occasionally see the shaft
effort necessary to com- split on its axis between the
press and shear the soil, hole and the end if the bolt
so it should come as no strength happens to be
surprise that the former significantly above mini-
can be used to predict the mum.
latter. One major differ-
ence between the two Soil failure can be cured by
which must be taken into ac- An anchor may fail to hold a given using more or larger helices to
count, though, is that only the soil load for one of two reasons: Either spread the load out over a larger
in the immediate vicinity of the the anchor fails structurally or the volume of soil. Soil failure and
helices affects their installation soil fails around it. Sometimes an helix bending usually give the
torque, while their load capacity anchor failure is accompanied by a same indications at the surface, so
is affected by a much larger sudden movement of the shaft or it becomes necessary to recover the
volume of soil located either rod and/or some audible indication. anchor and observe the helices to
above, for tension anchors, or Other times it is not. Soil failures differentiate between them.
below, for compression anchors. on the other hand, are usually However, it may not be possible to
This is why we recommend that recognizable by gradual movement unscrew the anchor in such cases
installation torque values over of the shaft and absence of any because the disturbed soil or bent
the final three diameters of audible indication (one exception helix cannot generate the neces-
penetration be averaged to being soil failure when the upper sary axial thrust. In such cases,
determine load capacity. If only helix is less than three diameters use an anchor with more helices
the final torque is used, a tension deep, which is usually character- because this will cure either
anchor which has just passed ized by eruption of the soil at the problem.
from a softer layer to a harder one surface).
will be overestimated because the Remember, our experience indi-
softer soil above will not affect the One structural failure mode which cates that 95 out of 100 Chance
helices torque but will affect their occurs occasionally is bending of screw anchors are smoothly and
load capacity. Averaging torque is the helix under tension of compres- successfully installed. The tech-
also important for compression sion loading. When this occurs, the niques we've shared with you can
anchors, but because compression answer is to use anchors with more help you diagnose and solve any
capacity is affected by soil which helices to share the load or stron- anchoring problems that you
lies below the anchor and has not ger ones to withstand the high encounter and move you closer to
had the opportunity to affect stresses. the goal of a successful anchor
installation torque, unexpected installation.
results may still come.

B-57
 TOOLS MAINTENANCE
screws for wear and replace if
Anchor tools require necessary. Torque cap screws to
minimum of 60 ft.-lbs. All output
string bolts used in the drive-train
regular upkeep system should be checked for
tightness. Loose or damaged bolts
may fail at or below the anchor's
torque rating and contribute to
damage elsewhere within the tool
A s with most mechanical de-
vices, Chance anchor-installing
assembly.

tools periodically require mainte-

nance checks to assure peak perfor-
mance.

TORQUE INDICATOR
In the case of the Shear-Pin Torque
Limiter, (see drawing below or
photograph at right) you should be
able to rotate the tool shear halves
independently from one another
using a smooth-turning action. If
rotation cannot be made by hand or
if movement is rough, disassemble
to check the thrust bearing, wash-
ers and pin for wear.
If the halves are dull, they need to
be sharpened by surface grinding. A
local machine shop can perform this
service. When reassembling the
indicator, coat thrust-bearing pin,
washers and shear surface with
grease.
Secure top shear half to the lower
half by tightening the center bolt
When a torque indicator is used in the
snugly. Back off one roll-pin slot wrench system, it is positioned
and lock with roll pins. Check cap between the Kelly bar adapter and
locking dog assembly.

Chance mechanical torque indicator

uses no shear pins.

B-58
 Locking Dog
Housing Another portion of the Locking-Dog
KELLY Assembly needing careful inspec-
BAR
tion is the square socket where the
COIL LOCK
wrench drive tube is inserted (see
KELLY BAR photograph below). The socket can
ADAPTER
become worn from long-term use
FLANGE
Dog and/or poor wrench drive-tube
FLANGE BOLT
LOCKING HOLES alignment. Under such circum-
DOG ASSEMBLY stances, the drive-tool end can
become damaged. By monitoring
SET SCREWS the 11⁄8" holes located at the top of
the wrench-drive tube for wear, you
SQUARE
SOCKET
can detect square socket wear that
1/2" x 5/8" 1/2" x 3/8" is beginning to damage the wrench.
11/4" Set Screw Set Screw Drive tube wear at the 11⁄8" holes
WRENCH
DRIVE-TUBE
shows the Locking-Dog Assembly is
HOLES picking up torsional load on the
If locking dogs do not rotate wrench-drive wall inside the holes.
smoothly or engage easily into the Such wear indicates you need a new
“in” and “out” positions, wrench and Locking-Dog Assembly.
rod capture may not be correct.
Under such circumstances, if dogs
are worn or damaged, order new
LOCKING-DOG ASSEMBLY ones from Chance.
The Chance Locking-Dog Assembly When inspecting the Locking-Dog
is another mechanical-anchor Assembly, check to see (above) the
installing device that needs periodic set screws holding the two-dog
inspection. assemblies are in position. There
are two. One below each “dog.” The
When the Locking-Dog Assembly is innermost set screw is 1⁄2" x 5⁄8". The
correctly positioned and in good Notice square socket wear on the
outermost screw is 1⁄2" x 3⁄8".
working order, it performs smoothly Locking-Dog Assembly in the photo-
and freely ensuring complete and graph below.
positive capture of the anchor-
installing wrench drive tube and
anchor rod.

WORN NEW

Figure 3

B-59
 bar adapter to Kelly bar. Retaining
Photo 2 shows drive Pins are now included with all new
tube damage resulting Kelly bar adapters, square-shaft
from poor wrench anchors and bumper-post installing
alignment during tools.
installation of anchors.
Before any anchor installation,
Photo 3 shows an always check output bolts to ensure
undamaged drive tube. they are tight. Lost or damaged
bolts can cause failure at or below
the anchor torque rating or contrib-
ute to damage elsewhere on the
output string. Check all tools and
parts for wear or damage and
replace as necessary.
Photo 2 Photo 3

KELLY-BAR ADAPTER the Kelly bar will tend to round out

the hex socket of the Kelly bar
When ordering tooling for a new adapter. In this case, the pin
truck, the Kelly bar should be holding the Kelly bar adapter to the
measured across the flats (see Kelly bar will begin to take up load
Figure 3 on pg. B-53) to establish and elongate the hole. This will
the proper size between the truck eventually split-out the top of the
Kelly bar and Chance Kelly-Bar Kelly bar adapter (see photograph
Adapter. below).

Chance number P630012HD Kelly- RETAINING PIN

bar adapter has a 25⁄8" hex inside
diameter. This particular adapter is The Chance Retaining Pin (right)
often confused with a P630011HD holds the Kelly bar adapter to the
Adapter with 21⁄2" hex. If a Kelly bar with a loose fit so the
P630012HD is used on a 21⁄2" hex, Retaining Pin will not take up load.
The Pin consists of a bent arm and
klik pin. This gives a positive
connection at both ends of the pin to
protect operators from accidental
pin ejection due to drive-train
torsional forces. Chance has a
complete line of retaining pins to
replace bolts previously used to
secure tooling to anchor and Kelly SUMMARY
During anchor installations main-
tain adequate down pressure and
keep anchor-drive wrench in align-
ment with anchor to prevent
uneven wear or damage to the tool.
Misalignment puts an extremely
high stress on the end of the wrench
where the wrench fits over the
anchor. This can possibly cause the
drive tube to split on the end.

Check all tools and parts for wear

or damage and replace as neces-
Abused Kelly bar adapter hole elonga-
sary. Order replacement parts from
tion caused by the retaining pin
Chance. Properly used and with
picking up torsional load from the
minimal service requirements,
Kelly bar. This is an indication the hex Unused Kelly Bar Adapter
Chance tools will give extended
shape of the Kelly bar adapter is being
service.
rounded off.

B-60
 ANCHOR TOOLING
Safe, dependable

W ith the horsepower race for

installing trucks and Power-
cause utilities desire to install
power anchors in harder soils, the
Installed Screw Anchors (PISA®) trend toward heftier anchors and
increasing with each passing stronger tooling will continue.
decade, anchor installing tools Digger trucks with 20,000 ft.- lb.
remain a very important part of of torque capability are not
the successful anchoring equation. uncommon today.
Without the tools to handle the
increased torque loads delivered
by today’s diggers, power-installed
anchoring will literally grind to a Mechanical torque indicator posi-
halt. tioned between Kelly bar adapter
Chance introduced the first PISA® and locking dog assembly.
anchor along with the tooling to
install it in 1959. This 4,000 ft.-lb.
(PISA® 4) anchor was followed by
Chance 5,000 and 7,000 ft.-lb.
anchors. The tempo of the anchor
race to keep up with the increased
capability of diggers and the
demand of utilities to anchor in
harder soils served as the catalyst
for the 1980 Chance introduction
of the 10,000 ft.-lb. hollow-hub
SQUARE ONE® anchor.
For the decade of the ’80s, the
SQUARE ONE® anchor enabled
utilities to anchor in soils they
could only dream about penetrat-
ing with power-installed screw
anchors during the previous
decade. With digger torque
capabilities continuing to increase,
Chance introduced the 8,000 and
15,000 ft.-lb. TOUGH ONE® anchors
with high-strength tooling in 1990.
A unique and proprietary steel-
casting process made TOUGH ONE®
anchors possible.
Because the installed cost of PISA®
anchors is substantially lower
than “buried” anchors, and be-

B-61
 BOLT SHEAR STRESS vs. INSTALLATION TORQUE
10,000 FT. -LB. TOOLING
5-1/4 INCH BOLT CIRCLE

Bolt Shear Stress (PSI)

60,000
Minimum Yield in Shear Note: The shear strength
55,000 for Grade 5 Bolt
for a Grade 5 bolt (52,400
psi) is reduced under the
50,000 following conditions:
45,000
• Bent tooling
40,000
• Cycle fatigue
35,000
9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 • Loose nuts
INSTALLATION TORQUE (FT.-LBS.)
Based on SAE J429 Gr. 5 1/2" Bolts • Shock loading

BOLT SHEAR STRESS vs. INSTALLATION TORQUE

15,000 FT. -LB. TOOLING
7-5/8 INCH BOLT CIRCLE

Bolt Shear Stress (PSI)

50,000
Minimum Yield in Shear
40,000 for Grade 2 Bolt

30,000
6-Bolt Pattern
20,000
12-Bolt Pattern
10,000

0
11,000 12,000 13,000 12,000 15,000 16,000

INSTALLATION TORQUE (FT.-LBS.)

Based on SAE J429 Gr. 2 5/8" Bolts

High-strength Kelly bar adapter. Standard-strength Kelly bar adapter.

Socket lengths 7 - 81/8". Socket lengths 3 1⁄2 - 8 1⁄8".

B-62
 Kelly Bar Adapter

Kelly bar adapter and locking dog

assembly secured to the digger
Kelly bar. Drive wrench is inserted
into the locking dog assembly.

High-Strength Tooling
Because of the forces impacting the The Kelly bar adapter and locking
tooling used to install high-strength dog assemblies both have 75/8" bolt
PISA® anchors during installation, we circles. This compares to 51/4"
have added features to ensure good circles on moderate-strength
performance and enhance safety. tooling. The larger circles put less
stress on bolts during installation.
Locking Dog Assembly

5 1⁄4"

This helps allow installing torque

to reach 15,000 ft.-lb. during
demanding installations. If the
bolts used to connect the Kelly bar
5 1⁄4" Bolt Circle on Standard-
Strength Tooling (10,000 ft. lb.) adapter to the torque indicator or
locking dog assembly are over-
7 5⁄8" torqued, bolts can shear.

Our high-strength PISA® tooling

has longer sockets on the Kelly bar
adapters and locking-dog assem-
blies. This results in less wrench
wobble during installation and
reduces stress on bolts.

7 5⁄8" Bolt Circle on High- High-strength Kelly bar adapter

Strength Tooling (15,000 ft. lb.) and locking-dog assemblies are
thicker and heavier to give added
strength. The anchor-drive wrench
is also thicker to give added
Anchor tooling should not be fatigue life and increased torque
torqued above its rating. Bolts strength.
should be regularly checked
for tightness and wear.

B-63
Proper Maintenance and Lost or damaged bolts can cause output string, also check the set
Use of Tooling failure at or below the anchor screws of the locking-dog assem-
torque rating or contribute to bly. The two set screws (see below
Anchor installing tools require damage elsewhere on the output left) hold the two-dog assemblies
regular upkeep. All output string string. in position. There is a screw below
bolts used in the drive-train each “dog.”
system should be checked for Tools and parts should always be
tightness. Loose or damaged bolts checked for wear or damage and During anchor installation, keep
may fail at or below the anchor's parts should be replaced as neces- anchor-drive wrench in alignment
torque rating and contribute to sary. Replacement parts should be with anchor to prevent uneven
damage elsewhere within the tool ordered from Chance. wear or damage to the tool. Mis-
assembly. alignment puts extremely high
While checking all bolts of the tool stress on the end of the wrench
where the wrench fits over the
anchor. This can possibly cause
the drive tube to split on the end.
Locking Dog
Housing
KELLY
BAR

LOCKING
DOG ASSEMBLY
Dog

WRENCH
DRIVE-TUBE

1/2" x 5/8" Set Screw 1/2" x 3/8" Set Screw

In the middle position, the locking

SET SCREW HOLE dogs hold the wrench drive tube. In
ANGLED FACE OF DOG POINTING the inside position, the locking dogs
AND COUNTER-
TOWARD SOCKET END OF CASTING hold the anchor rod and drive tube.
SINK LINED UP
SET SCREW COUNTERSINK
DOG

DOG HOUSING

Locking dog assembly components.

B-64
 ANCHOR INSTALLING TOOL SAFETY
Use proper tooling
D uring the installation of power-
installed screw anchors (PISA®), it
The locking dog assembly and Kelly
bar adapter of the high-strength
strength tooling puts less stress on
bolts and, in conjunction with the
is essential to use installing tools wrench assembly use a 75/8" bolt larger bolts that are used, allows
and anchors that are properly rated circle with 5/8" Grade 2 bolts com- installing torques to reach 15,000
for your trucks. Because of the high pared to the 51/4" bolt circle with 1/2" ft.-lb. during demanding installa-
torque energy used in installing Grade 5 bolts used on standard- tions.
high-strength anchors with the new strength 10,000 ft.-lb. tooling. The
generation of trucks, the control of larger bolt circle used in the high-
hazardous torque depends on
several factors but especially
proper tools.

Use 15,000 ft.-lb. tooling

when torque exceeds
10,000 ft.-lb.
Whenever anchor torque capacity
and digger output capacity exceed
10,000 ft.-lb., use the 15,000 ft.-lb.
Chance Tough One® anchor wrench
assembly (see page B-28). This
high-strength assembly is designed
for today's anchors and installing
trucks.

Chance Mechanical Torque Indicator

Do not use 10,000 and 15,000 ft.-lb.

Recommended Tightening tooling above its rated performance
1/2" Gr. 5 Torques
60 - 75 ft. - lb. strength.
5/8" Gr. 2 76 - 95 ft. - lb.

B-65
High-Strength PISA® tooling has a
longer socket on the Kelly bar
adapter and locking dog assembly. The 15,000 ft.-lb. high-strength wrench
This results in less wrench wobble assembly is on the left. The standard-
during installation and reduces strength 10,000 ft.-lb. wrench is on the right.
stress on bolts. Both products are
thicker and heavier than 10,000 ft.-
lb. rated units, so there's greater
strength. A thicker anchor-drive
wrench gives added fatigue life and
increased torque strength.
If a single installing tool component
fails, the tremendous torsional
energy transmitted by the tooling
can be released violently. This
sudden energy release can cause
personal injury or property dam-
age. That's why it is essential the
proper anchor-installing tools be
used, including not interchanging
the installing tools of different
manufacturers. Whether you use
installing trucks with more than
10,000 or 15,000 ft.-lb. of installing
torque capability, do not exceed
anchor or tool ratings. To do so can
stress the wrench system beyond
its designed safe limit. Installing
anchors beyond the safety limit will
subject the wrench system and the
operators to a hazardous condition.

Chance tools made of true for the drive wrench portion of length under conditions of failure.
ductile material the tool assembly. Chance wrench
Wrench tubes can be processed to
tube design is based on the accu-
make them harder and stronger in
The selection of materials used in mulation of more than 30 years of
an attempt to increase their torque
the manufacture of anchor tooling experience. The steel used to make
rating. However, limitations in
is very important. This is especially wrenches is processed to achieve
wrench cross-section geometry
the right balance of hardness,
make this a potentially dangerous
strength, and toughness
situation because it can cause the
to stand up to the
wrench to fail in a non-ductile or
demanding chore of
brittle manner. Brittle failures are
installing anchors.
dangerous to workers because the
Anchor wrenches can wrench tube can actually fracture
fail by applying torque into pieces and fly outward from
above their rating. The the tool string.
opportunity for this to
Chance wrenches do not have this
occur increases if the
problem. They are processed to
wrench is subjected to
maintain ductility for a safe design.
bending, shock loading
due to rocks, or anchor Over time, all wrench system
breakage. Chance components will wear due to
wrench tubes are continued use. This is normal and
designed to fail in a should be monitored to establish a
ductile manner. In other words, if tool component replacement
Note the difference in size of the the tube fails, it will fail in a schedule.
15,000 ft.-lb. wrench tube on the left
compared to the 10,000 ft.-lb. standard
manner that helps protect workers.
tube on the right. Generally, it will twist along its

B-66
Any worn bolts, pins and coil locks
should be replaced with parts
specified by Chance. We carefully
select retaining pins and fasteners
based on laboratory tests and field
trials. Standard utility construction
hardware is not acceptable for
Chance anchor tool applications.
Using worn or damaged bolts, bent
arm pins and coil locks can cause
wrench system failures even when
the tools are properly used. The
important thing to remember is to
refit tool components when re-
quired with the correct replacement
parts found on pages B-25 through
B-33.

Types of standard tool

stress above 10,000 ft.- lb.
Wrench: Above 10,000 ft.-lb. of
torque, standard Chance Catalog
Number C102-1583 wrench tubes
will generally obtain a permanent
twist along the length of the tube.
However, rocky soil conditions can
result in torque peaks well above
10,000 ft.-lb. This can violently
split open the wrench end. This is
If the bolts used to connect the
especially true if the tool string is
kelly bar adapter to the torque
subjected to bending, or if the indicator or locking dog assembly
anchor being installed suddenly are overtorqued, bolts can shear.
fails.

Bolt Circle: Bolt circle strength is a

function of the diameter of the bolt
circle, the diameter of the bolts, Kelly bar adapter, the hex socket it. All of these potential failure
and the number and type of bolts can be enlarged or “lipped open.” modes apply as well to Chance
used. Above 10,000 ft.-lb., the 51/4" This will cause the bent arm pin high-strength tooling if used above
diameter bolt circle used to attaching the Kelly bar adapter to 15,000 ft.-lb. of torque.
attach standard-strength wrench the Kelly bar to transmit torque,
Chance anchor tooling is perfor-
components is being stressed something it was not designed to
mance rated to provide safe,
beyond its safe limit. If the do. Torque on the pin can cause it
dependable use up to each tool’s
applied torque continues to be to break, release torque energy and
rated torque capacity. As a power-
above 10,000 ft.-lb., the bolts can fly outward from the tool string.
installed screw anchor user, your
fail in shear causing tools to Locking dog adapter sockets will choice is simple. For anchoring up
violently separate as the torque also lip open or warp when the to 15,000 ft.-lb. use Chance high-
energy is released. In addition, the torque exceeds safe limits. This can strength 15,000 ft.-lb. tooling. For
sheared bolts can fly outward from cause many problems, the primary torques below 10,000 ft.-lb., use
the tool string. one being excessive force against Chance standard-strength tooling.
the locking dogs and dog housing.
Adapter Failure: Installing an- Continued use of a damaged
chors above 10,000 ft.-lb. can also locking dog adapter causes the dogs
cause problems with Kelly bar and housing to wear away quickly.
adapters and locking dog assem- A worn locking dog can prema-
blies, especially if the tools are turely release an anchor, and rod
subjected to bending. With the when the operator is not expecting

B-67
 ®

ANCHOR
TOOL

MAINTENANCE
How to detect
and
help prevent
damage to tooling.

Kelly Bar Adapter continued . . .

B-68
 KELLY BAR ADAPTER

Elongation of Kelly bar holes.

Cause • The retaining pin carrying torque due to a worn Kelly bar or a worn or improperly sized Kelly
bar adapter socket.
Action: • Replace the Kelly bar adapter. Make sure the new adapter is the proper size for Kelly bar.
Replace worn Kelly bar.

Wear

Cause: • Piloted Kelly bars.

• Applied torque in excess of rating.
• Worn Kelly bars.
• Normal usage over long period of time or in obstruction-laden soils.
• Side loading or tool misalignment during anchor installation.
Action: • Replace the Kelly bar adapter. Chance now sells only heavy duty Kelly bar adapters which last
longer with piloted Kelly bars.
• Avoid misalignment during anchor installation.
• Replace worn Kelly bar.

Kelly Bar Adapter continued . . .

B-69
 KELLY BAR ADAPTER

Retaining pins & coil locks

Cause: • Normal usage over long period of time.

• Worn Kelly bar or worn or improperly sized Kelly bar adapter or installing tool socket.
• Use of wrong size retaining pin.
Action: • Replace with proper size retaining pin and coil lock.
• Replace worn Kelly bar or Kelly bar adapter or installing tool.

Elongation
of
Flange
Bolt
Holes

Cause: • Applied torque in excess of rating.

• Failure to maintain proper bolt tightening torques.
Action: • Replace the Kelly bar adapter.
• Do not exceed tool's torque rating.
• Keep bolts tightened to recommended torque.

B-70
 LOCKING DOG ASSEMBLY

Square
Socket
Wear

Cause • Normal usage over long time.

• Applied torque in excess of rating.
• Side loading or tool misalignment during anchor installation.
Action: • Replace locking dog assembly (may also be necessary to replace drive tube).
• Do not exceed tool's torque rating.
• Maintain proper alignment during anchor installation.

Elongation
of
Flange
Bolt
Holes

Cause: • Applied torque in excess of rating.

• Failure to maintain proper bolt tightening torques.
Action: • Replace the locking dog assembly.
• Do not exceed tool's torque rating.
• Keep bolts tightened to recommended torque.
Locking Dog Assembly continued . . .

B-71
 LOCKING DOG ASSEMBLY

Locking Dog
Housing

Dog

1/2" x 5/8" Set Screw

Loose
Dogs
1/2" x 3/8"
Cause • Set screws that are loose or missing. Set Screw
Action: • Remove and replace set screws using replacement kit.

CRACKS

Worn/Cracked
Dogs or
Dog Housings
WEAR

Cause • Worn locking dog assembly socket.

• Drive tube wear.
Effect: • Dog assemblies share torsional load.
Action: • Inspect locking dog adapter and wrench tube and replace as necessary.
• If locking dog adapter is ok, replace dog assemblies using replacement kit in catalog.

Locking Dog Assembly continued . . .

B-72
 LOCKING DOG ASSEMBLY

Flange
Bolts

Cause • Wrong grade bolts.

• Applied torque in excess of rating.
• Failure to maintain proper bolt tightening torques.
Action: • Replace with proper size and grade bolts.
• Do not exceed tool's torque rating.
• Keep bolts tightened to recommened torque.

DRIVE TUBE

Elongation
of
Drive
Tube
Holes

Cause: • Worn locking dog assembly socket.

• Worn drive tube.
Action: • Replace drive tube.
• Check locking dog assembly - replace if worn.

B-73
 DRIVE TUBE

Twist

Cause: • Torque in excess of rating.

Action: • Replace drive tube.
• Do not exceed tube's torque rating.

Dog End
of Tube
Twisted Off

Cause • Extremely worn locking dog adapter.

• Insufficient engagement of tube in locking dog adapter.
Action: • Replace drive tube.
• Check locking dog assembly - replace if worn.
• Be sure tube is captured in locking dog adapter by dogs before using.

Split
or
Broken
Drive End

Cause • Torque in excess of rating.

• Inadequate engagement of anchor in tube.
Action: • Replace drive tube.
• Do not exceed tube's torque rating.
• Maintain full engagement with anchor at all times.

B-74