iop

MAGIC MOMENT:

A magic moment I remember:

I raised my eyes and you were there,
A fleeting vision, the quintessence
Of all that's beautiful and rare
I pray to mute despair and anguish,
To vain the pursuits world esteems,
Long did I hear your soothing accents,
Long did your features haunt my dreams.
Time passed. A rebel storm-blast scattered
The reveries that once were mine
And I forgot your soothing accents,
Your features gracefully divine.
In dark days of enforced retirement
I gazed upon grey skies above
With no ideals to inspire me
No one to cry for, live for, love.
Then came a moment of reinessance,
I looked up - you again are there
 A fleeting vision, the quintessence
Of all that's beautiful and rare

OZYMANDIAS:

I met a traveller from an antique land,

Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;
And on the pedestal, these words appear:
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.”

Stories
· What is a theme?
A theme is the main idea or message of a story. It’s what the story is really about, like love,
friendship, or good vs. evil.

· What is characterization?
Characterization is how the author shows who the characters are. This can be through their
actions, what they say, or how they think. It helps us understand and connect with the characters.

· What are structural features?

Structural features are the parts that make up a story. This includes how the plot is organized
(like beginning, middle, and end) and things like chapters or sections.

· Is the narrator the same as the author? Explain your answer.

No, the narrator is not the same as the author. The author writes the story, while the narrator is
the voice that tells it. They can be different; for example, the narrator might have their own
personality or opinions that are not the same as the author's.

GENRE

1. Five differences between prose and drama scripts:

o Look: Prose is written in paragraphs, while drama scripts have character names
and lines.
o Talking: In prose, characters talk within the story, but in drama, their dialogue is
the main focus.
o Details: Prose describes settings and characters in detail; drama scripts use
dialogue and stage directions instead.
o Purpose: Prose is meant to be read, while drama scripts are meant to be acted out
on stage.
o Narrator: Prose often has a narrator telling the story; drama scripts usually don’t
have one.
2. What is a stage direction?
Stage directions are notes in a drama script that tell actors what to do, like how to move
or what emotions to show. They help make the play clear for everyone.
3. Why does the writer need to add more information to prose than to a drama script?
In prose, the writer describes everything since it’s just words on a page. In drama, actors
bring the story to life with their performance, so the script doesn’t need as much detail.

NON FICTION

· What is formal writing?

Formal writing is a serious way of writing. It uses correct grammar and big words. It’s used in
professional or school settings.

· Example of when you might use formal writing:

You would use it for a school essay or a job application.
· What is informal writing?
Informal writing is a casual way of writing. It uses everyday language and can include slang. It’s
more personal and relaxed.

· Example of when you might use informal writing:

You would use it when texting a friend or posting on social media.

GRAMMAR

· What is a minor sentence?

A minor sentence is a short, incomplete sentence that still makes sense, like a phrase or just a
word.

· Example of a minor sentence:

“Good job!” or “At the store.”

· What is a compound-complex sentence?

A compound-complex sentence has two or more complete thoughts (independent clauses) and at
least one incomplete thought (dependent clause).

· What is morphology?
Morphology is the study of how words are made and how they change.

· What is etymology?
Etymology is the study of where words come from and how their meanings change over time.

· What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between two parts of the sentence.

SPELLINGS

1. Downy – covered in fine, soft hair

2. Ocelot – a small wild cat
3. Jacaranda – a tree with blue flowers
4. Precaution - a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or
inconvenient from happening.
5. Conglomeration – a number of different things, parts or items that are grouped together;
collection.

PART 2
POETRY
· What is an iamb?
An iamb is a two-syllable beat: first is soft (unstressed), second is strong (stressed).

· What is a trochee?
A trochee is a two-syllable beat: first is strong (stressed), second is soft (unstressed).

· What is iambic pentameter?

Iambic pentameter is a line with ten syllables, made of five iambs (soft-strong).

· Example of iambic pentameter:

"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" (Shakespeare)

· What metre is tetrameter?

Tetrameter is a line with eight syllables (four beats).

· What is anacrusis?
Anacrusis is an extra soft syllable at the start of a line.

· What is hypercatalexis?
Hypercatalexis is extra syllables at the end of a line.

· Another term for hypercatalexis:

Sometimes called "acatalexis."

· Example of hypercatalexis:
"To be, or not to be: that is the question." (Shakespeare)

a. "On a day, alack a day,"

Metre: Iambic tetrameter (4 beats)

How it works:

 On a (soft)
 day, alack (strong)
 a day (soft)

b. "Bent double like old beggars under sacks,"

Metre: Iambic pentameter (5 beats)

How it works:

 Bent (strong)
  double (soft)
 like old (strong)
 beggars (soft)

c. "She sits in the tawny vapor,"

Metre: Iambic tetrameter (4 beats)

How it works:

 She (soft)
 sits (strong)
 in the (soft)
 tawny (strong)

Summary

 Poem a: 4 beats (tetrameter)

 Poem b: 5 beats (pentameter)
 Poem c: 4 beats (tetrameter)

11. What is a stanza?

A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, like a paragraph.

12. Define enjambment with an example.

Enjambment is when a line of poetry flows into the next line without stopping.

Example:
“I think I had never seen
A verse as lovely as a tree.”

13. Define caesura with an example.

Caesura is a pause in a line of poetry, usually shown with punctuation.

Example:
“To be, or not to be: that is the question.” (Pause after "be")

14. Define end-stopped with an example.

End-stopped means a line ends with a punctuation mark, creating a full stop.
Example:
“The sun sets in the west.” (Ends with a period)

15. Annotations in the stanza:

Stanza:
‘Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!’ An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time.
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And floundering like a man in fire or lime.

 Enjambment:
"But someone still was yelling out and stumbling" (continues to the next line)
 Caesura:
“Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!” (pause after this line)
 End-stopped:
"Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time." (ends with a period)

GRAMMAR

1. Simple Sentence

Definition: One complete idea.

Example:
"The cat sleeps."

2. Compound Sentence

Definition: Two complete ideas joined by a conjunction.

Example:
"I like pizza, and I like pasta."

3. Complex Sentence

Definition: One complete idea and one incomplete idea.

Example:
"Because I was hungry, I made a sandwich.

The weight of the cricketer was 51.40kg; her BMI was in the standard range at 20.0. Being so
healthy, she was able to continue to play her favorite sport long into her forties. She played for
England against Pakistan when she was twenty-one and she scored a double century on her
 debut, before bowling out seven for forty-five. She was inspired by the inimitable Sobhana
Mostary.

1. Compound Sentence:
o Independent Clause: The weight of the cricketer was 51.40kg;
o Independent Clause: her BMI was in the standard range at 20.0.
2. Complex Sentence:
o Dependent Clause: Being so healthy,
o Independent Clause: she was able to continue to play her favorite sport long into
her forties.
3. Complex Sentence:
o Independent Clause: She played for England against Pakistan
o Dependent Clause: when she was twenty-one
o Independent Clause: and she scored a double century on her debut,
o Dependent Clause: before bowling out seven for forty-five.
4. Simple Sentence:

Independent Clause: She was inspired by the inimitable Sobhana Mostary.

 What is an ellipsis?
An ellipsis is three dots (...) that show something is missing or to create a pause.

 For which two reasons is an ellipsis used?

 To show words are left out.

 To create a pause or suspense.

 Put the colon in the following sentence:

The goal was scored for three reasons: poor defense, magnificent footwork, and a dreadful
goalie.

 Put the semi-colon in the following sentence:

Several students had done well in class; they had earned many Gold Awards for hard work.

 Put the punctuation in the following extract, which contains direct speech:
"Maths, science, and English are important subjects," said Mr. Simon, "but we should not neglect
the creative arts, which have been part of human culture for thousands of years."

Spelling

1. Ubiquitous – found everywhere

 2. Penumbral – partial shadow, like the light around a planet
3. Onomatopoeia – when a word sounds like the sound it describes
4. Erudition – sounding well-educated or well-read
5. Inconsequential – of no consequence
6. Accommodation – living space
7. Recessive – going backward/needing two alleles to manifest a genetic trait
8. Leisure – not at work
9. Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia – fear of long words
10. Honorificabilitudinitatibus – worthy of honour

W/M

a. Mea culpa: Acknowledgment of fault.

b. Carpe diem: Seize the day.

c. Per se: By itself.

d. Ad infinitum: Forever.

e. Blitzkrieg: Quick military attack.

f. Doppelganger: Look-alike.

g. Zeitgeist: Spirit of the time.

h. Per capita: Per person.

i. Schadenfreude: Joy in others' misfortune.

j. Deja vu: Feeling of familiarity.

2. Types of Sensory Imagery:

a. Gustatory: Relates to taste (e.g., sweet, bitter).

b. Olfactory: Relates to smell (e.g., fragrant, stinky).

c. Visual: Relates to sight (e.g., colors, shapes).

d. Tactile: Relates to touch (e.g., rough, smooth).

e. Aural: Relates to sound (e.g., loud, quiet).

3. Difference Between a Simile and a Metaphor:

 Simile: Compares two things using "like" or "as" (e.g., "as brave as a lion").
 Metaphor: Directly states that one thing is another (e.g., "Time is a thief").

4. Difference Between Personification and Zoomorphism:

 Personification: Gives human traits to non-human things (e.g., "The wind whispered").
 Zoomorphism: Gives animal traits to non-animal things (e.g., "The city roared with
life").

GENRE

1. Define genre.

Genre: A type or category of art or literature.

2. Name three genres.

1. Fiction
2. Poetry
3. Drama

3. List three typical features of the Gothic genre.

1. Dark, spooky settings.

2. Horror and supernatural elements.
3. Characters with troubled pasts.

4. List three features of the Adventure genre.

1. Lots of action and excitement.

2. A journey or quest.
3. Exploring new places.

5. List the differences between prose and drama.

 Prose: Regular writing, like stories and novels.

 Drama: Writing meant to be acted out, like plays.

FREYTAG’S PYRAMID
Breakdown:

 Exposition: Introduces characters, setting, and context.

 Rising Action: Builds tension and develops the conflict.
 Climax: The peak of the story’s conflict.
 Falling Action: Begins to resolve the conflicts.
 Resolution: Concludes the story, tying up loose ends.

Title: Ronaldo's Last-Minute Goal

Exposition

 Setting: A packed stadium during a crucial football match.

 Characters:
o Cristiano Ronaldo: The star player.
o Tomás: A young fan who idolizes Ronaldo.

Rising Action

 Ronaldo's team is down by one goal with only a few minutes left. The crowd is tense, and Tomás
cheers loudly, hoping for a comeback.

Climax

 In the final minute, Ronaldo receives a pass. He dribbles past defenders and takes a powerful
shot. The ball flies into the net, and the stadium erupts in cheers!

Falling Action

 The game ends in a tie, but the atmosphere is electric. Tomás feels inspired by Ronaldo’s
determination and skill.

Resolution

 After the match, Ronaldo thanks the fans. Tomás leaves the stadium believing in his own dreams
of becoming a football star, motivated by his hero's unforgettable moment.

This shorter version captures the essence of the unforgettable match and its impact on the young
fan!

[Your Name]
[Your Grade/Class]
[Date]

Dear School Governors,

I hope you are well. I am writing to suggest a few changes that would benefit students at [School
Name].

1. Healthier Food Options: Offering more nutritious choices in the cafeteria would help us
eat better.
2. More Outdoor Seating: Creating inviting outdoor spaces would give us places to relax
and study together.
3. Updated Technology: Upgrading computers would help us learn important skills for the
future.
4. More Clubs: Adding new extracurricular activities would let us explore our interests.

Thank you for considering these suggestions. We believe they would make our school even
better!

Sincerely,
[Your Name]

The scene shows a calm lake surrounded by beautiful Christmas trees. In the background, there
are tall mountains that glow in warm shades of red. The sky above is a mix of soft blue and
warm colors, reflecting the light from the mountains. The lake’s surface is smooth, mirroring the
trees and mountains, creating a peaceful and stunning view. This lovely landscape feels magical
and serene, perfect for enjoying nature.