T. L. E.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

9
EDUCATION
Technology and Livelihood Education– Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Module 14: Technical Drawing: Objects and Dimensions
First Edition, 2020

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 T. L. E.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 14
Title: Technical Drawing:
Objects & Dimensions
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 9 Self-Learning Module

on Computer Systems Servicing!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Self-Learning Module

on Computer Systems Servicing!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

A. define orthographic projection;
B. identify basic orthographic views and geometric constructions;
C. draw the construction of isometric box; and
D. recognize the importance of projections/views to visualize a thing.

PRETEST

Arrange the following steps in drawing an Isometric Drawing in chronological

order. List the steps from 1 – 6.

___a. Draw a left and right axis to the determined height of the box.
___b. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view.
___c. Draw left and right axis.
___d. Determine the width and length of the box and then draw a vertical line.
___e. Draw a vertical axis.
___f. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis.

RECAP
Name the type of Lines used in Technical Drawing. Write the answer on the
space provided before the number.

____________________1.
____________________2.

____________________3.
____________________4.
____________________5.
 LESSON

Technical drawings are made using computer software such as SolidWorks or

AutoCAD (computer-aided design programs). Computer-aided design (CAD) is the
use of computers or workstations to help within the creation, modification, analysis,
or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the efficiency of the
designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through
documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD yield is often in
the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.
It is commonly used in technical drawing, because it needs accuracy which is the
most important features of technical drawing. These programs increase the speed
and accuracy of the drafting process, as well as making the reproduction of drafts as
simple as printing text documents.

The design can be 2-dimensional (Orthographic Projection) or 3-dimensional

drawings (Isometric Drawing). In making this drawings, it follows a process that
involves developing a drawing in the software, analyzing the structure of the
model, creating a virtual prototype, testing the prototype to make sure it would
function correctly and meet the specifications, and then performing a final analysis.

What is an isometric drawing?

Isometric drawing is a way of showing designs in three dimensions. In order

for a design to appear three dimensional, a 30° angle is applied to its sides. Isometric
drawing is a projection which implies that the planes of an object are projected onto
three sloping planes. The best thing about this is that each plane is in the same angle
relative to the 'picture plane'. This implies that since each view has the same amount
of distortion, we can measure the length, width and height of things using real
measurements. Being able to set out a drawing with real measurements is excellent
for students and designers, especially if they need to test ideas for product designs,
and see how they would look if constructed, and confident that the view is realistic.

In an isometric view all lengths along the coordinate axes are foreshorten, as
none of these axes lie in the image plane. An isometric projection scales up the
view to portray an object as closer than it is allowing you to measure distances, e.g.
on a drawing.

The most perfect way to do an isometric drawing is to assume a box which

would exactly hold the item you need to draw. Draw the box, using light construction
lines, to show the height, length and width of the object.
Steps in illustrating an isometric box

1. Draw a vertical axis. 2. Draw left and right axis.

3. Determine the width and Ortho_Isometric.pdf

length of the box and then

draw a vertical line.

4. Draw a left and right axis to

determined height of the
box.
5. Project a line parallel to the
left and right axis.
 6. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view

30° 30°

Any engineering drawing ought to show everything: a total understanding of

the object should be possible from the drawing. If the isometric drawing can show
all details and all dimensions on one drawing, it is ideal. And an isometric drawing
can be a great deal of information. However, if the object in the image above had a
hole on the back side, it would not be visible using a single isometric drawing. In
order to get a more complete view of the object, an orthographic projection may be
used.

What is an Orthographic Projection?

An Orthographic Projections is a method of representing three-dimensional

objects on a plane having only length and breadth also referred to as Right Angle
Projection. It is a 2-D representation of a 3-D object. The 2-D drawing represents
distinctive sides of an object. When constructing an orthographic projection, we need
to incorporate enough views to completely depict the true shape of the part wherein
simple parts require less views. The standard views are Front, Top and Right Side.
 Imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent threads inside a
glass box. Then draw the object on each of three faces as seen from that direction.
Unfold the box and you have the three views. We call this an "orthographic" or
"multiview" drawing.

TOP FRONT SIDE

ISOMETRIC ORTHOGRAPHIC
This shows how the three views appear on a piece
of paper after unfolding the box.
Steps in Creating an Orthographic Projection

Front
1. Choose a front view that shows Front View
most about the object.
2. Decide how many views are
needed to completely describe
the object. If you are unable to
determine which views will be
needed, draw the standard
views: front, top and right side.

In this case we only need two

views. For illustrative purposes, we
will draw three views.
3. Draw the visible features of the
Front View front view.

4. Draw projectors off of the front

view horizontally and vertically in
order to create the boundaries for Top View
the top and right side views.
Vertical Projectors

Horizontal Projectors

Front View Right Side View

5. Draw the top view and use the

vertical projectors to fill in the
visible and hidden features.
 6. Project from the top view back to the
front view. Use the vertical
projectors to fill in any missing
visible or hidden features in the 7. Draw a 45° projector off of the
front view. upper right corner of the box that
encloses the front view.

45°

8. From the top view, draw projectors

9. Draw the right side view. over to the 45° line and down in
order to create the boundaries of
the right side view.
 10. Project back to the top and front
view from the right side view as
needed. 11. Draw center lines where necessary.

Orthographic Projection shows you the true size of the object, if you are
drawing on 1:1 scale but Isometric Projection do not.

Orthographic Projection is used for making the projects but Isometric

Projection is used to have better understanding of the object.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity No. 1
3-D pictorials of two objects are shown with labeled surfaces. Identify those surfaces
on the corresponding Orthographic projections. Dashed circles and leaders point to
hidden surfaces and edges.

What letter (identifying a surface on the Isometric) matches what number

(identifying a surface on the Orthographic projection)? Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided below.

TOP VIEW

2
3

4 5 6 7
ISOMETRIC

11 12 13
8 9 10

15
14

16 18
17
20
19

RIGHT SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW
Answers

1. ________ 8. ________ 15. ________

2. ________ 9. ________ 16. ________
3. ________ 10. ________ 17. ________
4. ________ 11. ________ 18. ________
5. ________ 12. ________ 19. ________
6. ________ 13. ________ 20. ________
7. ________ 14. ________

Activity No. 2

Draw an Isometric Box using two types of drawing. Lay out the Front, Top and
Side View. Refer to the Rubric below.

Freehand Drawing Technical Drawing

(Sketching) (with tools)

Draw the Top, Front and Side view of the box

(Sketching or with tools)
 Rubric Scoring

Excellent Proficient Needs Incomplete

Improvement
10 pts. 7 pts. 5 pts. 3 pts.

Sketching All elements are All elements are All elements are Elements are a
drawn without drawn without drawn without mix of freehand
(Freehand) tools and tools and tools and and with tools
show accuracy in mostly show show some and shows little
proportion and accuracy in accuracy in accuracy in
shape. proportion and proportion and proportion and
Presentation shape. shape. shape.
Quality is Presentation Presentation Presentation
excellent without Quality is good. Quality needs Quality needs
smudging. improvement. improvement.

Clarity of Design The drawing fully Drawing is clear Drawing is clear Drawing is not
& Presentation describes and and reflects what but not reflective clear and is not
has an excellent product is. of what the obvious about
(With Tools) appearance. Drawing has a product is. what the product
Drawing is clear good Drawing has an is. Drawing has
and reflects what appearance. adequate an inadequate
the product is. appearance. appearance.

Isometric Isometric View is Isometric View is Isometric View is Isometric View is

projection projected and is projected and is attempted. not attempted.
correct. mostly correct. Dimensions are
(Freehand or Dimensions are Dimensions are mostly incorrect,
correct, angle is mostly correct, angle somewhat
With Tools)
correct. angle is correct. correct.
Proportions are Proportions are Proportions are
correct. mostly correct. mostly incorrect.

WRAP-UP

Write your three most important key points from the lesson today.

1. _____________________________________________________________________.
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________

VALUING

“Orthographic views show the exact shapes and details of an object”. With this is in
mind, how do orthographic views help us to visualize a thing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Fill in the missing line of the different views. Use pencil to draw the lines.

1. Fill in the missing line in 2. Fill in the missing lines in the Right
Front view. side view.
Hint: 1 missing visible line. Hint: 1 missing visible line and 2
missing hidden lines.

3. Fill in the missing lines in the Top view.

Hint: 5 missing visible line and 2 missing hidden
lines.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Post-Test

5 f.
20. C D 15. 10.G G 5. Object/Visible Line 5. 1 e.
19. F D 14. 9. A D 4. Phantom Line 4. 3 d.
18. E B 13. 8. B C 3. Long Break Line 3. 2 c.
17. C A 12. 7. F A 2. Dimension Line 2. 6 b.
16. E G 11. 6. E B 1. Hidden Line 1. 4 a.
Activity No. 1 Recap Pre-Test

References
• Interpret Drawings and Plans
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-43.html (accessed July 9, 2020)

• Orthographic projection
http://www.learneasy.info/MDME/MEMmods/MEM30002A/eng_dra
wing_basics_files/Ortho_Isometric.pdf (accessed July 11, 2020)

• Isometric vs. Orthographic

file:///C:/Users/DEPED/Downloads/Isometric%20vs%20Orthograph
ic.pdf (accessed July 12, 2020)

• Creating an Orthographic Projection

https://static.sdcpublications.com/multimedia/9781630570521-
sample/ege/ortho/ortho_page6.htm (accessed July 12, 2020)