RME 6 NOTES

Culture and HIV/AIDS

1.1.1.1State the traditional customs that can help prevention of HIV/AIDS

1. Initiation schools

 In the past all boys and girls who reached puberty were taken to initiation schools
 They were taught about good behaviour
 Girls were taught not to have sex before marriage and how to behave towards men
 Boys were taught about dangers of having many sexual partners and importance of marriage
 This schools helped young people to sexually behave well therefore helped prevent the
spread of HIV/AIDS

2. Encouraging wives to be faithful

 A bride is usually given advice on her wedding day by older women (go laya)
 She was told “mosadi wa rutubala “
 This means wife should be faithful to her husband
 Being faithful helped prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS

3. Abstinence

 Traditional custom did not allow or encourage sexual relationships outside of marriage
 Or before one is mature (grownup) and responsible enough to raise a family
 One was expected to remain a virgin until marriage
 This helped prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS

1.1.1.2 Discuss traditional customs that can increase the spread of HIV/AIDS

1.Seantlo

 Is a custom that allows a man to marry his dead wife s younger sister or any close female
relative
 Or a brother to marry his dead brother s wife
 If the wife or husband is infected with HIV/AIDS he or she may pass the virus to the new
wife or husband

2. Polygamy

 Polygamy is when a man marries many wives

 If the man or one of his wives is infected with HIV/AIDS all of the wives may be infected
 The children will also become infected during pregnancy

3. Circumcision

 Circumcision is cutting off the foreskin

 This was done during ignition schools using sharp object or a knife
 Sometimes one knife was use to cut foreskin of many boys
  If one of the boys is HIV infected then it is possible that other boys can also become infected

4. Traditional healing methods

 IN Botswana many people still go to traditional doctors for healing

 Traditional doctors sometimes treat people by making small cuts in their skins using razor
blade
 And rubbing the medicine inside the cut
 If the doctor uses the same razor blade to treat other patients and one of them is HIV
infected then all others may also get infected

5. Encouraging men to have many sexual partners

 We all know that having many sexual partners encourages the spread of HIV/AIDS
 In traditional tswana culture there are many proverbs that encourages many to have many
sexual partners
 And encourage women to accept this

Examples:

 “Monna ga a botswe kwa a tswang teng “,meaning a wife cannot ask a man where he has
been
 “Monna poo ga a agelwe lesaka” meaning man is like a bull and can mate with cows in other
kraals
 “Monna ke selepe wa adimanwa “meaning man is like an axe ,he can be shared by many
women
 If men have many sexual partners then HIV/AIDS is likely to spread more widely

1.1.1.3 Analyse cultural myths about HIV/AIDS

Myths are beliefs or ideas that are not true or correct

 Myth :AIDS is caused by poisoning (sejeso) and can only be cured by traditional doctor
 Fact :AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV and has got NO cure
 Myth :HIV/AIDS is caused by witchcraft
 Fact :HIV/AIDS is caused by a HIV and spread through sexual intercourse
 Myth :HIV/AIDS can be cured by having unprotected sex with a virgin
 Fact :There is NO cure for HIV/AIDS and having sex with a virgin may only infect her
 Myth: HIV/AIDS is caused by Boswagadi
 Fact :A person may be infected by HIV/AIDS by having unprotected sex with an infected
person
 Myth: There is no HIV and this is just a way of discouraging people from enjoying sex
 Fact :HIV/AIDS is real and has claimed the lives of millions of people
 Myth: HIV/AIDS affect homosexuals ,prostitutes and people who abuse drugs
 Fact : HIV/AIDS infect anybody
 Myth: HIV/AIDS was brought to our country by foreigners
 Fact: HIV/AIDS has affected every country in the world
 Myth : One can get infected by touching, hugging and shaking hands with an infected person
  Fact :no you cant

1.2.1.1 Describe the human behaviour considered as morally good and morally bad in Botswana

Morally good behaviour

 Respect
 Sharing
 Caring
 Compassion
 Honesty
 Trustworthy
 Kindness
 Generosity
 Love
 Greeting the elderly

Morally bad behaviour

 Fighting
 Bullying
 Stealing
 Drug abuse
 Gossiping
 Insulting
 Disrespecting the elderly
 Crime or rape

1.2.1.2/3 Discuss the significance of morals in Botswana society and benefits of amorally good
behaviour

Morally good behaviour

 If people have god morals there will be less crime

 People will feel safe and live together in peace
 Government will spend less money fighting crime
 Good behaviour will make the society more caring and sharing
 People will help those in need ,disabled ,orphans and the elderly
 Communities will be more united and cooperate well

Morally bad behaviours

 Society will be plunged in to mayhem

 People may kill one another
 Crime will be more rampant due to drug abuse and fighting
 Government will spent more money fighting crime
 People will feel unsafe and less free
 There will be no peace and harmony
Crime

2.1.1.1 Explain crime

 Crime is behaviour or activity that is not allowed by law and can be punished
 E.g stealing, murder, rape bribery, vandalism, abortion, illegal hunting

2.1.1.2 Discuss reason for breaking the law

1. Poverty

 Some people break the law because they are poor and have needs such as clothes ,food and
shelter

2. Revenge

 crime can be committed when people want to revenge a wrong they believe
someone has done to them or their family

3. Anger

 Some people kill others because they are angry.

4. Mental illness

 crimes can be committed by people who are mentally ill and who do not understand
the results of their actions

5. Drugs and alcohol abuse

 an alcoholic or drug abuser will often steal money in order to buy more drugs and
alcohol and some commit crimes under the influence of alcohol or drugs e.g.
drunken driving and house breaking

6 Poor morals

 Lack of proper Guidance for children from parents and other adults in the family can
lead to life of crime later in life

2.1.1.3 Discuss the consequences of breaking law

 People who break the law are punished differently

 Law breaker may be sent to jail/prison
 Some people are fined money especially traffic offences
 People who commit serious crime of murder are hanged by their neck until they
de(capital punishment )
  Some are law breakers are beaten on the buttocks at the kgotla (corporal
punishment)

2.1.1.4 Discuss ways of reducing crime in Botswana

 Forming crime prevention groups (twantsho borukhuthi)

 Neighbourhood watch groups (people who works together with the police to make
sure their area is safe and protected )

 Educating people on the dangers of committing crime

 Reporting people who commit crime to the police /law enforcement
 Avoid buying stolen goods
 Police patrols the streets
 Mete out serious punishment to criminals
2.1.1.5 Explain different ways in which people break religious laws

 Followers of some religions can break their own religious laws

 Some commit serious crime such as murder and rape
 Have sex before they could marry which is a sin
 Some drink alcohol
 Commit adultery fornication and abortion which most religions condemn
 Are sex workers which is forbidden by God

2.1.1.6 Explain immorality of crime in terms of the values and principles of religion

 Religion is against crime

 Crime is an immoral act
 Those who commit crime commit sin
 Crime violates members of the community and hurt them
 Religion teaches that criminals will never enter the kingdom of heaven

2.1.1.7investigate what different religions do to deter criminals?

 Teaching of good morals

 Punishment (sharia laws)
 Pray for criminals to repent and be forgiven by God
 Guidance ,counselling and rehabilitation

2.1.2.1 Identify factors that can lead to Juvenile Delinquency

A juvenile is a young person who is NOT YET AN ADULT

Delinquency means breaking the law by committing crimes like vandalism, shoplifting or
fighting

 Lack of moral guidance

 Alcohol and drug abuse
 Peer pressure
 Poverty
 Child abuse
 Poor morals

2.1.2.2discuss the moral implication of Juvenile Delinquency

 Society will be plunged in to mayhem

 juveniles may kill ,rape or commit serious crimes
 Crime will be more rampant due to drug abuse and fighting
 People will feel unsafe and less free
 There will be no peace and harmony in society
 Destroy their own future
  May end up in jail

2.1.2.3investigate ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency in different religions and in the
society

 Corporal punishment at the kgotla

 Sent to special rehabilitations centres across the country
 Jailed at Boys prison
 Guidance by social workers teachers and police
 Suspended or expelled from school
 Religions may counsel and rehabilitate
 Religion may teach them proper and good morals
 Religion may pray for them

Punishment

2.2.1.1 Explain the importance of Punishment

 To correct bad behaviour

 To teach people not to do wrong thing again
 To make people respect rules and obey lws
 To protect people from being hurt by law breakers

2.2.1.2Evaluate the way student are punished

Learners in schools are punished differently looking at what he/she did

1. Detention

 –Means staying behind while others students go out to play or home

2. Missing a special activity

 Not allowed to participate of something unique or special like a school trip or sports

3. Manual work

 Student asked to do some work around the school like cleaning the toilets

4. Corporal punishment

 Beaten for breaking the school rules

5. Suspension
  Ordering student not to attend school for a few weeks and allowed back after a
while

6. Expulsion

 Ordered to never come school ever again or expelled

2.2.1.3 Discuss how different cultures and religions deals with punishment

Cultures

 Most Cultures believe children should be disciplined at a young age hence the
proverb “lore le ojwa le sale metsi”
 Traditionally communities in Botswana use corporal punishment, hard labour or
fines for small crimes
 However crimes such as murder can be punished through capital punishment

Religion

 In ATR punishment is allowed as a way of correcting behaviour and God or ancestors

punish those who do wrong

 Sometimes drought is seen as God sway of punishing people for sins

 Christians believe that people who do wrong may end up in hell
 They also believe if forgiving those who have sinned as a way of repentance

 Islam uses the sharia laws to punish follower who do wrong

 A thieve can have his/her hand cut for stealing
 Married woman who commit adultery may be stoned to death as punishment

Religious festivals

1.1.1.1 state special occasion celebrated in any three religions

1. Christianity

 Christmas (birth of Jesus Christ

 Good Friday (death of Jesus )
 Easter Monday
 Ascension day
 Weddings
 Palm Sunday


2. Islam
  Eid-ul fitr (end of Ramadan )
 Id –ul Adha (Ibrahim’s faith in God

3. African Traditional Religion

 Dikgafela
 Coronation of the new chief
 Letsema
 Mantsho a ngwana
 Mophaso

4. Hinduism

 Divali (hindu new year)

 Navratri or nine nights
 Durga puja dussehra
 Holi

5. Sikhism

 Guru Nanak s birthday

 The birthday of the Khalsa
 Guru gobind singh birthday

6. Buddhism

 Wesak (birth, death and life of Buddha)

 Obon (the time Buddha rescued a mother of a follower from hell)
 Birthday of Buddha

7. Bahai faith

 Birth of Bahaullah

1.1.1.2 Discuss the stories and customs associated with some major religious festivals

 Christmas

1. Christmas

 According to Christian belief a young woman Mary was engaged to a carpenter

Joseph
  An angel of heaven came to tell Mary that she will become pregnant by the holy
spirit
 And that she should name the child Jesus Christ
 The angel also told Mary that Jesus will be the saviour and the light of the world
 Thus virgin Marry gave birth to Jesus Christ in Bethlehem in a stable on the 25th
December(Christmas )
 Christians all over the world celebrate the birth of Jesus every year
 They share gifts with their families and friends, love messages and are happy at this
time
 Christmas signify an important time in Christianity
 They celebrate this day by singing ,worshiping ,praising praying and teaching
 They also share gifts and help give out presents to the poor

3. Easter Festival

 Festival that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus from the dead

 On a good Friday Jesus died on the cross
 Christians believe Jesus came back to life two days later on Sunday
 It is believed he rose to the heaven
 Christians celebrate this day by singing, praying, praising and sharing the last supper
 They eat Easter eggs or bunny

 Islam

1. Eid-al - Fitr

 Festival of Breaking the fast

 Muslims worldwide celebrate this day to mark the end of month long fasting
(Ramadan)
 They perform Eid prayers, social gatherings festivals charity and gift giving

2. Id- ul –adha

 Festival of sacrifice
 It is a festival to honour the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of
obedience to God command
 They sacrifice a sheep, goat, cow, buffalo or camel
 They perform Eid prayers

 ATR in Botswana

1. Dikgafela
  A traditional harvest festival
 It is celebrated to thank Ancestors/badimo for the good rain and harvest
 It is celebrated through singing and dancing traditional songs, poetry riddles and
games

 Divali
 Is a Hindu religious festival which celebrate in October of every year
 According to Hindu belief there once was a gentle, brave and kind prince Rama
 Everyone loved him and wanted him to be the King one day except his stepmother
 His stepmother blackmailed Rama s father (king) not to make Rama the next king
 He blackmailed the king to banish Rama from the land and make his own son King
 Rama, wife Sita and younger brother lakshmana left and went to live in the forest
 In the forest lived an evil monster called Ravana
 One day Monster Ravana captured Sita and Rama and Lakshamana fought
him(Ravana)
 They were helped by the god of monkeys called Hanuman and they killed the evil
monster
 At last Rama, Sita and Lakshmana went home
 Hindus celebrates this day to remember the time Rma,Sita and lakshmana came
back home
 Families prepare special food and sweets to eat
 Lights are put almost everywhere
 They play music and dance

 Buddhism

1. Wesak

 Celebration of the birth ,life and death of Buddha

 Celebrated on Sunday closest to May full moon

 Sikhism

1. Baisakhi

 Celebration of the Sikh New year

 Celebrated on April each year
 It is celebrate to remember the beginning of the Khalsa

1.1.1.4Describe special religious ceremonies marking key events of Religious founders

 Jesus Christ
1. (Christmas) Birth of Jesus Christ
2. Easter (death and resurrection of Jesus

 Prophet Mohammed

1. Night of Power

 Celebrated the last ten days of Ramadan

 The first night is called the night of power
 They celebrate it to mark the first time Mohammed received the Quran from angel
Jibril (Gabriel)
 They pray and read from the Quran

2. Hijra

 Refers to the journey taken by Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD

 Muslim calendar counts dates from the Hijra

 Siddhartha Gautama

1. Wesak

 Celebration of birth ,life and death of Buddha

 Offerings of food and drinks

 Guru nanak
 Celebrations of the birthdays of gurus
 This birthdays are known as Gurpurbs
 They gather in temples and read the Sikh holy book(guru granth sahib)

 Bahullah
 Festival of Ridvan (most Great festival)
 Twin holy birthdays

1.1.1.5discuss beliefs that underlie religious festivals


1.1.1.6 discuss importance of festivals to the believers

 festivals strengthen believers s faith

 it shows believers love for the supreme being
 It proves loyalty honour to one’s religion
 Festival gives a sense of belonging to one’s religion
 It shows importance of their belief one in one God
 Rings people together

1.1.1.7Asssess the influence of religious festival on the community

 People gather, celebrate and pray together

 People cooperate
 People interact with one another
 Festival unite the community
 People give to the needy and orphans

Religious worship

1.2.1.1 Explain the meaning of worship

 Worship re activities that people do as way of praising and honouring the supreme
being
 During worship people may pray
 Sing
 Praise
 Chants
 Meditation
 Teachings
 Preach e.t.c

1.2.1.2discuss different ways worship is expressed in any two religion

1. Christianity

 Praying at church on Sunday

 Singing and preaching
 Reading the holy bible

2. Islam

 Reading from the Quran

 Praying at mosque facing direction of Mecca
 Washing and cleansing of body parts(Wudu)
 Chanting hymns

3. Hinduism

 Praying
 Giving out of gifts
 Worship together in temple

4. Sikhism

 Worship in the Gurdwara

 Sharing of food
 Reciting the Guru Granth Sahib

5. Buddhism

 Meditation
 Chanting sections of the holy body

6. African Traditional Religion

 Praying
 Singing and dancing
 Sacrifices
 Worship of the ancestors

1.2.1.3 Discuss rituals associated with in any two religions

1. Christianity

 Ordination(ceremony making one a priest)

 Baptism (sprinkling water on forehead)admission to Christian church)
 Eucharist (commemoration of the Last supper)
 Holy communion(
 Marriage

2. Islam

 Wudu (practice of washing body parts)

 Shahada prayer(there is no God but Allah and Mohammed is the messenger)

3. Hinduism

 Meditation
 recitations

4. Sikhism

 naming ceremony
 amrit (Baptism)
  marriage(bliss)

6. African Traditional Religion

 sacrifice a black cow or sheep

 botsetse
 rainmaking
 birth
 initiation

5. Buddhism

 Meditation
 Visit to the stupas

1.2.1.4 Give reasons for worship in religions

 Praise and honour God (supreme being)

 Become closer to God
 To worship together with other believers
 To pray for guidance to deal with life problems
 Asking for forgiveness
 To strengthen ones faith

1.2.1.5 Discuss the general characteristics of worship

 Praying
 Singing
 Dancing
 Take place in special r sacred place
 Use of holy objects as beads ,holy books ,mats ,bones ,bell and musical instruments

1.2.1.6 Discuss the significance of artefacts used in worship

1. Christianity

 Cross (reminds Christians of the crucification of Jesus and that he died for their sins )
 Chalice and Paten(cup and plate used during holy communion )
 Bible (holy book read during worship is very important in the Christian faith)
 Prayer beads

2. Islam

 Prayer mats
 Sometimes use beads
  The Quran(holy book)

3. Hinduism

 Prayer beads
 Incense sticks
 Statue of goddesses and Gods

4. Sikhism

 The Guru Granth Sahib(holy book)

 Musical instruments
 String of prayer beads called the Mala

5. Buddhism

 Statue of the Buddha

 Mandala (maps of the universe )

6. African Traditional Religion

 Gourds(store for traditional medicine)

 Whisk (seditse)
 Bones

1.2.1.7investigate different ways of worship practiced in the local community

 Traditional healing
 Singing and praising
 Dancing
 Ceremonies and festivals

Children’s rights

1.2.1.1 Identify atleast five children rights and 1.2.1.2 and responsibilities

Rights Responsibility
Right to have name Respect your and who u are
Nationality Good citizen
Home/shelter Keep it clean and tidy
Education To attend school and learn
Health Take care of oneself
To eat Not waste food
Right of protection from abuse Look out for oneself
1.2.1.3 Justify actions that they think are children rights violation in Botswana

 Child abandonment
 Religious imposition
 Corporal punishment
 Insulting children
 Poverty

Child abandonment

1.2.1.1 Discuss the causes of child abandonment

 Child abandonment is when a parents knowingly leave their children and disappear
 Unplanned pregnancy
 Shame
 Step father not wanting anything to do with the child
 Irresponsible parenting
 Alcohol and abuse
 Poverty

1.2.1.2 Discuss moral and religious implications of child abandonment

 Child may feel unloved and unwanted

 Children cannot look for themselves
 Children are gifts of God and abandoning is a sin(wrong)

1.2.1.3identify different organisations that take care of abandoned children

 SOS
 CHILDLINE
 Mpule Kwelagobe children centre
 Childline
 Social work office

1.2.1.4 Assess different ways in which government helps the abandoned children

 Social worker helps to find homes for them

 They are on the custody of social work office

1.2.2.1 Give examples of responsible parenting

 Love and care for children

 Teach the good morals
 Make sure they go to school
 Never abuse your children
 Role model for their children
1.2.2.2 Discuss the importance of being taken care of as a child

 They grow healthy and happy

 Know difference between right and wrong
 Feels wanted and important

1.2.2.3identify places where negligence of children by their parents can be reported

 School (School head and teacher)

 Church (pastor or Colleague)
 Council
 Kgosi
 Police
 Social worker
 Childline

Corporal Punishment

1.3.1.1 Discuss corporal punishment as a means of correcting behaviour

 Flogging or beating using a stick to correct a behaviour

 It can be used by the courts or at school
 It is usually administered on offences such as stealing, insulting or fighting
 It is usually administered on men
 It is believed in the African culture that corporal punishment is a best punishment to
correct behaviour

1.3.1.2 Discuss Corporal punishment as a form of abuse

 It is believed that it is a physical abuse

 Some people or rights groups are against use of corporal punishment
 They believe it is a form of abuse especially on children
 They believe it is humiliation and emotional abuse
 It teaches children to be violent
 They say it does not teach good behaviour

1.3.1.3 Investigate the law pertaining to corporal punishment in schools

 Corporal punishment has been abolished in schools and teachers are no longer
allowed to administer it
 Only school heads are allowed to administer corporal punishment
 The school head is the one who can engage teachers to do it
 Only a light stick 1mitre long can be used
 It should be carried out only on reasonable grounds
 Pupils should be beaten on palm or buttocks
  Pupil should not be given more than five stokes
 The procedure must be written down (recorded)
 All these is on the Education act

1.3.1.4 Discuss moral implication of Corporal Punishment

 It can correct bad behaviour

 Makes pupil to know difference between right and wrong
 It is physical abuse and causes physical pain