Module 4

2.4 Exact Equations

A differential expression 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 is an exact differential in a region 𝑅 of the
𝑥𝑦 −plane if it corresponds to the differential of some function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) defined in 𝑅. A first order
differential equation of the form

𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 (1)

is said to be exact differential equation if the expression on the left is an exact differential.
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
Recall: If 𝑧 = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦), then its total derivative is 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦. For example, 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
is an exact equation, because its left-hand is an exact differential, that is
1
𝑑 ቀ 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 ቁ = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦.
3

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
Notice that if we make the identifications 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 and 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 , then = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = .
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Theorem (Criterion for an Exact Differential)

Let 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) be continuous and have continuous first partial derivatives in a
particular region 𝑅 defined by 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑦, 𝑑. Then a necessary and sufficient condition that

𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 be an exact differential is

𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
= .
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

The solution of (1) is to find the function 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒄, which can be obtained by evaluating either of the
following:

(2.4.1) 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑴 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚), holding 𝑦 constant and solving the constant function 𝑔(𝑦), or

(2.4.2) 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑵 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙), holding 𝑥 constant and solving the constant function 𝑔(𝑥).

Example 1. Solve 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

Solution:

𝝏𝑴 𝝏
Given 𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 ⇒ = (𝟐𝒙𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑵 𝝏
and 𝑵(𝒙. 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 ⇒ = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) = 𝟐𝒙
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Since = , the given DE is Exact DE.
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
Using (2.4.1), 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑴 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚), the solution of the given DE is
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫ 𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒙𝟐 ׬‬+ 𝒈(𝒚)
Holding 𝒚 constant,
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒚 ‫ 𝒙𝒅𝒙𝟐 ׬‬+ 𝒈(𝒚)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒚(𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒈(𝒚)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒚) (*)
Solving for 𝒈(𝒚), we have
𝝏𝑭 𝝏
= [𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒚)]
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑭
⇒ = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒈′(𝒚),
𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑭
Since = 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚), then
𝝏𝒚

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒈′ (𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
Or 𝒈′ (𝒚) = −𝟏
Integrating both sides, we have
‫𝒈 ׬‬′ (𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = ‫ ׬‬−𝟏𝒅𝒚
⇒ 𝒈(𝒚) = −𝒚
Substituting 𝒈(𝒚) to (*),
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚
Thus, 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 is
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚 = 𝑪 (Final Answer)

Alternatively, using (2.4.2), 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑵 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙), the solution of the given DE
is
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫ 𝟐𝒙(׬‬− 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙)
Holding 𝒙 constant,
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) ‫ 𝒚𝒅 ׬‬+ 𝒈(𝒙)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙) (**)
Solving for 𝒈(𝒙), taking the partial derivative of 𝑭 with respect to 𝒙,
𝝏𝑭 𝝏
= (𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙))
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑭
⇒ = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈’(𝒙)
𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑭
Since = 𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚), then
𝝏𝒙

𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈’(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝒚

 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝟎
Integrating both sides,
‫𝒈 ׬‬′ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎
Substituting 𝒈(𝒙) to (**), we have
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚
Thus, 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 is
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚 = 𝑪 (Final Answer)

Example 2. Solve (𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟐𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

Solution:
From 𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚, then
𝝏𝑴
= 𝒆𝟐𝒚 (𝟐) − [𝒚(−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚(𝒙)) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚(𝟏)]
𝝏𝒚
= 𝟐𝒆𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚
𝟐𝒚
and 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙𝒆 − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚, then
𝝏𝑵
= 𝟐𝒆𝟐𝒚 − [𝒙(−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚(𝒚) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚(𝟏))]
𝝏𝒙

= 𝟐𝒆𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚

𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Thus, = .
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

To find 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪, we use equation (2.4.1), that is,

𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑴 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫ 𝒚𝟐𝒆(׬‬− 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)
Holding 𝒚 constant,
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆𝟐𝒚 ‫ 𝒙𝒅 ׬‬− 𝒚 ‫ 𝒙𝒅𝒚𝒙𝒔𝒐𝒄 ׬‬+ 𝒈(𝒚)
𝟏
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆𝟐𝒚 (𝒙) − 𝒚 ቀ ቁ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒚)
𝒚

⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒚) (***)

Solving for 𝒈(𝒚),
𝝏𝑭
= 𝟐𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚(𝒙) + 𝒈′(𝒚)
𝝏𝒚

𝝏𝑭
⇒ = 𝟐𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈′(𝒚)
𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑭
But = 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚), so
𝝏𝒚

𝟐𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚 + 𝒈′(𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚

⇒ 𝒈′(𝒚) = 𝟐𝒚
Integrating both sides,
𝒈(𝒚) = ‫𝒚𝒅𝒚𝟐 ׬‬
 ⇒ 𝒈(𝒚) = 𝒚𝟐
Substituting to (***),
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐
Thus, 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 is
𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒚 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑪 (Final Answer)
Try this!
1. Solve (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒚
2. Solve 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝒆𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 .
𝒅𝒙
𝒚
3. Solve ቀ𝟏 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + ቁ 𝒅𝒙 = (𝟏 − 𝐥𝐧 𝒙)𝒅𝒚.
𝒙

2.5 The Determination of Integrating Factor

Consider the non-exact equation

𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0. (1)

And suppose 𝜇(possibly a function of both 𝑥 and 𝑦) is an integrating factor of (1). Then

𝜇𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝜇𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0

is an Exact DE. Now, 𝑢 may be obtained by any of the following:

1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
a) 𝜇(𝑥) = 𝑒 ‫ 𝑥𝑑)𝑥(𝑓 ׬‬if ቀ − ቁ = 𝑓(𝑥), a function of 𝑥 alone or
𝑁 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
b) 𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 − ‫ 𝑦𝑑)𝑦(𝑓 ׬‬if ቀ − ቁ = 𝑓(𝑦), a function of 𝑦 alone.
𝑀 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Then the solution of (1) can be obtained by the method we learned in solving Exact DE.

Steps:
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
1. Verify ≠ .
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝟏 𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵 𝟏 𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
2. Solve ቀ − ቁ = 𝒇(𝒙) . If not, solve ቀ − ቁ = 𝒇(𝒚)
𝑵 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙 𝑴 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
3. Solve the integrating factor 𝝁(𝒙) = 𝒆 ‫𝒙𝒅)𝒙(𝒇 ׬‬
. If not, 𝝁(𝒚) = 𝒆− ‫ 𝒚𝒅)𝒚(𝒇 ׬‬.
4. Multiply 𝝁(𝒙), if not 𝝁(𝒚), to both sides of the given DE
5. Solve 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) using Exact Method.

Example 3. Solve (𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

Solution:
Verifying
𝝏𝑴 𝝏
= (𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑵 𝝏
and = [𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)] = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Thus, ≠ . Clearly, it is not an exact equation.
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

𝟏 𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Now, solving for ቀ − ቁ = 𝒇(𝒙), we have
𝑵 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

𝟏 𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵 𝟏
ቀ − ቁ= [(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚) − (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)]
𝑵 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙 𝒙(𝒙+𝟐𝒚)
𝟏
= (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚)
𝒙(𝒙+𝟐𝒚)
𝟏
= (𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)
𝒙(𝒙+𝟐𝒚)
𝟐
=
𝒙

= 𝒇(𝒙), a function of 𝒙 alone!

Hence, the integrating factor of the given DE is
𝟐 𝟐
𝝁(𝒙) = 𝒆‫𝟐𝒙 = 𝒙 𝐧𝐥𝒆 = 𝒙 𝐧𝐥 𝟐𝒆 = 𝒙𝒅𝒙׬𝒆 = 𝒙𝒅)𝒙(𝒇 ׬‬
Multiplying 𝝁(𝒙) to both sides of the given, we have
[(𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎][𝒙𝟐 ]
⇒ (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 )𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
Verifying the exactness, that is
𝝏𝑴 𝝏
= (𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑵 𝝏 𝝏
And = [𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)] = (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒚) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Since = , the new equation
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

(𝟒𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 )𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 is now an exact DE!

To solve for 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪,
𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫𝒙(𝑴 ׬‬, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫ 𝒚 𝟑𝒙𝟒(׬‬+ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 )𝒅𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒚)
𝟏
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 − ቀ ቁ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒈(𝒚)
𝟒
𝝏𝑭
Then we solve = 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚),
𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝑭
= 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒈′ (𝒚) = 𝑵(𝒙, 𝒚)
𝝏𝒚

⇒ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒈′ (𝒚) = 𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒚

⇒ 𝒈′ (𝒚) = 𝟎
⇒ 𝒈(𝒚) = 𝟎
Thus, 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 is
𝟏
𝒙𝟒 𝒚 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 − ( ) 𝒙𝟒 = 𝑪
𝟒
 (Final Answer)

Example 4. Solve 𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

Solution:
𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝝏𝑴 𝝏 𝝏
= [𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)] = [𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏] = 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚

and
𝝏𝑵 𝝏
= (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)= 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Since ≠ , it is not an exact equation.
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

Solving the integrating factor,

𝟏 𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵 𝟏 𝟏
ቀ − ቁ = (𝒙+𝟐𝒚) [(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) − 𝟏] = (𝒙+𝟐𝒚) (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏 = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝑵 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

Since it is a function of 𝒙 alone, then

𝝁(𝒙) = 𝒆‫𝒙𝒆 = 𝒙𝒅𝟏 ׬𝒆 = 𝒙𝒅)𝒙(𝒇 ׬‬

Multiplying both sides of the given differential equation by 𝒆𝒙 , we have
[𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎]𝒆𝒙
⇒ 𝒚𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
Verifying the exactness,
𝝏𝑴 𝝏
= [𝒚𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)]
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚

𝝏
= (𝒙𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙 )
𝝏𝒚

= 𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 ;
𝝏𝑵 𝝏
= [𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)]
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝝏
= (𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝒆𝒙 )
𝝏𝒙

= [(𝒙)(𝒆𝒙 ) + (𝒆𝒙 )(𝟏)] + 𝟐𝒚𝒆𝒙

= 𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
Since , = , the new equation is now exact DE!
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙

Solving for 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 using (2.4.2), we have

𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = ‫ 𝒙( 𝒙𝒆 ׬‬+ 𝟐𝒚)𝒅𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒙) = ‫ 𝒚𝒅 𝒙𝒆𝒙 ׬‬+ ‫ 𝒚𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒆𝟐 ׬‬+ 𝒈(𝒙)
⇒ 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒚 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈(𝒙)
𝝏𝑭
Solving for = 𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚),
𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝑭 𝝏
= ቀ𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒚 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈(𝒙)ቁ
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙

= 𝒚[𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏)] + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈′ (𝒙)

= 𝒙𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈′ (𝒙)
 Since 𝒙𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚)
⇒ 𝒙𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝒚𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝒙𝒚𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙
⇒ 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝟎
⇒ 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎
Thus, 𝑭(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝑪 is
𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒚 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑪 (Final Answer)

Try this!
1. Solve 𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
2. Solve (𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
3. Solve 𝟔𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒚 + 𝟗𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.