Exit Exam Tutorial
Part 1: Computer Programming
Episode 4: Arrays in C++
1.4 Arrays in C++
- An array is a collection of data which shares a common
identifier and data type.
- A collection of identical data objects, which are stored in
consecutive memory locations under a common heading or
a variable name.
- In other words, an array is a group or a table of values
referred to by the same name.
- The individual values in array are called elements.
1.4 Arrays in C++
1.4.1 Properties of Arrays
- Arrays in C++ are zero-bounded; that is the index of the
first element in the array is 0 and the last element is N-1,
where N is the size of an array.
- It is illegal to refer to an element outside of the array
bounds, and your program will crash or have unexpected
results, depending on the compiler.
- Array can only hold values of one type.
1.4 Arrays in C++
1.4.2 Array Declaration
- Declaring the name and type of an array and setting the
number of elements in an array is called dimensioning the
array.
- The array must be declared before one uses in like other
variables.
- In the array declaration one must define:
1. The type of the array (i.e, integer, floating-point, char,
etc.)
2. Name of the array.
3. The total number of memory locations to be allocated or
the maximum value of each subscript.
- So, the general syntax for the declaration is:
DataTypename arrayname [array size];
1.4 Arrays in C++
- The array size cannot be a variable whose value is set while
the program is running.
- Thus, to declare an integer with size of 10 having a name of
num is: int num[10];
1.4 Arrays in C++
1.4.3 Initializing Arrays
- You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or
using a single statement as follows:
- double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0,
50.0};
- Multidimensional arrays are described as arrays of arrays.
0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
1.4 Arrays in C++
- Matrix represents a bi-dimensional array of 3 per 5 values
of type int. The way to declare this array would be:
- int matrix[3][5];
1.4 Arrays in C++
1.4.4 Accessing Array Elements
- An element is accessed by indexing the array name.
- This is done by placing the index of the element within
square brackets after the name of the array.
- For example: double salary = balance[9];
- The above statement will take 10th element from the array
and assign the value to salary variable.
- Following is an example, which will use all the above-
mentioned three concepts: declaration, assignments and
accessing arrays.
1.4 Arrays in C++
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n[10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
n[i] = i + 100;
}
cout << “Element“ << setw(13) << “Value” << endl;
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
cout << setw(7) << j << setw(13) << n[j] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
1.4 Arrays in C++
Sample output:
1.4 Arrays in C++
Special Thanks to the publisher and author with:
TOPICS AND THE CONCEPTS:
What is Array?
Accessing Array Elements
Array Declaration
Initializing Arrays
Properties of Arrays
REFERENCES:
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design (D.S. Malik)
Fundamental of Programming in C++ (Walter J. Savitch)
PRESENTED BY:
Mohammed Nebil
HISTORY OF THE PROGRAMMING:
Dennis Ritchie
Bjarne Stroustrup
Anders Hejlsberg
SPECIAL THANKS:
Digital Library of Educations
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Educations
Ethiopian Education Short Note
