1.
Introduction to Databases
● Definition and purpose of databases
● Types of databases: Relational vs. Non-relational (NoSQL)
● Database management systems (DBMS) vs. database
● Popular DBMS software (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MongoDB)
2. Database Design
● Data modeling
● Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams
● Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)
● Denormalization
● Schema design and best practices
3. SQL (Structured Query Language)
● Basics: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
● Filtering and sorting: WHERE, ORDER BY
● Joins: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN
● Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
● Grouping data: GROUP BY, HAVING
● Subqueries and nested queries
● Common table expressions (CTEs)
● Indexes and their impact on performance
● Transactions and ACID properties
4. NoSQL Databases
● Overview of NoSQL databases
● Types of NoSQL databases: Document, Key-Value, Column-Family, Graph
● Popular NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, Neo4j)
● Data modeling in NoSQL databases
● Querying in NoSQL databases
5. Database Connectivity
● Database drivers and connectors
● Connecting to a database from different programming languages (e.g., JDBC for Java,
psycopg2 for Python)
● Using ORMs (Object-Relational Mappers) like Hibernate, SQLAlchemy, Entity
Framework
6. Advanced SQL and Performance Tuning
● Stored procedures, functions, and triggers
● Views and materialized views
● Index optimization and indexing strategies
● Query optimization techniques
● Analyzing query performance using EXPLAIN and execution plans
● Partitioning and sharding
7. Data Integrity and Security
● Constraints: primary key, foreign key, unique, not null
● Data validation techniques
● User roles and permissions
● Encryption at rest and in transit
● SQL injection and prevention methods
8. Backup and Recovery
● Backup strategies and tools
● Restoring databases
● Point-in-time recovery
● Disaster recovery planning
9. Distributed Databases and Replication
● Concepts of distributed databases
● Data replication techniques: Master-slave, master-master, peer-to-peer
● Consistency models: CAP theorem, eventual consistency
● Database clustering
10. Big Data and Data Warehousing
● Introduction to big data
● Data warehousing concepts
● ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes
● Popular data warehousing tools (e.g., Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Amazon
Redshift)
11. Database Administration
● Installing and configuring database servers
● Monitoring and maintaining databases
● Performance tuning and scaling
● Automating routine database tasks
● Database auditing
12. Modern Database Trends
● Cloud databases (e.g., AWS RDS, Google Cloud SQL, Azure SQL Database)
● NewSQL databases
● Graph databases and their applications
● Time-series databases
● Multi-model databases
