Contents Daily Planner es (14) Chapter Navigation 25 Marks, [Chemical Substances: Nature and Behaviour 1 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations a 2 Acids, Bases and Salts a 3. Metals and Non-metals 7 4 Carbon and Its Compounds TH Word of Living ee 5 Life Processes i 6 Control and Coordination 7 7 How Do Organisms Reproduce? o 8 Heredity a IIL Natural Phenomena a ) 9 Light - Reflection and Refraction oo 10 The Human Eye and the Colourful se IV Effects of current 13 Marks 11 Electricity 110 12 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 1 V Natural Resources 5 Marks 13 Our Environment 131 Answers: Chapters 1 to 13 140 Sample Question Papers > Sample Question Paper 1 an Answers: Sample Question Paper 1 27 > Sample Question Paper 2 = > Sample Question Paper 3 e > Sample Question Paper 4 (Issued by Board on 5" September, 2024) 22 “Abreviaions by CBSE ype: EQ Remmi, KO Undrstondng, E7} Ain HLM Arn Eriatig ECnson I Formatng (5)Chemical Reactions and Equations Repres ation of » chemical reaction using symbols and formulae, | : ee | 1. Chemical Equation Enaures the conservation of mess — {atoms on botn sides wre sau Example (Formation of unter} 2H, +0, +2H,0 Balanced Chemical Equation { ——— eee : Conservation of ti 2. implications of a —" Balanced Chemical Equation Two of morelsubstances compibgftrm a single product. fesction ees, f as + On amgo wa ce ‘ single compound breaks into two or more simpler substances 3.2 Decomposition f Example (Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate); Caco; * ca0 +0, { ‘Amore reactive element displaces a tex \ faactvetement om hs conse Ssoupucomertiecton | Betegsenetc aS Rercamertgection S| 20+ cusof% 250, +. cu eT 22801 + Cu change of ond between tue compounds 2.4 boule Data { = ment Example thon ————— | Bac, + NaS0, + BaSO, | + 2NaCI [Formation of an insoluble substance (precipitate) Reactions 3.5 Precipitation Reaction Sample aon Reaction : — AgNOs + NaCl + AgCl | + NaNO; Endothermic: Absorb heat eneray. Example setwonmcma { Nix0s 4s ano Exothermic Reactions. | ceotnermic: Release neat energy Bample C402 + CO; + Heat Oxidation: Gain of oxygen oF (oss of hydrogen. Example 2Cu +O, +2Cu0 ee Reduction: Loss of oxygen or gain of hyarogen Example \ 3.7 oxidation and Reduction ee ] cr0+, Sut ,0 Redox Reaction: Both oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously Example Zn + CuSO, ~ Zn$0, + CuCHAPTER Rp o Ww Magnestam nbhon Super Bupep © Muttipte choice Questions denned ‘ atch-glask Magnesia oxide Which of the following is the correct observ, ration of the reaction shown in the above set up? (4) Brown powder of magnesium oxide is formed. (8) Colourie 88 gas which turns lime water milky is evolved. (€) Magnesium ribbon burns with brilliant white light (©) Reddish brown 88 with a smell of burning sulphur has evolved, EB ISQP 2022-23), 2 In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution CuSO, + Fe > Cu + Fes0, Which option in the given table correctly represents the substance oxidised ai ind the reducing agent? [Options | Substance oxidized | Reducing Agel ay Fe Fe @) Fe Gs, he Gu Fe Foy CuSO, Fe [SQP 2022-23} 3. Which of the statements about the reac incorrect? 2PLO(S) + Cls) -» 2Po(s) + CO\g) (t) Lead is getting reduced. (ii) Carbon dioxide is getting ovidised (Wi) Carbon is getting oxidised. (v) Lead oxide is getting reduced tion below are Unit I: Chemical SS CoH 6c’ Nature and Behaviou Chemical Reactions and Equations W9 wana in S OE (C) (i), (ianel (iit os (0) All a (i) In beakers A and B, exothermi Dit basset (A) (i) only. eee He Process has occurred mic process has occured ocess has occurred rocess has occurred (8) Gi) oniy (0) i) and gy AED Hesemplar 59 3) @ Assertion-reason Based Questions Sota Directions: ws re Fo. ASSERTION (1 FOLLOWED THE CORRECT CHOICE As (A) Both assertion (A) and {®)is the correct explanation of assertion (A) {() Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true But reason {R) isnot the correct explanation of assertion (A) (6) Assertion (A)s true but reason (R) i alse. (0) Assertion (A)is false but reason (R)s true 5. Assertion: inthe WING QUESTIONS, A STATEMENT oF YA STATEMENT OF REASON (ug reason (R) are true and reason Biven equation," stands for 2 SFe4XH.O + Fe,O,+4H, Reason: To balance the given equation, the number ‘atoms of each element should be same on both the sides. a bromide decomposition i used if wotography, Reason: Light provides energy for this exothermic reaction Sas 228 Giswosten soome® 6. Assertion: Silver black and white ph avg 7. A clear solution of slaked lime is made by dissoh od Ca(OH), in an excess of water. This solution ise ee 1© air. The solution slowly goes milky as a faint edSSS ee eras one nso 20 a ee ee reaction? © icrrqy 3. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail ts dipped in it? B [Exemplar Q.1. Pg. 13) 40, A shiny brown-coloured element "X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour Name the element X snd the black coloured compound formed. = 44. Mark whether the given chemical reaction is a redow reaction or not Justify your answer MnO, + 4HCI+ Mncl, + 24,0 + c. o 12. Observe the two chemical equations given belo () COM), + HNO, + CaNO),+ H (Q) KBr + AgNO, + KNO, + AgBr (2) Explain how a balanced equation can be ide (8) Which of the two equations ivare NOT Balance the equations) by writing, Y 13. Complete the missing componentsvanabes and yin the following reactione £2) PENO) (an) + 2KIian) + PUI{2y + 2KNO,Y) {b) Cuts) + 2AgNO (ag) -+ CU(NO,).(ag) + x15) (€) Zn(3) + H,50 Jag) + ZnSO) + Hy) Magnesium ribbon plus dilute hydrochloric acid 7 Sts 1| Crermical Reactions and Equations 3 {@) CACOYs) +. C204) + COs) Bh sas 14. State the change in colour observed in each of the following cases mentioning the reason ED [Exemplar Q.21, Pg. 5] Saxman (a) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight (8) A piece of zinc 6 dipped in ferrous sulphate solution (6) Copper powder i strongly heated in {x [Board 2023} of reactions taking place in each ses and write the balanced chemical 15, Identify the type of the follo for the reac wOeL fassium iodide (a) Zi and added to a flask Hydrogen gas is suring cylinder. The tume 1s plotted on a tes the rate of chemical EaIsAs) amount of hydrogen formed graph. The line on the graph in Teaction occurring in the [-—— Measuring cylinder Hydrogen bubbles Water 40. 30 Volume of hydrogen 20 (m2) 10 Reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric add 2 3 304 ‘Time (minutes) (1) At what time is the reaction rate the fastest in the flask? (W) The reaction is repeated with magnesium powder in Place of magnesium ribbon under the same conditions Will the reaction rate increase or decrease? Explain your answer with reference to the volume of hydrogen formed An the flask at 2 minutes, (Hi) Which of these could increase the rate of reaction in the flask? Circle "Yes! or No’ for each row Will this increase the rate of reacti Adding more acid to the flask4 Final Hustle | Science | Class 10 ating Yes No Heating the acd the flask | YeeNe Using « higher concentration of acid on a chon a 1 om urna ra wth rs a m magnum sncand urine “femal eunton show he eaten hy, Sapep sae © Mutinte choice Questions tomes flowing sateen of Ol cn (4) Teal masa el Fescans the redo (0) The numb of aan ofeach same ten and ater ashen (0) Thechemualcompononcrte (2) san nate be created nor ca chemical reaction Test tube containing, solution of Sodium sulphate Test tube containin solution of banum chloride Identity the prod; in the above reaction (A) Barium chloride (€) Sodium chioride uct which represents the soid state (2) Barium suiphate (0) Sodium sulphate sor 2004. wens Satemens hare es] 3. Which of the follo Teacton are correct? Fes) + 4H, {0 Iron metal is getting oxidised (8) Water is getting reduced (1) Water is ac LOW) + Fes) + Hyg) ting as reducing agent Ih) Water acting as oxidising agen 4A) 6) 0) and (iy (8) (i) and (ivy (6) 0) (a) and viv) (0) (and ji) ‘EB [Exemplar Q 3, p, SRE cot mat al 1 impenar taie b cemll ans Le to satisty the law of conservation of m WO rein Nia bowing casera ME eae cand, san oxidising agent, it oxi ses Fe (otros te Rg ss hs le compound and ¢ ao sersonteson arsed Questong TO ee 8M LOM CTO. se t's uso ot sameness hassertion (A) and reason (8 are true ang inv cc explanation of assertion (ay (8) Both assertion Tey mi (0) Assertion ( 5A is PROCESS in which, ‘into another chemicg Reason: Decomposition react of a single reactant into 7. ‘Dil. HClis added to 2n granules.” Hi that chemical change has taken place he response with two arguments ® Write the balanced che following reactions and ident each case (a) Thermite low will you prove re? Support your a ‘mical equations. for th, HY the type of reaction n nitrogen gas to form (€) Chlorine gas isp, Solution to form iodine. solid magnesium nitride, ‘ssed in an aqueous potassium iodide Potassium chloride solution and soli releases heat Eh [Exempiar@.30 Fe difference between a physical hange 9 (0 State one basic change and a chemical ¢ (1) Consicer "wo chemical equations with 1¥° difterent hands of arrows (tand J) along with product What do these two different arrows Indicate? ENO aa) « Nachagy + AgClis}t + NaNO,lad) FeS+ Hs > FeSO, + HSt ° 10. (a) Write two, observations when lead nitrates heat? iM atest tube ® Nate the type of reaction 1) Write a si se pe the given,n considered an exothermic reaction? 41. Wheis paplain 42. With the help Mime of the chermic (a) Change tn temperature (Fy fe) Change in Give chem of an appropriate example, justify Ft tiene are determined by I equation for the reaction involved in Ea [Board 2023) pee 43, (a) Define balanced chem t equathin be balarved (b) {Write the balanced chemical equation for the following, Samm an I equation. Why should (#) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta chloride (W) Burning of natural gas (ul) The process of respiration 14, (a) Define corrosion. {b) What is corrosion ot {e) How will you recogs (4) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem ? {e) How can we prevent corrosion of iron ? in called ? the corrosion of silve} 45, On heating blue coloured powder of copy in a boiling tube, copper oxide (black), oxygen brown gas X is formed (a) Write @ balanced chemical equation of the reac (b) Identity the brown gas X evolved {6} Identify the type of reaction. (4) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution ol the gas X7 [ES [Exemplar Q.39, Pg. 8] @ (4) 15.20 min (8) 10-15 min (©) 10min to} osmin {il)Gas A, obtained above isa reactant fo biochemical process which ‘Urs: ithe pena sunlight deny the name ofc prone PEN (A) Respiration (6) Photosynthesis (€) Teanspiration (0) Photolysis (iv) Marble statues are corroded or stained in ra Identify the main reason. Med or stained a (A) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. (8) Polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate. (€) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate. (0) Calcium carbonate dissolves in water to give calcium hydroxide. RafkinlWses © Cae Day Extoe Bem ™ gboo te om tance(s) loses it id ‘Chemical reaction > A chemical reaction is a process in which the identity and forms new substance(s) with diffe ties > Breaking of the chemical bonds and ‘of new chemical bonds : ‘causes’ a chemical reaction, new aa > The substances that take part in a chemical reaction ae called Reactants. > Thesubstances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called Products. > _Achemical reaction can be identified by either ofthe following observations: [S.No.| Characteristics Examples 1. [Change in state ‘The combustion reaction of candle waxis characterised by solid to liquid and gas. é ‘The chemical reaction between Givic acid and purple-colgured potassium permanganate solution is characterised by a change incolour from purple to colourless. 4 ‘The chemical reaction between Zincand dilute sulphuric adds characterised by hycrogen gas. Zns) + H,SO (a) > ZnS0ag) + H.7(@) The reaction between quicklime and water to form slaked lime is characterised by an increase in temperature. CaO +H,0 > Ca(OH), + Heat When an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is mixed with the aqueous solution of barium chloride, barium sulphate comes in the form of white precipitate Na,S0O, (ag) + BaCl (aq) -» BaSO,(1) +2NaClag) a change in state from 2, [Change in colour 3, _ [Evolution of gas [Change in temperature Formation of a precipitate| Chemical equations Tibia, 2016) > Achemical equation is the symbolic representation ofa chemical reaction inthe form of symbols and formulae. > Itisa way to represent the chemical reaction in a concise and informative way. > Forexample, Magnesium + Oxygen > Magnesium oxide (eacant) Prod) This equation is called word equation. > The word equation can be converted into che instead of their names 2Mg + 0, + 2MgO remical equation by writing symbols and formulae of the substance Writing a chemical equation : \d the formulae of reacting substances (reactants) are written on the left-hand side of (The symbols of elements an the equation, with a plus (+) sign between them Gi) The symbols and formulae ofthe substances formed (products) are written onthe righthand side of the equation, with a plus sign (+) between them. (iii) An arrow sign (-9) is put between the reactants and the products {iv) The physical states ofthe reactants and products are also mentioned in a chemical equationFinal Hustle | Science | Class 10 he symbols andl formulae of rea i ———— sents tant i scalequation which simply PTS gion fora reaction ws ‘Skeletal chemical equation: snow oie enemN a For example: Mg + 0, -> MgO isa skeletal equation” cioments on both sides of a chemical equation ay, Balanced Equation: The equation in which atoms of 30 Balan accdrdance withthe Law of Conservation of Mas For example aim (COG) + 2H, (@) AB CH,OH(), COfg) + HOD ER GHLOVa + 0:8 oo sh sides ofan equation is called balancing a chency ate fe came Send a wth eM FN re The process of equalizing the equation. This is known as below: (TER: Balancing a chemical equation: Step 1. Wiite the chemical equation. © step 2. Count the numberof atoms of L Element | No. of | t| Fe 2] _# aie) Bit in front oft! z i 5 z z 2 «Fe +4H,0-9Fe,Q,+ step 4. Try to equalize all the atoms of elements on both reactant and product sides by ad fit, ing coefficient in front ‘Taw af conservation of mas: Itstates that, the matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction. OR the total mass of reactants = total mass of products ‘Types of Chemical Reactions 1 Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or more reactants combine to forma single product: 8 Burning of coal Cis) + Og) + CO, (ii) Formation of water 2H,(g) + O,(g) > 2H,0(0) (Gil) CaO{8) + H,O() -» Ca(OH, (ag) + Heat (Qvicine) (Saka ie) Exothermic Reactions: Reaction in which heat is ee ‘which heat is released along with the formation of products.e-g CHG) + 2048) + CO,G) + 2H,0() + Heat (Gi) Respiration is also an exothermic reaction. GH,,O,(aq) + 60,18) > 6CO,{g) + 6H,0() + ener 1h Deomepontion Restos Ae HOD * ery ‘The reaction in which a comy i compound sph into two or more simpler substances is called decomposition reato® : AB+C (@)Thermal decomposition: When decomposition is carried out (SOY) #5 Fe,OJs) + SOg) + S0,(g) by heating. eg, (Feeoussuphate) eric onde) ‘Green okue Red-bown colour Gi) CaCOJs) H# 5 Ca0[5) + COYg) {Lime tone (Qricingyee 41 Chemical Reactions and Equations 9 {b) Electrolytic Decomposition: When decomposition isc — 2H,0() BES 241g) + Og) iscartied out by passing electricity eg, {@) Photolytic Decomposition: When decompost out ition i carried out in presence of sunlight. € {) 2AgCls) SHES 2agKs) + Ciyg) (ii) 2AgBris) YH 2Ag(5) + Brg) iothermic Reaction: The reactions whi er Endothermic : eaction: The erections which require energy in the form of hea ight or electricity to break reactants ILL Displacement Reaction: The chemical reactions in which more reactive element displaces less reactive el Pe caismanen tions in which more reactive element displaces less reactive element (Fes) + CuSO,(ag) > FeSO,(aq) + Cus) {iros)(Coppersulphat) erro sulphate)(Coppen (i) Zinc displaces copper forming, zine sulphate. Zn is more reactive than copper Za(s) + CuSO,(aq) > ZnSO,(ag) + Cuts) ge (Zinc Sulphate) ~*~ = IN. Double Displacement Reaction: A reaction in which new Spyeicy med by, mutual exchange of fons between two compounds. eg, 4 ei ~ Clog) So \ NaSO,(aq) + BaClag) > BaSO,(s) 08 (Sodium sulphate) (arium chloride) (Barium lot (Sodium chloride) White precipitate of BaSO, i formed, so, waists precision \. Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons q —_ 7 ‘concept 3: Types of decomposition reaction ‘Mnemonics: PET \ Interpretations: Photolytic reaction, Electrolytic reaction, Thermal reaction ‘Concept 2: Oxidation and reduction reaction ‘ Mnemonics: OIL RIG \ Interpretations: Oxidation Is Loss of electrons, Reduction Is Gain of electrons ‘Concept: Types of chemical reactions ‘Mnemonics: ROC.O° Interpretations: Reduction, Oxidation, Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement Concept: Preventive ways of rusting Mnemonics: POGG Interpretations: Painting Oiling Greasing Galvanising ‘Oxidation: It isa process of gaining oxygen during a reaction by an atom, molecule, or ion 2Cu +0, —M» 260 {Board, 2019} Reduction: It is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state of an atom by another atom, ion, or a molecule CuO + H,—> Cu + H,0 In this reaction, CuO is reduced to Cu and H, is oxidised to HO. In other words, one reactant gets oxidised while the other gets reduced. Such reactions are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions, Oxidation(Ch is oxidized) 0,6) +408 onc} —PNatog + Sua ran0 (iii aaesieta Reduction (Mn is reduced) Redox (Oxidation and Reduction) Reaction: A. redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction involves the transfer of clectrons between reactants. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons. [Board, 2023], Precipitation reactions: Precipitation reactions occur when cations and anions in aqueous solution combine to form an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate. 6, NaCl+ ARNO, > Agel + NaNO, ‘Precipitate)40. Final Hustle | Science | Class 10 —_ Cra — woh jo reacti 1. Reactant aur Product ka khel hai: Reactants woh jo shuru me aaa at aur products woh jo reaction ke ‘baad bante hain, Example: Magnesium + Oxygen —» Magnesium ee Equation ko balance karna zaroori hai: Hamesha atoms dono sides equal hone chahiye (Law of Conservation ‘of Mas). "Reactant ko product ke barabar lao!” . Color, gas ya temperature bade toh reaction hai: Chemical reactions ka sign: color change, gas evolve, ya temperature increase/decrease, Example: Zinc + HCI —> Gas nikalti hai (Hydrogen). i. Types yaad rakho, easy hai: ‘© Combination: 2 combine hokar 1 banate (CaO + H,O > Ca(OH). ‘ Decomposition: 1 toot kar 2ya zyada banta (CaCO, > CaO + CO) '* Displacement: Ek element duste ko hatata (Fe + SB oBR, ‘Double Displacement: Exchange hota hat @ I > BaSO, . Endothermic ya Exothermic?: ¢ Hest release hus oh eotherme ReSABSN j G ‘© Heat absorb hui toh endothermic (Phot thesis). Rody ant re Rancidity ka matlabitl ya fats kharab ho jana (oxidation). Corrosion me metals ‘Shortcut for remembering Oxidation-Reduction: Ben IG: Oxidation 1 Los (of electranshydrogen), Reduction Is gain © Oxidation - Sukhi hona © Oxygen - Sukh (© Hydrogen - Dukh xk aadmi Sukhi (oxidation) tl se dukh (hydrogen) hat jaye Reduction - Dukhi hona Ek aadmi Dukhi (eduction) tab Jeevan se sukh (oxygen) hatt jaye Jooxidise hoga wo reudcing age b ho sakta ha, jab Yaa to suk (oxygen) ald hojaye, ya jeevanAcids, Bases and Salts Substances that furnish (ions in aqueous solutions. + Sour taste + Turn blue litmus res Properties ‘ + React with metas t produce (hs) gas ¥ Acids - React with bases toform salt and water (neutralization reaction). Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HEI), Sulphuric acid (HsS0.), Acetic aid jes: ~ Viner (Rest i eK vas { “ete SIO smnentnf Grace FS “eter taste Properties: Gal T oat 2, Bases = React with acids to form salt and water (neutralization reaction). Ee Examples: Sod hydfoxde (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOK) Uses: Sodium ryan In soap manuraceuring tonic compounds formes by the neutraliaatlgn OF acids dnd bases. 3. Salts, examples: { Sodium clorde (NaC), Calcium carbonate (CACOH) Le . = Generaly crystal pic 7: Aide Scale used to measure the aciity or aera basicity of a solution. lineal > 7 Basic PH Scale La ne = Stomach acidity and antacids Importance in Every Life: <= Soll pi for egriclture “Tooth decay caused by acile substances ‘Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Bleaching Powder Ca(OCl)2 5, Important Compounds ating Soda NaliCOs (Preparation & Uses) a | washing Soe NagCOs - 10120 Paster of Pais C2804 - HO "Acids, Bases and Salts CHAPTER ST, SEES Super Ger che. Bora Empor.tant£ Questions} {SOP 2024 2. Washing soda @ Multiple choice Questions {a) Sodium hydrogen'€arbonate Iota (B) Calcium hydrogen carbonate 1. The change in colour of the moist (©) Slaked carbonate ms paper the ven se ups de (D) Soci carbonate. i [cq (i) presence of acid '3. Which of the following is (are) true when HCl (g)is (ii) presence of base passed through water? {in presence of (a) inthe solton {Te doesnot one in the solution asi cova {} presence oF lias which acts a5 an indicator compound “Moist litmus paper (li) It ionises in the solution. (ue gives both hydrogen and hydroxyl Son in he Dropper soliton: containing {whit forms hydronium ion in the solution due toe eens ‘combination of hydrogen ion with water molecule. A pair of tongs pair of tongs (a) (i) only (B) (iii) only ay (©) (i) and Gv) (D) (ii) and (iv) ie EM [Exemplar 0.27 7611 a Guard be entsnng aun conde 4. Study the diagram given below and identify the gas formed in the reaction, Thistle funnel Burning of gb witha pop sound stana— Candle Test tbe Dilute sulphuric acid Soap bubble flled with gasA Soap solution {a} Carbon dioxide which extinguishes the buming (¢) Sulphur doxde which produces a sufocatins candle (0) Hydrogen which while re , which while bi yroduces 4 POF (a) Oxygen due to which the candle busns more bright sound, ae ea 000 ad5. Consider the pH value ofthe following acidic samples 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 13 412, (a) Identify the gases evolved at the anode and SNo. ‘Sample pHa cathode in the above experimental set up. 1,__[ Lemon Juice Tianitm itd sted 22. ‘anode™ Mild ste 2._| Gastric Juice re ree | 3._| Vinegar a Jie Ly + [Ditaceticaaa 7 { The easing oder OTe Ton concentaTow: ie (i, ne consinng (a)3>4>1> (8)2>1>3>4 Hog 1,0] sodium hydrox gene? Wis ote ze Ton exchange membrane IDX [Board 2021] © Assertion-Reason Based Questions ganna Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as 4 {A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true andre (®)theconectexplanaton of acrion Al (8) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true {R)is not the correct explanation of assert {C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. (0) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true, 6. Assertion (A) : The milk when changes to curd | becomes more acidic. Reason (R) : Lesser the pH value, more is the acidic nature 7. Assertion (A): After white washing the walls, a shiny white finish on walls obtained after two to three days. Reason (R) : Calcium oxide reacts with carbon to form calcium hydrogen carbonate, which gives shiny white finish am [SOP 2021-22] 8. Assertion (A): Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as ‘an ingredient in antacids. Reason (R}: NaHCO, is a mild non-corrosive basic EH [Board 2021] a@oantad salt SATQS-+1 & IT 8. Dipti has three flasks containing dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide respectively. The flasks are not labeled and she does not have any pH indicator. {2} Which of the solutions will she be able to identify just by making mixtures of pairs of the substances. (6) What observation will help her to make this identification? Ka [CFPQ] 10. ‘Sweet tooth may lead to tooth decay’. Explain why? What is the role of tooth paste in preventing cavities? ina [SOP 2019-20] 411, Diana prepared a cake by two methods, Method (i) She added baking soda to the cake mixture and let the rmixture stand for one hour before placing it in the oven to bake Method (ji) She added baking powder to the cake mixture and let the mixture stand for one hour before Placing it in the oven to bake. State the difference in the Cake mixtures that Diana is likely to have observed before baking, Explain why. wy [SQP 2023-24] (b) Name the process that occurs. Why is it called so? (c) lustrate the reaction ofthe process with the help of a chemical equation. (ex [5QP 2023-24] ich the important eRémicals given in column (A) with given in column @). (a) Plaster of Paris () Gypsum fGa50,, 4 HO (¢) Bleaching Powder (ili) CaSO,, 2H, {d) Slaked Lime _ (iv) CaCl, Z I [Exemplar Q. 32, Pg. 15) 14, A student took a small amount of copper oxide in a conical flask and added dilute hydrochloric acid to it with constant stirring, He observed a, change in colour of the solution, fr {Ea [Board 2023] (1) Write the name of the compound formed and its (ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved 45. () Suggest a safe procedure of dikiting a strong concentrated acid (i) Name the salt formed when sulphuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide and write its pH (ui) Dey HCt gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper. Why? [Ea [Board 2023] 416. During electrolysis of brine, a gas G is liberated at anode. When this gas G' is pasted through slaked lime, 8 compound ‘Cis formed, which is used for disinfecting drinking water. (2) Write formula of 6’ and’C” (6) State the chemical equation involved. (6) What is common name of compound °C? chemical name. ive its ILS [Board 2020) 117, Whatis brine? What happens when an electric current is passed through it ? Write chemical equation for it. ER [Board 2019) LaTQs unto ond 48, A remarkable property of acids is that they can dissolve’ metals. When metals are added to an acid, they disintegrate and disappear into the acid14 Final Hustle | Science | Class 10 (3) State one other common observation when metals ‘dissolve’ in acids, Explain the reason for this observation. (b) Ifthe acid with the ‘dissolved metalis evaporated, can wwe get the metal back? Why or why not? (€)Inthisquestion the worddisolve is used within quotes. This i because it not actually an example of dissolving. ‘Whatis the MAIN difference between a metal dissolving in an acid and sugar dissolving in water? IEHICFPQ] 18. Four samples A, B, C and D change the colour of pH paper of solution to Green, Reddish-pink, Blue and Orange. Their pH was recorded as 7,2, 105 and 6 respectively. (a) Which of the samples has the highest amount/6f Hydrogen ion concentration? Arrange the four samples in the decreasing order oftheir pH. {b) Rahul found that the Plaster of Paris, which Jina container, has become very hard and lost nature. What isthe reason fr this? Also, equation to represent the reaction taking (€) Give any one use of Plaster of Paris othe than for plastering orsmoothening of was. sqU{SQP 2020-21) ommend nding chemical @ pH 20 70 80 120 Which solution(s) would liberate hydrogen gas with zine? r (A) Aonly (8) Donly (€) AandD (0) Band C 1 [Board 2021) © Assertion-Reason Based Questions oaxdad Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason ®)- Mark the corect choice (A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R)is the correct explanation of assertion (A). (6) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reese" (R) isnot the correct explanation of assertion (A). {C) Assertion (A) is true but reason {R) is false. {D) Assertion (A) s false but reason (R)is true. 4. Assertion (A) : Lower values of pH indicate higher hydrogen ion concentration, Reason (R) : Weak acids have higher pH values. I 5. Assertion (A) : Acidic and basic solutions in water 4° ot conduct electricity. Reason (R) : These soluti sn and ry a ern slton produce hydrous SATQS-Ta tt acoame 6. Why should cus yur not be kept it bes and copper ves eR 2 You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution ; is 6 and pH of solution B is 8, Which solution has Mm" 'ydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acid # Jhich one is basic? EX [Exemplar Q. 1, 75.28] 4 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why? a 9, Inoneof the industrial processes used for manufacture ofsodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed as by product. The 13 X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which isused as a bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the reactions involved a [Exemplar Q. 39, Pg. 16] 40. What is observed when 2 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to 1 g of sodium carbonate taken in a clean ‘and dry test tube 7 Write chemical equation for the reaction involved. gee Thistle funnel Stand— (cq ‘Test tube it a? acid Zine granules 4) (a) In place of ine granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube (b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken, {0 In place of zinc, copper tunings are taken. (@) Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated. no 44, Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. a @ (ase-Based Questions anton 18, Madhav took 10 g of a green salt powder in a covered. beaker. He heated the beaker for 15 minutes. Madhav noticed that the salt powder turned whitish after 15 minutes. Madhav took 10 g of a green salt powder in a covered beaker. He heated the beaker for 15 minutes. Madhav noticed that the salt powder turned whitish after 15 minutes He also found some droplets on the inner surface of the beaker cover, Madhav added a few drops of water to the whitish EM [Board 2019) 2| Acids, Bases and Salts 15 11. () Why is acidified water considered to be a good conductor of electricity? i) Write a chemical equation showing the tonic products formed on dissolving potassium hydroxide in water (ii) Care must be taken while diluting concentrated nitric acid with water. Why? 1a [Board 2023] 12, 1g of solid sodium chloride is taken in a clean and dry test tube and 2mLof cone sulphurcacidisadded tot. the sas evolved is tested first with dry and then with wet blue litmus paper, in which case will the litmus paper change colour ? Give reason for your answer. What inference can bbe drawen about the nature ofthe evolved gas? swer with chemical equation for the & cH (Board 2018) Canta gure, what would smplar Q. 43, Pg. 16] with Hydrogen gas ‘Soap solution owder. The powder turned green ® Cotten nip Be Com ayy Oe Bt Beaker Beaker Net Fs e Didute Hct ee Solston Rubber cork (0) What can be conclucled about the green salt powder from Madhav’s activity? ‘Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to mark your responses (a) Itcontains moisture (6) Iechanges colour on heating. (W) What do we call the molecules of water present in the crystals of such substances? (ii) Madhav repeated the same activity but kept the beaker uncovered. Will the results remain the same? Explain your answer. on (What would have happened if Madhav had used