SELF-PACED LEARNING
MODULE
College
INFORMATION SHEET PR-2.1.1
“Flowchart”
Flowchart
A type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the
steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows.
Used of symbols and phrases to designate the logic of how a problem is solved
A common method for defining the logical steps of flow within a program by using a
series of symbols to identify the basic Input, Process and Output (IPO’s) function within
a program.”
A two-dimensional representation of an algorithm; the predefined graphic symbols of a
flowchart are used to indicate the various operations and the flow of control
A diagram representing the logical sequence in which a combination of steps or
operations is to be performed. it is a blueprint of the program.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Flowchart
Advantages of Using FLOWCHARTS:
1. Communication: - Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of a system to
all concerned.
2. Effective analysis: - With the help of flowchart, problem can be analysed in more
effective way.
3. Proper documentation: - Program flowcharts serve as a good program documentation,
which is needed for various purposes.
4. Efficient Coding: - The flowcharts act as a guide or blueprint during the systems analysis
and program development phase.
5. Proper Debugging: - The flowchart helps in debugging process.
6. Efficient Program Maintenance: - The maintenance of operating program becomes easy
with the help of flowchart. It helps the programmer to put efforts more efficiently on
that part
Disadvantages of Using FLOWCHARTS:
1. Complex logic: - Sometimes, the program logic is quite complicated. In that case,
flowchart becomes complex and clumsy.
2. Alterations and Modifications: - If alterations are required the flowchart may require
re-drawing completely.
3. Reproduction: - As the flowchart symbols cannot be typed, reproduction of flowchart
becomes a problem.
4. The essentials of what is done can easily be lost in the technical details of how it is done.
INFORMATION SHEET PR-2.2.1
“Basic Symbols Used in Flowcharting”
SYMBOLS WHAT IT REPRESENTS
Used to signify the beginning and end of
Terminal
flowchart. (Start/Stop, Entry/Exit)
Signifies the preparation of data
Preparation / Used to select initial conditions
Initialization Used to represent instructions or group of
instructions that will alter or modify a
program’s course of execution
Shows input and output. Data are to be read
Input / Output into the computer memory from an input
device or data are to be passed from the
memory to an output device.
Processing / Performs any calculations that are to be
Process box done
Signifies any decisions that are to be done
Two alternative execution paths are possible.
Decision The path to be followed is selected during
the execution by testing whether or not the
condition specified within the outline is
fulfilled
Shows the entry or exit point of the
On-page connector flowchart
A non-processing symbol used to connect
without drawing flowlines
Conserves space by keeping related blocks
near one another, reduces the number of
flowlines in complex programs, and
eliminates cross lines from taking place
Designates entry to or exit from one page
Off-page connector when a flowchart requires more than one
page
Flowlines Signifies the process that is to be executed
next
Example of Flowchart:
How to make a cup of Tea:
Algorithm:
Step 1. Put water in kettle
Step 2. Put kettle on boil
Step 3. If water is boiled?
Put tea bag in a mug
Add water to mug
Leave 5 minute to boil
If water is not boiled?
Wait 5 sec.
Step 4. If Sugar Wanted, Add
sugar to cup, the proceed to step
5. If not proceed to step 5 also
Step 5. If Milk wanted, add milk
to cup, if not, End
Basic Control Structures
Sequence – process is executed from one to another in a straightforward manner.
Example: Design a flowchart that will accept and display a number. Write its
equivalent algorithms
Start
Algorithm:
Step 1. Read in the value of N.
Step 2. Print the value of N.
Read N
Print N
Stop
“Selection (If-then-else)/ Conditional Statement”
Selection (If-then-else) - A choice is provided between two alternatives.
A
T
C
F
Operators Commonly Used in Flowcharting
Arithmetic Operators
Operators Meaning
+ - Addition
- - Subtraction
* - Multiplication
/ - Division
Relational Operators
= - Equal
> - Greater than
< - Less than
<> - Not Equal
> - Greater than or Equal to
< - Less than or Equal to
Logical Operators
&& - AND
|| - OR
! - NOT
Examples:
1. Draw a flowchart that will input values for A and B. Compare two values inputted and
print which of the values is higher including the remark “ Higher”. Write its equivalent
algorithm.
Start Algorithm:
Step 1. Read in the value of A and B.
Step 2.Test if A is greater than B.
Step 3.If A is greater than B. A is higher. However,
Input A, B If A is less than B, B is higher.
Step 4. Print the number and the remark “Higher”
T
A>B Print A,
“Higher”
F
Print B,
“Higher” Stop
2. Draw a flowchart that will input a grade of student and determine whether the grade is
passed or failed. Print the name, grade and remarks of student. Write its equivalent
algorithm.
Algorithm:
Step 1. Initialize name and remarks into blanks.
Start
Step 2. Read in values for Grade and Name.
Step 3.Test if Grade is greater than or equal to 75.
Step 4. If Grade is greater than or equal to 75, remark
is “Passed”. However, if Grade is below 75, remark is
Name =””
“Failed”
Remarks =””
Step 5. Print the name, grade, and remarks
Grade T
Read Name,
Grade >75 Remarks = “Passed”
F
Print Name,
Remarks = “Failed” Grade, Stop
Remarks
“Repetition (Looping)”
Do – while -“this structure provides for the repetitive execution of an operation or routine
while the condition is true. The condition is evaluated before executing any process statement.
As long as the condition is true, the process is executed, otherwise, control flows out of the
structure”
F
C
Examples:
1. Construct a flowchart that will count from 1 to 10 and print each number counted using
the do-while-repetition structure. Write its equivalent algorithm.
Algorithm:
Start
Step 1. Initialize the value of C to 10.
Step 2.Test if C is less than 10.
Step 3.If C is less than 10, add 1 to the value of C,
C=0 print the value then go back to Step 2.
However, if C is greater than 10, stop
F
C < 10 Stop
T
C=C+1
Print C
Reference:Workbook in C Programming Computer Programming 1 by Paulino H. Gatpandan, Azenith M.
Rollan
SELF CHECKPR-2-1-1
Complete the table below:
SYMBOLS& Name WHAT IT REPRESENTS
Used to signify the beginning and end of
flowchart. (Start/Stop, Entry/Exit)
Signifies the preparation of data
Shows input and output. Data are to be read
into the computer memory from an input
device or data are to be passed from the
memory to an output device.
Performs any calculations that are to be done
Signifies any decisions that are to be done
Shows the entry or exit point of the
flowchart
Designates entry to or exit from one page
when a flowchart requires more than one
page
Signifies the process that is to be executed
next
STUDENT NAME: __________________________________ SECTION: __________________
PERFORMANCE TASK PR-2-1-1
PERFORMANCE TASK TITLE: Flowchart
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: The learners independently demonstrate core competencies about
Flowchart
MATERIALS:
Computer / Android phone
Applications / Software:
MS Word
Internet Browser (ex. Google Chrome, Safari, Opera)
Procedure:
A. Create a flowchart of How To take a bath?
B. Write the equivalent algorithm
PRECAUTIONS:
Undertake final inspections to ensure the program conform to requirements
ASSESSMENT METHOD: PERFORMANCE TASK CRITERIA CHECKLIST
STUDENT NAME: __________________________________ SECTION: __________________
PERFORMANCE TASK CRITERIA CHECK LIST PR-2.1-1
SCORING
CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
1. Quality of Work – the ability to follow procedures with precision and the
art, skill and finality of work
2. Speed – efficiency of work
3. Proper use of statement – the ability to apply proper statement for a
given task
TEACHER’S REMARKS: QUIZ RECITATION PROJECT
GRADE:
5 - Excellently Performed
4 - Very Satisfactorily Performed
3 - Satisfactorily Performed
2 - Fairly Performed
1 - Poorly Performed
_________________________________
TEACHER
Date: ______________________
STUDENT NAME: __________________________________ SECTION: __________________
WRITTEN WORK PR-2.1.1
WRITTEN WORK TITLE: Algorithm.
WRITTEN TASK OBJECTIVE: The learners independently demonstrate core competencies in
understand of Flowcharting.
MATERIALS:
Pen and Paper
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT:
None
ESTIMATED COST: None
A. Draw a flowchart that will compute and display the sum and average of three numbers. Write its
equivalent algorithm.
PRECAUTIONS:
None
ASSESSMENT METHOD: WRITTEN WORK CRITERIA CHECKLIST
STUDENT NAME: __________________________________ SECTION: __________________
WRITTEN OUTPUT CRITERIA CHECK LIST PR-2.1.1
CRITERIA SCORING
Did I . . .
1 2 3 4 5
1. Observe safety precautions?
2. Use proper syntax?
3. Observed correctly the output?
TEACHER’S REMARKS: QUIZ RECITATION PROJECT
GRADE:
5 - Excellently Performed
4 - Very Satisfactorily Performed
3 - Satisfactorily Performed
2 - Fairly Performed
1 - Poorly Performed
_______________________________
TEACHER
Date: ______________________
