General Computing
A Computer is an electronic device that accepts data in a prescriptive format stored, process and give
out information through input and output devices.
Accept data Process Data give out information
Memory C.P.U Auxiliary storage
INPUT DEVICES
Input devices are devices used in supplying data into the computer.
Examples:
Scanners
Keyboard
Mouse,
Camera
Joystick
Punch card
OUTPUT DEVICE
Output devices are devices used in obtaining information from the computer.
Examples:
Monitor
Speaker
Printer
projector
COMPUTER PERIPHERALS
They are many component attached to the computer whether input or output
DATA
Data is a piece of raw facts that require processing in order to obtain information. Information is the
rate of frequency for communication.
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TYPES OF DATA
S/NO Types examples
1 Alphabetic data A-Z
2 Numeric data 0-9
3 Alphanumeric data Car plate number
4 Characterized data -,+,#,!, <,>,= , *
5 Imagery data, Also known as logo, fingerprint, flier
descriptive data
6 Voice data
7 Video data
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer system is made up of three major elements
they are:
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
HUMAN WARE
Computer hardware is the first element of the computer system that can be touched of feel. They are
two categories of computer hardware:
THE MAJOR COMPONENT
THE MINOR COMPONENT
THE MAJOR COMPONENT
The major components are the part of the computer hardware that is without it computer cannot boot,
on or off. E.g memory, cpu, auxiliary storage.
THE MEMORY
it is responsible for accepting data, stored data in a temporary moment. E.g: RAM and ROM.
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (C.P.U)
it is responsible for processing data with the help of ALU which means that computer process by way of
calculation when a computer breaks data into bit
AUXILIARY STORAGE
Auxiliary storage is a storage capacity in a computer system. This unit is responsible in storing
information in a computer.
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The minor element of a computer system is any component that is attached to the computer whether
input or output
SOFTWARE
Software is the second element of a computer.
These are series of instruction code written by the computer manufacturers or computer users to drive
the physical component of computer hardware as well as solving applicable problems.
They are two types of computer software:
1. System software:
2. Application software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
These are designed by the computer manufacturers to drive the physical component of computer
hardware as well as booting, on and off the computer.
TWO TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
a) Operating system
b) Drivers
THEY ARE TWO MODE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Graphic user interface<windows>
Disk operating system<command prompt>>
TYPES OF GUI
1) Microsoft window operating system: e.g window 95, window 98, window 2000, window 2005,
window vista, window 7, window 8, window 10, window 11.
2) Linux : e.g red hart , fedora, fedora core
3) Macintosh
4) Chrome
5) Android
6) Java
TYPES OF DISK OPERATING SYSTEM
1) IOS
2) Linux disk operating system
3) Unix
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4) Microsoft disk operating system
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
They are software that is designed by the computer users to solve an applicable problem.
TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
a) Developers version
b) End user application
Developer’s software
there are software that is used by computer programmers in developing end users application
e.g php, larva, java, css, python.
End users software is any application used in solving an applicable problems or a given task .e.g
Microsoft office suite.
a) Microsoft word- documenting
b) Microsoft excel
c) Microsoft PowerPoint- presentation
d) Microsoft outlook express- control day to day activities
e) Corel draw
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HUMAN WARE
It is the third element of a computer system with the help of human to put on and off the computer.
COMPUTER ORGANOGRAM
Information Tech- Manager
Computer Computer
scientist programmers
System System
engineer manager
Business analyst
Software Hardware
engineer engineer
Database Network Software
admin engineer develope
r
Multimedia Web E-business
design design & digital
marketer
Data processors
Computer operators
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
i. Speed: it speed on NANO second with the help of micro technology
ii. Accuracy
iii. Consistency
iv. Reliability
v. Diligence
vi. Automated
vii. Memory
viii. Versatility
USES OF COMPUTER
1. Education
2. Banking
3. Religion
4. E-commerce
5. Medicine
6. Finance
7. Government
8. Manufacturing
PURPOSE OF COMPUTER
I. Special purpose
II. General purpose
GENERATION OF COMPUTER
a) Vacuum tube
b) Transistor
c) Integrated circuits
d) Micro processor
e) Artificial intelligence
