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Subroutine 8085 Microprocessor

The document discusses subroutines in the context of the 8085 microprocessor, defining them as sequences of program instructions that perform specific tasks. It explains the CALL and RET instructions used to manage subroutines, detailing their functions, parameters, and the importance of maintaining the stack pointer. Additionally, it outlines best practices for creating effective subroutines, emphasizing single entry and exit points.

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34 views5 pages

Subroutine 8085 Microprocessor

The document discusses subroutines in the context of the 8085 microprocessor, defining them as sequences of program instructions that perform specific tasks. It explains the CALL and RET instructions used to manage subroutines, detailing their functions, parameters, and the importance of maintaining the stack pointer. Additionally, it outlines best practices for creating effective subroutines, emphasizing single entry and exit points.

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sk.ngeno42
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© © All Rights Reserved
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lOMoARcPSD|17517997

Subroutine-8085 Microprocessor

Microprocessor and embedded system (APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University)

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lOMoARcPSD|17517997

SUBROUTINES

➢ Subroutine is a sequence of program instruction that performs a


specific task,packaged as a unit .
➢ This unit can be used in programs wherever that particular task is to
be performed.
➢ Sub routines may be defined with in a program or separately in
libraries that can be used by multiple programs.
➢ In different programming languages, a subroutine may be called
procedure,function,a routine,a method, or a subprogram.
➢ Generic term ‘callable unit ’ is sometimes called.
➢ 8085 has 2 instructions for delaying with subroutines;
1) CALL : Call instruction is used to transfer program sequence to
subroutine.
2) RET : Ret instruction is used to transfer the program sequence
from the subroutine to calling instruction.

1. CALL INSTRUCTION

➢ It is a 3 byte instruction.
➢ The call instruction transfers the program sequence to the memory
address given in the operand.
➢ For eg :
CALL 4000H

➢ When this instruction is fetched ,then Microprocessor knows the


next 2 memory locations contain the 16 bit subroutine address.
➢ It reads subroutine address and stores the higher order 8 bit of
address in W register and lower order 8 bit of address in Z register.
➢ Also pushes the current value of PC(Program counter) on to
Stack.(This is return address)

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lOMoARcPSD|17517997

2000 CALL 4000 H

2003

4000 H W Z Register

2. RET INSTRUCTION

➢ It is a one byte instruction.


➢ It has no parameters.
➢ RET is the instruction used to mark the end of sub-routine.
➢ RET instruction retrieve the return address from the top of the Stack.
➢ Load the PC with the return address .

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lOMoARcPSD|17517997

4000H
.
.
.
.
4012H
4013H RET

✓ Conditional CALL and conditional RET : It does its operation


based on the condition of status flag of PSW.

❖ Things to be considered in Subroutine

I. You must set the SP(Stack pointer) correctly before using CALL
instruction.
II. Donot modify the SP in a subroutine.It causes to lose return address.
III. Number of the PUSH and POP instruction used in the Subroutine
must be same.Otherwise RET instruction will pick a wrong RET
address from the Stack.

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lOMoARcPSD|17517997

❖ A proper Subroutine should be as follows ;

I. Only entered with CALL and Exited with RET instruction.


II. Should have a single entry point.
III. Donot use CALL instruction to jump into different point of same
subroutine.
IV. It should have a single exit point

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