Advanced Programming with
Scratch
Slides
• Many of these Scratch slides come from here:
– h:p://cs.harvard.edu/malan/scratch
– h:p://scratched.gse.harvard.edu/
– h:ps://courses.edx.org/courses/course-
v1:HarveyMuddX+CS002x+2T2016/course/
2
Pen
• Scratch has a secret!
• The Sprites are carrying a pen!
• You can tell it to put the pen down.
• Then when the cat moves, he draws a line!
• What happens when you do this?
• 100 pixel line (move cat to see it all)
Drawing
• When drawing it may be very helpful to do the
following:
– Clear the screen
– Move the pen back up
– Move the cat back to 0, 0
Reset Script
• A Reset Script can be very helpful
• You can do that when the space key is pressed
• You may also want the Cat to always point to the
right when you clear the script in case he gets turned
around.
Backpack
• If you want the reset script in a few files (when
creaWng shapes: square, rectangle, etc.) You can:
– Save As under File menu so you can work off exisWng code
in a new file.
– Drag it to your backpack and you will always have it! (You
can also drag Sprites or media in your backpack!)
Click on bo:om of Scratch screen
Drag code into backpack
Make a square
• I can start like this but what’s next?
Let’s do it like this first
• Duplicate:
• Double-click in Scratch and what happens?
Let’s slow it down
• Try this now!
Some concerns
• What if I want to change the size of the square
and have the Cat move 50 steps or 200 steps?
• I have to remember to change it everywhere
in all 4.
• Let’s use a loop!
Using a loop!
Pen Color
Click the box, then click
a color on your screen!
Set Pen Size
• Let’s make it thicker
Change size
• What do you think will happen now?
Can you draw a Equilateral triangle
(60-60-60) triangle?
• Let’s try it together – what should I do?
I’d like to do this!
What happened?
Exterior / Interior Angles
• What is an exterior angle?
• The sprite turns an angle which is called an Exterior
angle.
• Sum of exterior angles is 360.
• Exterior angle + interior angle = 180
• So…
• 180 – interior angle (what you want) = Exterior angle
which is the turn you should specify.
Exterior / Interior, cont.
• In a square you didn’t have to think about interior
and exterior angles because they are both equal to
90º.
• With a triangle, turn 120.
SoluWon
In Class Exercise
• Draw a Pentagon (You can work in pairs)
• AND answer this quesWon:
• How many degrees did the character turn in total
when it drew the pentagon?
• If you have extra Wme, draw these shapes and
answer the same quesWon above:
– Hexagon
– Circle
It always equals 360!
For all 3 shapes the total amount I turn is 360!
So how would I draw a Hexagon?
• Use division.
• Hexagon has 6 edges so would repeat 6 Wmes.
• What is 360 divided by 6?
• You can even have Scratch do the math for you!
• You can use this logic to draw other shapes like
an Octagon or even a circle.
Circle
• Perimeter is 360
360 X 1
• Larger Circle
• Perimeter is 540 (360 X 1.5)
Blocks
• Similar to FuncWons/methods
• Make a new block. Call it draw square.
• Now you can add the logic to draw a square
and call it whenever you want.
• Let’s try!
• Click edit – you can add input if you want the
person calling draw square to specify
something like size of square.
Create a new Block
NegaWve Steps?
• What do you think would happen if I moved
-100 steps?
Variables
• In programming, a variable is a placeholder
for some value, much like x and y are popular
variables in algebra.
• In Scratch, variables are represented with
blocks shaped like elongated circles, uniquely
labeled by you.
Variables
• Counter – let’s watch the variable change
Variables and CondiWons
What will happen in each of these cases:
MulWple IFs
What will X be in the end?
55
AND OR NOT
TRUE if BOTH are true
TRUE if EITHER are true
TRUE if what’s in diamond is FALSE
What is the value of X at the end of
this Script?
Velocity
Use a variable! – See the variable on the
Stage
Input
• We can ask our user for input!
User can enter input “Rachel”
Variable Answer
• Where is the name stored?
• Variable: Answer
Join!
• Or you can do this with a join.
Variable
Instead of input you can also create a variable:
Make a variable called name
MulWple Joins
Broadcast
• Blocks whose labels begin with "broadcast"
signal events
• whereas blocks whose labels begin with
"when" handle events.
Broadcast
• Watch my Duck/Cat Broadcast Script
• I added a Duck Sprite and flipped it to point
towards the cat’s direcWon here
Broadcast, cont.
Duck Scripts
Cat Scripts
Adding a Level
• Levels can be added. Levels are just addiWonal
backdrops.
• Can create 3 backdrops by going to paint a new
backdrop, then right-click and select duplicate.
• Set them to different colors each (use paint bucket)
• Name level1, level2
and level3
Paint a door
• Paint a new sprite door – rename it Door by
clicking on the i by the sprite.
Level code
Cat Script
• Script for Stage
Level, cont.
• If you were creaWng a game, you can keep
track of levels with a variable that gets
incremented each level.
Games
• You may want to hide Sprites (in games someWmes
they appear and reappear at random intervals.)
This work is licensed under the CreaWve Commons A:ribuWon 4.0 InternaWonal License.
To view a copy of the license, visit h:ps://creaWvecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
