Revisiting and

Modelling Functions
 The Adamsonian Prayer

Dear Lord,

Teach me the things that are important: May your special love for the Poor.
To be generous with your gifts, The mark of my uniquely Vincentian
Compassionate to those who have less, education,
Just in the face of unfair circumstances, Be the word I excel in.
True with the world’s values contradict my The standard I constantly refer to,
own, Gracious when things don’t go my And my courage when I meet you
way, someday.
And magnanimous when they do.
O Mary conceived without sin.
May nothing else matter, Pray for us who have recourse to thee.
Except faith in your goodness, my St. Vincent de Paul, pray for us.
neighbors and mine.
Hope that things can get better, Amen.
And charity that always set things right.
 Revisiting and
Modelling Functions
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. illustrate piecewise, rational, exponential, and

logarithmic functions;
2. define piecewise, rational, exponential, and
logarithmic functions; and
3. distinguish piecewise, rational, exponential, and
logarithmic functions;
True or False
1) All functions are a relation.
2) The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the
variable y can take.
3) The range of a relation is the set of possible values that the variable
x can take.
4) The diagram below is considered a function.
Relations
– is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called the range)
X Y X Y

-2
4
-3
2
9
3

f(x) = √𝒙
Relations
– is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called the range)

X Y

-3
9
-4
3 16
4

f(x) = x
Types of Relation Correspondence

One to One
One to Many
Many to One
Many to Many
Types of Relation Correspondence

One to One One to Many

X Y X Y

-2
4
-3
2
9
3

f(x) = √𝒙
Relations
– is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called the range)

X Y

-3
9
Many to One
-4
3 16
4

f(x) = x
 Functions
- is a relation where each element of in the domain related to
only one value in the range by some rule
Functions
- is a relation where each element of in the domain related to
only one value in the range by some rule

Input (X) Output (Y)

2 8
3 12
4 16
Perimeter of
the square
P = 4S
(2,8) , (3,12), (4,16)
Revisiting Functions

X Y
2 Prime
3 Prime
4 Composite
5 Prime
6 Composite
7 Prime
8 Composite
9 Composite
10 Composite

(2,Prime) , (3,Composite), (4, Composite), (5,

Prime), (6,Composite) (7,Prime) , (8,Composite) ,
(9, Composite) (10, Composite)
Types of Relation Correspondence

One to One --- Function

One to Many --- Not function
Many to One --- function
Tell Me if I am a Function or Not

X 16 16 81 256
1) Y -2 2 3 4

2)
Tell Me if I am a Function or Not

4) 1, 𝟐 , 2 3 , 4, 5 , 6, 7
Tell Me if I am a Function or Not
Tell Me if I am a Function or Not
FUNCTIONS

✓ evident in our daily life

✓ an important concept in Mathematics wherein it is necessary for

formulating dynamic relationships in the sciences

✓ the only way through which we can estimate output in math based
on the relation among one variable to another

✓ to understand the calculus concepts

Questions to Ponder:

✓ What is the relationship that exists between the two quantities

mentioned in the situations?

✓ What are the variables all about?

✓ Which can be treated as the domain? range?

✓ What is the observed pattern to be the basis of the kind of function

identified?
Why do we need to learn functions and what is their importance in our life?

Consider the four pictures above. Think of scenarios that can be associated with the
pictures and the relations that can be recognized.
 Used when we go from one place to another

Every time we ride on it, we need to pay in

exchange for the trip

JEEPNEY ? How will you know the amount that you need to
pay?

It depends on the distance covered after traveling Jeepney’s Fare Matrix

Jeepney’s Fare Matrix

Tell us the relationship of the cost of the service given the distance
covered in kilometers.

Distance covered in
Independent Variable Domain
kilometers

Dependent Variable Cost of the Travel Range

Piecewise Function
Piecewise Function

It is a function built from pieces of different functions (subfunctions) over

different intervals (subdomains).

The different functions in the situation are the different costs of travel and the different intervals are the span of
distance.

Examples of Piecewise Functions

𝑥−1 𝑥≥3
13 𝑥 ≤4
𝑓 𝑥 =
13 + 2 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 > 4 𝑓 𝑥 = 2+𝑥 −1≤𝑥 ≤3
𝑥2 𝑥 < −1
 Your Turn!
Given the table below about the approved tax policy reform program set by the current
Philippine administration from Office of the Court Administrative (OCA) Circular No. 35 of 2024,
identify the following:

The scenario and the relationship that

exists between the two quantities

Describing the domain and range to

consider to form the function (the
dependent and independent variables)
Observed pattern to be the basis of
the
kind of function identified

0 𝑥 ≤ 250,000
0.15 𝑥 − 250,000 250,000 < 𝑋 ≤ 400, 000
22,500 + 0.20 𝑥 − 400,000 400,000 < 𝑋 ≤ 800, 000
𝑓 𝑥 =
102, 500 + 0.25 𝑥 − 800,000 800,000 < 𝑋 ≤ 2, 000, 000
402, 500 + 0.3 𝑥 − 2,000,000 2,00,000 < 𝑋 ≤ 8, 000, 000
2,202, 500 + 0.35 𝑥 − 8,000,000 𝑋 > 8, 000, 000
Consider the four pictures above. Think of scenarios that can be associated with the
pictures and the relations that can be recognized.
 The speed can be thought of as the rate at which an
object covers distance.

It is a ratio of distance over time.

SPEED OF A A formula can be used to compute speed.

MOVING CAR
 SPEED OF A
MOVING CAR

The speed depends on the time to cover the fixed distance.

Independent Variable time Domain

Dependent Variable speed Range

Rational Function
Rational Function

𝑝(𝑥)
It is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑥) where 𝑝 𝑥 and 𝑞 𝑥 are polynomial
functions and 𝑞(𝑥) is not equal to zero.

Rational function forms a ratio or a fraction of two expressions.

Examples of Rational Functions

10 𝑥2 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥 2𝑥 + 3
Consider the four pictures above. Think of scenarios that can be associated with the
pictures and the relations that can be recognized.
Growth of Bacteria
Domain
The longer days that the bacteria is present in the specific
container, the population of the bacteria present in the given substance also
increases or doubles every 5 days.

Time of the Population

Independent Variable
Growth

Dependent Variable Amount of quantity Range

Exponential Function
Rational Function
𝑝(𝑥)
It is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑥) where 𝑝 𝑥 and 𝑞 𝑥 are polynomial
functions and 𝑞(𝑥) is not equal to zero.

3𝑟 + 5
𝑓 𝑥 = −2
𝑟

8
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑎
ℎ+8
𝑓 𝑥 = 6 A polynomial is a mathematical
expressions consisting of variables,
𝑥+9 coefficients, operation and non
𝑓(𝑥 =
0 negative integer exponents
 Many times, scientists will start with a certain
number of bacteria or animals and watch how the
population grows.

When a quantity increases by a fixed percentage

each time, the amount y of that quantity after t
periods is given by

Growth of Bacteria 𝑃 𝑡 = 𝑃0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Exponential Function

An exponential function with base b is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 where

b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Compare the following functions:

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2
Your Turn!

Given the diagram of a networking company, identify the following:

 The magnitude of an earthquake may depend on the
energy released by the earthquake.

In 1935, Charles Richter proposed a logarithmic

scale to measure the intensity of an earthquake.

He defined the magnitude of an earthquake as a

function of its amplitude on a standard seismograph.

Earthquake

The formula at the right produces the same results 2 𝐸

but is based on the energy released by an earthquake: 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4.40
3 10
 2 𝐸
𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4.40
3 10

Where R is the magnitude, E (in Joules), is the energy released by a very

small reference earthquake

Energy released by the

Independent Variable Domain
earthquake

Dependent Variable Magnitude Range

Logarithmic Function
Logarithmic Function

For all positive real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑏, 𝑏 ≠ 1, the inverse of exponential

function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is the logarithmic function 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 or 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥.

The definition of logarithmic function emphasizes that 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0. Thus,
logarithm is defined only for positive real numbers.
Do It Yourself!

Search for a scenario that can be considered as a piecewise function, rational

function, exponential function, and logarithmic function. Then, answer the following
questions for each scenario.

1. What relationship exists between two quantities in the situation?

2. What are the independent and dependent variables?
3. What are the observed patterns in the situation to consider it a piecewise,
rational, exponential, or logarithmic function?
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. illustrate piecewise, rational, exponential, and

logarithmic functions;
2. define piecewise, rational, exponential, and
logarithmic functions; and
3. distinguish piecewise, rational, exponential, and
logarithmic functions;
 Here
ends the
Chunk 1

Revisiting and
Modelling Functions MET 1 Lesson 1

Chunk 1