OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period, at least 80% of the students in the
class with 80% proficiency should be able to:
a. Identify the differences between a relation and a function.
b. Evaluates a functions.
c. Represent real-life situations using functions.
d. Participate actively in class discussion.
It is the set of first coordinates.
Range Domain Abscissa
It is the set of second coordinates.
Range Domain Abscissa
List down the domain and range of the given
ordered pairs.
1. {(5,9), (0,-3), (3,1), (11,7)}
Domain: {5, 0, 3, 11}
Range : {9, -3, 1, 7}
2. {(12,2), (11,3), (10,4), (9,5)}
Domain: {12, 11, 10, 9}
Range : {2, 3, 4, 5}
3. {(m,n), (q,r), (s,t), (u,v), (w,x)}
Domain: {m, q, s, u, w}
Range : {n, r, t, v, x}
Definition: A relation is a rule that relates values from
a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y).
Definition: A function is a relation where each
element in the domain corresponds to exactly one
element of the range.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that no
two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different
y-values. Using functional notation, we can write f(x)
= y, read as “f of x is equal to y.”
Functions are used whenever one variable depends on another
variable. This relationship between two variables is the most
important in mathematics.
Function Concepts -- Functions in the Real World
"The area of a circle depends on its radius."
"The amount of money Alice makes depends on the number of
hours she works."
“Max threw a ball. The height of the ball depends on how many
seconds it has been in the air.”
FOUR RELATIONSHIPS
ONE-TO-ONE
A JEEPNEY AND ITS PLATE NUMBER
A STUDENT AND HIS ID NUMBER
PEOPLE AND PASSPORT
COUNTRY AND FLAG
SPOUSAL RELATIONSHIP
FOUR RELATIONSHIPS
MANY-TO-ONE
CHILDREN AND PARENT
EMPLOYEE AND DEPARTMENT
PLAYERS AND TEAM
FOUR RELATIONSHIPS
MANY-TO-MANY
BOOKS AND AUTHORS(each book may have one or more
authors, and each author may have written multiple books.)
INGREDIENTS AND RECIPES(Each food item can be used in
multiple recipes and each recipe requires multiple
ingredients.)
DOCTORS AND PATIENTS(Each doctor sees many patients
and each patient sees many doctors.)
EMPLOYEES AND TASKS(Each employee works on many
tasks at a time while each task is being worked on by one or
more employees.)
FOUR RELATIONSHIPS
ONE-TO-MANY
MUSEUM AND WORKS
PEOPLE AND ADDRESSES
OWNERS AND PETS
FARMER AND EQUIPMENT
COMPANY AND EMPLOYEE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FUNCTION:
1. Each element in domain X must be
matched with exactly one element in
range Y
2. Two or more elements in X may be
matched with the same element in Y.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING
FUNCTION
Set of Ordered pairs
A set of ordered pairs represents a function, if no two ordered pairs
have the same first coordinate.
Example 1
Determine if {(a,x), (b,y), (1,5), (2,6)} represents a function .
Domain Range
a x
b y
1 5
2 6
Observe that no two ordered pairs have the same first coordinate. Also,
each element of the domain corresponds to a unique element of the range.
The relation is one-to-one, so the set of ordered pairs represents a function.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING
FUNCTION
Example 2
Determine if {(Philippines,Manila), (Indonesia,Jakarta),
(Thailand,Bangkok), (Indonesia,Bali)} represents a function.
Solution: Observe that indonesia is paired with jakarta and bali. An
element of the domain does not have a unique second element. The
correspondence is one-to-many; so two ordered pairs have the same
first coordinate. Therefore, the set of ordered pairs does not
represent a function. Range
Domain
Philippines Manila
Jakarta
Indonesia
Bangkok
Thailand
Bali
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING
FUNCTION
Equation or
formula
To show that the equation represents a function, we need to
demonstrate that for all possible values of x, there corresponds a
unique value of f(x).
Example 3:
Determine if f(x) = 3x2
Solution:
Assign some values for x and compute for the corresponding
values of f(x).
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING
FUNCTION
Equation or
x formula
-2 -1 1 2
f(x) 12 3 3 12
From the table, take note that an input of -2 and 2 gives an output
of 12 and an input of -1 and 1 gives an output of 3. The
correspondence is many-to-one. For every value of x, there
corresponds a unique value of f(x). Therefore, the equation f(x) =
3x2 is a function.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PRESENTING
FUNCTION
GRAPHICALLY
The Vertical Line Test - A graph represents a
function if and only if each vertical line
intersects the graph at most once.
Determine whether each of the following is a
function or not.
A. {(0,1), (2,-5), (4,-9),(6, -13)}
B. {(a, 0), (b, -1), (c, 0),(d, -1)}
C. (5,-10), (25,-75), (50, -100)
D. {(-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0,1),(-2, 2)}
Which of the following mapping diagrams represent
functions?
Which of the following can be graphs of functions?
A B
C
GUIDED QUESTIONS:
1). How will you define a function?
2). How to determine if a graph
represents a function or not?
GOODBYE CLASS!!
