ADJECTIVE

ADJECTIVE
Where do adjectives stand in a sentence?
The adjective also follows verbs that express the perception of
the senses (sense verbs) such as ‘feel, taste, look, sound, smell’:

“Do you feel tired?”

“That cake tastes delicious!”
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Proper adjectives

Proper adjectives are adjectives formed from proper nouns. In

general, proper adjectives are commonly used to say that
something is related to a specific person or place. Proper
adjectives include words such as African, Napoleonic,
and Shakespearian.

Examples : He was reading a Indian newspaper.

 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Adjective of Quality

▪ Adjective of Quality or Descriptive adjective can be defined as “An

adjective which is used in the sentence to express the size, shape, and
color of a person, thing, animal, or place”.
▪ Descriptive adjectives are used to give more information about the
noun.
▪ Examples : Good, bad.
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Proper adjective

▪ A proper adjective is a modifier that is formed from a proper

noun. Like adjectives, proper adjectives modify nouns and
pronouns.
▪ Example : American, Indian
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Adjective of Quantity

▪ Adjective of quantity shows the approximate amount of a

noun or pronoun however do not provide exact numbers.
▪ It tells the amount of noun or pronoun in relative or whole
terms.
▪ Such as; few, little, enough, all, many, half, no, great, etc.
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Numeral Adjective
▪ The numeral adjective is also called the adjective of numbers
or numerical adjective, as it is used to represent the numbers
or order of any substance or anything else in a sentence.
▪ For example:
• One, two, three, four, twenty, thirty three, etc are known
as cardinals.
• First, second, third, fourth, seventh, tenth, etc are known
as ordinals.
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Demonstrative Adjective

▪ A demonstrative adjective is a special adjective (often called

a determiner) that identifies a noun or pronoun by expressing
its position as near or far (including in time).
▪ The demonstrative adjectives are 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and
'those.'
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Distributive Adjective

▪ A distributive adjective is an adjective that is generally used

to distribute a particular group as an individual and is used
with a singular noun, respectively.
▪ Each, every, neither, and either are some distributive
adjectives.
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Interrogative adjective

▪ We can define interrogative adjective as “Interrogative

Adjectives are adjectives which modify a noun (like all
adjectives do) and also ask a question.”
▪ Following words are used as interrogative adjectives:
What Whose Where
Why How Which
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Possessive adjective

▪ The possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its,

our, their, and whose. A possessive adjective sits before
a noun (or a pronoun) to show who or what owns it.
 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
Proper adjective Adjective of quality Adjective of quantity
(Indian, Japanese) (good, bad, hot, poor) (much, less, some, little, enough)

Numerical adjective Demonstrative Adjective Distributive Adjective

(one, two, four, first second) (This, that, these, Those) (each, every, either, Neither)

Interrogative adjective Possessive adjective

(Whose, Which, What) (My, his, her, their, your)
 Positive Degree

This are general adjectives, these are used to

state quality, these are not used for any
comparison.

➢ Kolkata is a big city.

 Comparative Degree

This degree of an adjective denotes a higher

degree of the quality than the positive and is
used when two things are compared.

➢ Kolkata is bigger than Raghunathpur.

 Superlative Degree

This degree denotes the highest degree of the

quality and is used when one thing/ person is
compared to all other things/ persons.

➢ Kolkata is bigger city of W.B.

Bold Bolder Boldest
High Higher Highest
Noble Nobler Noblest
Hot Hotter Hottest
Strong Stronger Strongest
 IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES AND STATE THEIR KIND.

1 This town has withstood many fierce battles.

 IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES AND STATE THEIR KIND.

2 I write every day in my little blue diary.

 IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES AND STATE THEIR KIND.

3 Which band member do you like more?

 IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES AND STATE THEIR KIND.

4 I am not going to buy these shoes.

 IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES AND STATE THEIR KIND.

5 This palace was built in the 19th century.

 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH DEGREE

6 My sister has ……………………….. voice in my family.

(a) Sweet
(b) The sweetest
(c) Sweetest
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH DEGREE

7 Which is ……………………….. bird in the world?

(a) The large

(b) The larger
(c) The largest
 RULES OF ADJECTIVES
RULE 1
An adjective becomes a noun when ‘the’ is
used before it.
EXAMPLES

❑ The poor are not always dishonest.

❑ The good is chosen by everyone.
 RULES OF ADJECTIVES
RULE 2
Generally we use the conjunction ‘than’ after the
comparative form of adjective but there are some
Latin adjectives after that we use ‘to’ instead ‘than’.
EXAMPLES

❑ Ram is junior to me by two years.

❑ This saree is superior to that.
 RULES OF ADJECTIVES
RULE 3
We can not use double comparative and double
superlative in a sentence.

EXAMPLES

❑ He is more taller than any other boy (x)

❑ He is taller than any other boy. (√)
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
SOME/ANY
▪ Some is use in ( + ve)sentence
▪ Any is use (-ve) sentence.
▪ Or also to ask question Or in the sense of every.

Example : I have some problems. (√)

I do not have any problem (√)
Do you have any problem?
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
USE OF FEW/LITTLE ▪ Few = few (Negative sense)
▪ A few= something
▪ The few = Some but definite
▪ Little = Little (Negative sense)
▪ A little (something)represent quantity
▪ The little (some but definite)

Example :
There is nothing to see, so few tourist come every year.
I have taken a few sips, so there is still a little water in the glass.
I gave him the few books which I bought yesterday.
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
USE OF FEW/LITTLE ▪ Few = few (Negative sense)
▪ A few= something
▪ The few = Some but definite
▪ Little = Little (Negative sense)
▪ A little (something)represent quantity
▪ The little (some but definite)

Example :
There is nothing to see, so few tourist come every year.
I have taken a few sips, so there is still a little water in the glass.
I gave him the few books which I bought yesterday.
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
ELDER/OLDER
Older/Oldest (is used persons and things) (not blood relation)

Old, oder, oldest

Be respectful to the older number of the team.

 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
ELDER/ELDEST
▪ Is used for person only in the case of blood relation.
▪ It refers to age only

Ex: His elder brother always guide him.

 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
FARTHER/ FURTHER
Farther means more distant (farther/farthest/ further means
additional )

Ex: Chennai is farther from Delhi than Hyderabad.

She made no further remarks.

( further means additional )
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
LATER / LATTER
Later - Opposite to earlier

Ex: He is later than I expected.

Latter- The second one between two persons or things.

Ex: The latter chapter of this story is very interesting.

 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
LAST/LATEST
Latest means recent.
Last means last of all.
Latest show on television.
Last ruler of Mughal.
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
NEXT/ NEAREST
Nearest – means shortest distance.
Next: position
Near : in front
My shop Is next to the tent house.
I go to the nearest hospital
 SOME CONFUSING ADJECTIVES
ALL / BOTH/ WHOLE
Place ‘the’ after ‘all’ and ‘both’ when used as adjective for plural
but the is used before a whole.

Ex: All the students were present (√)

Both the boys left soon (√)
The whole country is suffering from corona pendemic. (√)

Place Possessive case after ‘All’ ad both .

Ex: Both my friends are honest (√)
 THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Size > Shape > Age > colour > Nationality

Ex: Twenty year old white Indian Tiger.

A small Indian stadium.

A big round black Indian plastic table.

Her long black hair.
 USE OF LATIN ADJECTIVE
1. Junior, Senior, Inferiors, Prior, Anterior, Posterior, Go with ‘to’ not ‘than’.

Example : She is senior to me.

2. Adjective preferable go with comparative degree. (to / rather)

Example : This is preferable to that.

 ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVE
Absolute Impossible
Eternal Ideal
Chief Universal
Circular Unique No Comparison
Round Extreme
Triangular Total
Whole Right
Wrong

He is the most perfect man ×

 Use of ‘That of’/ ‘Those of’
✓ The price of this book is as much as that book.
✓ The price book is as much as the price of that book.
✓ The price of this book is that of that book.

✓ The books of this shop are as beautifully arranged as that shop.

✓ The books of this shop are as beautifully arranged as those of that
shop.
 Use of ‘That of’/ ‘Those of’
✓ The climate of Chennai is hotter than Delhi.
✓ The climate of Chennai is hotter than the climate of Delhi.
✓ The climate of Chennai is hotter than that of Delhi.
 Parallel Increase / Decrease
The + Comparative Degree + Sub + Verb

The more I study, the less I learn.

The higher we go, the cooler we feel.
The older I get, the happier I am.
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

1 The higher(a)/ we go cooler(b) /we feel.(c)/ No error(d)

 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

2 The older I get,(a)/ the happier (b)/am I. (c)/ No error(d)

 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

3 Rahul and Sahel are(a)/ intelligent but the first is more

intelligent(b)/ than the last. (c)/ No error(d)
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

4 Indira Gandhi (a)/was the first(b)/ prime minister of

India.(c)/ No error(d)
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

5 Gandhiji was the (a)/first leader (b)/of his time.(c)/ No

error(d)
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

6 Rahul, Sahel and Deepak (a)/are intelligent but (b)/the

former is more intelligent(c)/ than the last.(d)/ No
error(e)
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

7 Radha’s three children (a)/Tom, Dick and Harry are (b)/

talented, but the latter excels the other two.(c)/ No
error(d)
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH ADJECTIVE

8 Bala’s two brothers Rakesh and Bikash are (a)/very

intelligent and hardworking (b)/ but I am sure I like the
latter more.(c)/ No error(d)
 ARTICLES
“We may encounter many defeats
but we must not be defeated”

▪ KINDS
▪ RULES OF ARTICLES
▪ PRACTICE SET
 ARTICLES
What are Articles?

❖An article is a word that combines with a

noun to indicate the type of reference being
made by the noun.
❖An article is sometimes called a noun
marker also.
 ARTICLES

Definite (The) A definite Article Particularize the

noun

Indefinite (A/An) An indefinite Article does not particularize

the noun.
 ARTICLES
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
A and An are indefinite articles. They are only used
before a singular countable noun. Indefinite articles do not point out any
particular person or thing.
EXAMPLE I read a book. (any book)
Ind. Art. Sing. Count.
Noun
We saw an animal (any animal)
Ind. Art. Sing. Count.
Noun
 ARTICLES
DEFINITE ARTICLES
The is called the definite article. It is used to point to
some particular person or thing.

EXAMPLE The boy who scored 99 percent.

Def. Art. Particular boy

The girl who became Miss India.

Def. Art. Particular boy
OMISSION OF ARTICLE
 OMISSION OF ARTICLE / ZERO ARTICLE
The Articles are not generally used before the following.
1. Before Proper nouns :
Ex : Delhi is the capital of India.
Newton is a great scientist.
Note : When the article is used before a proper noun. Its become a common noun. Ex : A
Newton cannot be a Milton.

2. Before material noun :

Ex : Gold is precious metal.
Iron and steel are useful metals.
Note : The is used before a material noun. When it particularized.
Ex : The coal of Jharia burns well.
 OMISSION OF ARTICLE / ZERO ARTICLE
The Articles are not generally used before the following.
3. Before abstract noun :
Ex : Health is wealth.
Honesty is the best policy.
Note : The is used before an abstract noun when it is pacified.
Ex : The kindness of Vidhyasagar has become a proverb.

4. Before school, college, church, bed, market, hospital, prison – when these places are
visited for their primary purpose.
Ex : We go to school.
Note : When this place are visited for any other purpose the article is used.
Ex : I went to the school to see the headmaster.
 OMISSION OF ARTICLE / ZERO ARTICLE
The Articles are not generally used before the following.
5. Before man, women, nature, death (in deep thought).
Ex : Man is mortal.
Death is undeniable true.
Note : Before the names of games.
Ex : We like to play football/cricket/ hockey/tennis etc.

6. Before a name of meals.

List of meals : Breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner, brunch (when we take breakfast at the
time of lunch). –

Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, dinner like a beggar.

 OMISSION OF ARTICLE / ZERO ARTICLE
The Articles are not generally used before the following.
7. Before season and festivals :
Ex : Winter is the best time for picnic.
Diwali is celebrated in India.

8. Before languages :
Ex : I learned Japanese in within a year.
 OMISSION OF ARTICLE / ZERO ARTICLE
The Articles are not generally used before the following.
9. Before plural noun : Use to denote a class.
Ex : Books are our best friend.

10. Before certain phrases :

List of Phrases :

To catch fire To take root To give year To set sail

To lose heart At home At dinner At dawn
At daybreak At sunset At noon By day
By night By water By river By bus
By train On foot By boat At sunrise
SPOT THE ERROR
1 (a) The loss of jobs/ (b) is regarded by some as
an necessary evil/ (c) in the fight against
inflation./ (d) No error.
2 (a) It is a/ (b) quarter to ten/ (c) by my watch./
(d) No error.
3 (a) Gita doesn’t usually/ (b) wear jewellery but
yesterday/ (c) she wore ring./ (d) No error.
4 (a) The police asked us/ (b) about our
movements/ (c) on a night of crime./ (d) No
error.
5 (a) In science the credit goes to a man/ (b) who
convinces the world,/ (c) not to the man to
whom the idea first occurs./ (d) No error.
6 (a) It is only after/ (b) the match is over/ (c) that
people realize/ how exciting it is./ (d) No error.
7 (a) Of the two/ (b) sisters, she/ (c) is better./ (d)
No error.
8 (a) It is unfortunate enough/ (b) to lose few
friends we make/ (c) during our school days./
(d) No error.
9 (a) There were a number of intelligent
gentlemen at the party/ (b) but it was Mr.
Subramaniam, an eminent scientist,/ (c) who
remained a centre of attraction./ (d) No error.
10 (a) I have been/ (b) informed that/ (c) Mr.
Sharma, the director and the chairman will visit
Patna the following month./ (d) No error.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
11 I want ________ apple from that basket.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
12 _________Church on the corner is progressive.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
13 Miss Lin speaks __________ Chinese.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
14 I borrowed ___________ pencil from your pile of
pencils and pens.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
15 John likes to play ________ volleyball.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
16 I bought ________ umbrella to go out in the rain.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
17 My daughter is learning to play ______ violin at
her school.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
18 Please give me ________ cake that is on the
counter.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
19 I lived on _______ Main Street when I first came
to town.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
20 My husband's family speaks ______ Polish.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
21 _________apple a day keeps the doctor away.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
22 __________ink in my pen is red.

(a) A
(b) An
(c) The
(d) Zero Article
RCA EDUCATION
 ADVERB
Adverb is a word which generally qualifies a
verb, an Adjective, a preposition, a
conjunction and Another adverb, except a
noun, pronoun and an interjection.
 ADVERB
❖When you use an Adverb to define the specialty
of a verb.
✓She sings sweetly.
EXAMPLE Verb adverb

✓He speaks fluently.

Verb adverb
 ADVERB
❖To define the specialty of an Adjective.

EXAMPLE ✓Sima is a very good girl.

Adverb Adjective
 ADVERB
❖To define the specialty of an adverb.
EXAMPLE
➢Koushik Sir writes very swiftly.
Adverb Adverb
 Look at the Examples

1) The boy writes slowly.

2) Rahim is very intelligent.
3) Anupam sings very sweetly.

Adverb –
An adverb describes a verb, adjective and
another adverb.
 ADVERB OF TIME which show when

Examples:-

She met me yesterday.

 RULES OF MPT
ADVERB OF PLACE which show where

Examples:-

a) Come here.
b) Go there.
 ADVERB OF MANNER which show how
Examples :-

a) He works hard.
b) The soldier fought bravely.
 ADVERB OF FREQUENCY which show how often

Examples:-

a) He hardly reads.
b) Barking dog seldom bite.
c) I always help you.
d) He never helps me.
 CORRECT THE SENTENCES

a) She come always to my house.

b) He helps me never.

c) Ratan is always making the same mistake.

 FOLLOW THE RULES OF MPT
Correct the sentence:-

a) The girl sang beautifully last night there.

b) Come at 8 o’clock to my house.

c) They last Saturday went to my house.

d) He spoke loudy yesterday to Kolkata.

e) The boy comes always in the afternoon to my office.

❑ He is always happy.
❑ She never watches any movie.
❑ She sang perfectly at the party.
❑ He works hard.
❑ He ran fast enough to win the race.
❑ Prem writes very swiftly.
❑ Only they can allow you.
❑ The judge was absolutely right,
❑ She sings sweet.
❑ He speaks fluently.
I _______ go to bed at 10 o’clock.

a) Once
b) Ever
c) Usually
I have ______ been to the USA.

a) Ever
b) Never
c) once
I have been to Australia just ________.

a) One
b) One’s
c) once
I ________ take a bath before I go to bed.

a) Once
b) Always
c) ever
My grandparents live in Kerala. I visit them _________.

a) Once
b) Often
c) always
My friends are ______________ non-smokers.

a) Most
b) Mostly
c) Usually
I was ________ impressed with her performance.

a) Too
b) Such
c) very
I ______ go for a walk in the park.

a) Some time
b) Sometime
c) sometimes
I watch English films _________ .

a) Once
b) Always
c) occasionally
They __________ go out.

a)Rare
b)Once
c)rarely
Come here ____________ you have to
see this!

a) Quick
b) Quickly
c) quicks
We knew that she had got the job when we
saw her ____________ talking on the phone.

a) Excited
b) Exciting
c) excitedly
 He ____________ put the vase on
the table. It fell to the floor.
a) Care
b) Careless
c) Carelessly
 Swarup is throwing a party on Saturday. He
____________ finished his Civil Service
Journey.

a) final
b) finally
c) Completely
 Let’s walk ____________ I don’t want to be
the first one at the meeting.

a) Slow
b) Slowly
c) Slower