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Networking Basics

A network is a collection of interconnected devices that facilitate communication and resource sharing. Common types of networks include LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN, each serving different geographic areas. Networks can be structured as server-based, client/server, or peer-to-peer, and utilize various topologies, media, hardware, and protocols for communication.

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12 views3 pages

Networking Basics

A network is a collection of interconnected devices that facilitate communication and resource sharing. Common types of networks include LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN, each serving different geographic areas. Networks can be structured as server-based, client/server, or peer-to-peer, and utilize various topologies, media, hardware, and protocols for communication.

Uploaded by

muhammadkamran3980
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Networking Basics

Definition: A network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share
resources.

Uses of Networks

1. Simultaneous Access: Multiple users can access the same files, applications, and resources
simultaneously.

2. Shared Peripheral Devices: Devices like printers and scanners can be shared across the
network.

3. Personal Communications: Networks enable communication through emails, messaging


apps, and video conferencing.

4. Easier Data Backup: Centralized storage makes data backups more manageable and
efficient.

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Common Types of Networks

1. LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a home or office.

2. WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large areas, such as cities or countries.

3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or a large campus.

4. PAN (Personal Area Network): For personal devices within a small range.
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How Networks are Structured

Server-Based Networks: Have dedicated servers that manage resources.

Client/Server Networks: Clients (user devices) request services from servers.

Peer-to-Peer Networks: All devices have equal status and share resources without a central
server.

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Network Topologies and Protocols

1. Network Topologies:

Bus: Single central cable connecting all devices.

Star: Devices connected to a central hub.

Ring: Devices connected in a circular fashion.

Mesh: Devices are interconnected.

2. Network Media:

Wired (Ethernet cables)

Wireless (Wi-Fi)

3. Network Hardware:

Routers, switches, hubs, NIC (Network Interface Cards).

4. Protocols: Rules that govern network communication, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
5. OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model):

Seven Layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

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