March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative
Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan
Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog
Sophie A. Tulabot
John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Student Researchers
Mrs. Mae Bañaria-Racelis
Reseacrh Adviser
Febuary - April
2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
ABSRTACT
Pots were widely accepted as a popular and effective instrument for enhancing
our environment. We can grow flowers, vegetables, and other things that enhance our
life with the use of pots. This research delves into an innovative solution for
combating the global plastic waste crisis by repurposing everyday materials into
recycled pots. By utilizing discarded items like eggshells, coconut husks, and old
flower pots, we aim to offer a sustainable option for gardening while simultaneously
reducing landfill waste. The primary objective of this study is to develop eco-friendly
alternatives to traditional plant pots that are both acceptable and beneficial to local
communities. By fostering a culture of sustainability and responsible consumption, we
seek to make a positive impact on the environment while supporting the needs of
individuals and communities alike. This research will not only benefit us but also our
own planet. Recycled materials offer a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for
creating alternative flower pots. Using the Multi-group Design, we’ve test how the
pots we had make usually are capable in the durability and hardness to make an
alternative flower pot that people usually consume. The results we can also see that
our research is effective because the regular pot breaks into more pieces than our pot,
the coconut husk helped the pot to be firm and durable because it serves as the
connector for the cement, but it might be also the cause for the pot to be easily break.
This study provides information on the different properties of eggshells and coconut
husk as potentially alternative pot. The newly produced eco-friendly pot provides
cheaper and providable materials making it more affordable to consumers.
Key-terms: coconut, fiber, egg shells, natural wastes
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Literature Review --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Methodology
Location and Duration of the Study ---------------------------------------------------------8
Research Design--------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Process Flow Chart ----------------------------------------------------------------------------9
Gathering of Materials ------------------------------------------------------------------------9
Preparation of the Materials------------------------------------------------------------------11
Pulverizing Eggshells--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Peeling of Coconut Husk ---------------------------------------------------------------------12
Measuring the Variables ----------------------------------------------------------------------13
Testing the Product ----------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Risks and Safety -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Data gathering and statistical analysis ------------------------------------------------------21
Results and Discussion ----------------------------------------------------------------------23
Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------25
Acknowledgments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Bibliography -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
INTRODUCTION
One of the things that makes our country great is its abundant natural
resources, among them being highly prospective indigenous materials found in the
Philippines. Yet, it’s mainly from eggshells and coconut husks that we get to know
how versatile these are. In fact, they form a vital part of our daily life due to their
protective function for eggshells and numerous human benefits of coconut husks
which further provide scope for innovation. Another possible way to look at
sustainable materials is through substitution wherein industrial or municipal waste
streams often come in handy as substitute materials. For instance, one such innovative
practice involves the use of powdered eggshells instead of cement during production
of concrete. This helps to address the problem associated with disposal of eggshell
waste which usually comes from homes as well as landfills’ sites while at the same
time enhances concrete features
As we all know, pots are a great use to improve our own environment, these
pots are used for planting flowers, vegetables and many others that we humans can
benefit with, so we have come up of an idea, due to increasing rate of plastic waste
crisis that not only on the Philippines experience but also the whole world, plastic
waste increases the greenhouse gasses that made our own planet to be warmer and
also experience climate change, we can somehow contribute to our own planet by
making a recycled pot by recycled materials, we can make pots just from craps and
discarded things that we use on our everyday lives. This innovative approach not only
reduces waste in landfills but also promotes creativity and resourcefulness in
gardening and home decoration. We also conducted this research to find out if mixing
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
grinded eggshells and peeled coconut husk can be effective in forming a good quality
pot to be used on our daily lives and planting plants that emits oxygen that we humans
need on our daily lives. Can the mixed coconut husk and pulverized egg shell form a
good flower pot. there a significant difference between mixed coconut husk and
pulverized eggshell pot and commercially available ceramic pot in terms to the
durability, size and apperance. Determine and compare mixed pulverized eggshells
and coconut husk fiber with the commercially available ceramic pot to its texture and
durability, and provide an eco-friendly product to support locals and the environment
to avoid consumption issues within the community. Enables the null and alternative
hypotheses if there is a significant difference within the commercially available
ceramic pot to the pulverized eggshell and coconut husk as alternative flower pot.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Eggshells
Figure 1. Eggshells
Photo taken by: John Wilmarc Gutierrez, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
A significant amount of shell residue is produced during the industrial
manufacturing of chicken eggs; this residue is either discarded or used as an additive
in agriculture. Even though egg shells are rich in minerals and amino acids that may
serve as the foundation for numerous enterprises, they are generally regarded as
having no commercial worth. Information regarding the potential technological
applications of egg shell protein membranes and minerals was evaluated in this study.
Applications
For this material could be as low-cost as fertilizer and animal feed, or as high-
cost as materials for human consumption, heavy metal absorption, paper treatment,
biodiesel production catalysts, hydrolyzed or concentrated protein production, bone
and dental implants, and more.
Coconut Husk Fiber (Cocos Nucifera) Table 1.0 Taxonomy of Coconut (Cocos
Nucifera)
Common Name Coconut
Kingdom Plantae
Family Arecaceae
Figure 2. Coconut Husk Fiber (Cocos Nucifera) Order Arecales
Photo taken by: John Wilmarc Gutierrez
Genus Cocos
METHODOLOGY Specie Cocos Nucifera
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Location and Duration of the study
The experiment of our study or research were done at Barangay San Agustin,
Zone 1 Macopa Street, Iriga City from Febuary 18, 2024 to March 27, 2024. The
testing was done in the same location by drop testing at March 30, 2024.
Research Design
Using the Multi-group Design, we’ve test how the pots we had make usually
are capable in the durability and hardness to make an alternative flower pot that
people usually consume. The possible combinations of factor levels can be
investigated in each replication of the pots and the controlled group (normal ceramic
pot) and also to identify the main effects and the interactions of the different pots
among the different measurements.
Independent Variable Pulverized eggshells, peeled coconut husk
Dependent Variable Usability and quality of the pot,
texture/durability of the product
Controlled Variable Sizes of the Pots, Thickness of the pots
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
A. Gathering of materials
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
All the materials are gathered throughout this study from houses, eatery and
local farms. This research study can economically help the community and
environment.
Figure 3. Egg shells
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
Figure 4. Coconut Husk
Photo taken by: John Wilmarc Gutierrez, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 5. Cement
Photo taken by: John Wilmarc Gutierrez, 2024
B. Preparation of the Materials
From gathering the materials from local places, we’ve started in cleaning and
sanitizing the eggshells based after using the yolks and generally picking coconut for
its husk or fiber from buying them in poultries or public eateries.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 6. Sanitizing egg shells
Photo taken by: Sophie Tulabot, 2024
C. Pulverizing egg shells
In pulverizing the egg shells, we used mortar and a blender to access the better
quality of the pulverized eggshells. We used safety equipments such as gloves and
face masks.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 7. Pulverizing of egg shells
Photo taken by: Sophie Tulabot, 2024
D. Peeling of coconut husk
Doing the process in peeling the fiber or the husk, we use the claw end of a
hammer to separate the fibers and cut it in half. The fabricated part or the coconut
husk known as the “copra” is our bio-wastes and it’s the one we used as the another
variable to carry out the pot‘s durability.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 8. Peeling of Coconut Husk
Photo taken by: Sophie Tulabot, 2024
E. Measuring the amount of pulverized eggshells, peeled coconut husk and
cement in grams
To perfectly measure the pulverized eggshells, peeled coconut husk and
cement, we measured them pot by pot to compare the different measurements of the
pots (eggshells, cement and husk). First measurement has 500g of pulverized
eggshells, 498.5g of cement and 1.5g of husk, second measurement has 700g of
eggshells, 296g of cement and 4g of husk, and for the third measurements there are
400g of pulverized eggshells, 595g of cement and 5g of husk.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 9. Measuring pulverized egg shells in grams, pot 1 (500g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
Figure 10. Measuring cement in grams, pot 1 (497.5g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 11. Measuring peeled coconut husk in grams, pot 1 (2.5g)
Photo taken by John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
Figure 12. Measuring pulverized egg shells in grams, pot 2 (700g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 13. Measuring cement in grams, pot 2 (296g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
Figure 14. Measuring coconut husk in grams, pot 2 (4g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 15: Measuring pulverized egg shells in grams, pot 3 (400g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
Figure 16: Measuring cement in grams, pot 3 (595g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney Dalupan, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 17: Measuring peeled Coconut husk in grams, pot 3 (5g)
Photo taken by: John Vianney. Dalupan, 2024
F. Testing the product
To test the product pot’s durability, hardness and the ability to use it as a better
quality pot, to achieve the best pot to relay on our resilient planting or replanting. The
pots were tested on a concrete floor by a drop test from 4ft constant height in all of the
different pots observed.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 18: Drop test result of pot 1, (4ft)
Photo taken by: Marrione Jheshia Laniog, 2024
Figure 19: Drop test result of pot 2, (4ft)
Photo taken by: Marrione Jheshia Laniog, 2024
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Figure 20: Drop test result of pot 3, (4ft)
Photo taken by: Marrione Jheshia Laniog, 2024
Risk and Safety
Doing the experiment of the study includes safety that conclude harm and
danger. For us researchers or people that are included to this experiment, risk may
encountered. To avoid the causes of bruises and stitches, we used gloves and mask
during the pulverizing of the eggshells and a help of a supervised parent to do the
peeling of the coconut husk.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
Data Gathering and Statistic Analysis
The hardness, durability, and acceptability of each pot is compared to the
control group (ordinary ceramic pot). The result is analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
The one-way ANOVA analyzed the variance. It is used to investigate that variations
of different levels are affecting the different dependent variables.
Table 2. Ratings of durability
VERY DURABLE 5
DURABLE 4
SLIGHTLY DURABLE 3
FAIRLY DAMAGED 2
DAMAGED 1
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
III
Results And Discussion
RESULTS
The results indicated that forming a pot using grinded egg shells and peeled
coconut husk is effective, it creates a pot that has a high durability, but if the pot that
we made has more amount of peeled coconut husk it did not form a durable pot. In
line with the hypothesis we can say that the grinded egg shells and peeled coconut
husk pot that had been created does had an effect, mixing these two created a durable
pot that we can rely on but mixing a large amount of peeled coconut husk affected the
pot, it made the pot less durable and can be easily break. Egg shells and coconut husk
does created a pot that is durable.
HEAVILY DAMAGED
MODERATELY
SLIGHTLY DAMGED
POT 1 POT2 POT3 ORDINARY CERAMIC POT
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
We can see in this graphical presentation that putting a slight amount of
coconut husk and also using the right amount of eggshells and cement is effective in
creating a durable pot. Because in the pot3 we used a lot of coconut husk so the result
is not that effective however on the pot1 and pot2 there is only a few amount of
coconut husk and the results are effective.
Table 3. Results of the based pots
Treatment 1 4 4 4
Treatment 2 4 4 4
Treatment 3 1 1 1
Controlled 1 1 1
Anova: Single Factor Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Row 1 3 12 4 0
Row 2 3 12 4 0
Row 3 3 3 1 0
Row 4 3 3 1 0
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F p-value F crit
Between Groups 27 3 9 65535 #DIV/0! 4.066181
Within Groups 0 8 0
Total 27 11
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
The one-way ANOVA was used to compute the difference between the
treatment and control variable based on their results on their durability by using the
table 2 to see their differences.
DISCUSSION
Based on our research we can say that mixing eggshells in forming a pot has a
great effect because eggshells has a lot of compounds that can help cements form
harder than usual. Furthermore these material’s biodegradability might help the
sustainable gardening methods and lessen the amount of plastic trash generated. As
we reduce waste and use recycled material, because of increasing problem because of
waste we can contribute by simply using recycled materials and avoiding plastics
instead use items that will be just going into the trash can. The concept of green
nanotechnology is considered as a versatile tool for the development of valuable
products. (Kaur, 2024). An innovative perspective on using agricultural waste to
create functional nanoparticles for industrial and biological applications: a review
Navpreet Kaur Talanta, 125114, 2023 Burning agricultural waste residue results in air
pollution, global warming, and deadly consequences. To get around these issues,
turning agricultural waste into nanoparticles (NPs) lowers industrial costs and
increases environmental sustainability. Green nanotechnology is thought to be a
flexible approach (Kaur, 2024)..According to our research, the rate of plastics waste
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
are
greatly increasing, so we came up from these idea to help reduce this waste by
using recycled materials. We highly recommend that don’t put that much
peeled coconut husk because it will make your pot easily destroyed, we also
recommend that don’t use quail eggs or also known as “pugo” because it’s hard to
pulverized or grinded and also put the mixed pulverized eggshells, coconut husk and
cement evenly. The automotive industry is growing at a rapid pace these days, and all
of them are working to supply cars at low cost. Body parts are the most expensive
automotive components, and according to the European Union and Asian countries,
the end of an automotive component's life is a crucial consideration in the design of
the vehicle. As a result, everyone is focusing on developing new materials that will
be strong enough, lightweight, recyclable, and affordable (Kaur, 2024).
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
CONCLUSION
Based on the results and findings of our research, we therefore concluded that
using eggs and peeled coconut husk is effective. The first measurement is
effective and it only receives the least amount of damage, the second
measurement is also effective and receives moderate damage, and the last
measurement is not effective and it is easily destroyed when its dropped, the third
measurement has more amount of coconut husk than the other measurements, so
we concluded that the more amount of coconut husk might affect your product,
we can also see that our research is effective because the regular pot breaks into
more pieces than our pot, the coconut husk helped the pot to be firm and durable
because it serves as the connector for the cement, but it might be also the cause
for the pot to be easily break.
The effectiveness of the mixed pulverized eggshells and coconut husk is effective
through the durability, appearance and size of the pots due to its acceptability and
hardness, but there’s always a significant difference between the mixed
pulverized eggshells and coconut husk as alternative pot to the commercially
available ceramic pot in form of its formation and texture, it’s very different
because of its creation and how it was created.
The base of the pots are the same but it differs in the process of how it was
formed and made. Therrefore, the null hypothesis is rejected that the alternative
hypothesis is accepted hence there is a significant difference between the
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
commercially available ceramic pot to the based made pulverized eggshells and
coconut husk as a material for flower pot.
RECOMMENDATION
As the researchers are conducting the experiment, the use of the coconut husk
must lessen because it might affect the hardening of the pot.
We recommend that don’t use quail eggs also known as “pugo”.
Place the mixed cement evenly at all sides of the pot.
Make sure that the pots will receive large amount of sunlight to be hard enough
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The completion of this study could not have been possible without the
participation and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be
enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully
acknowledged. However, the group would like to express their deep appreciation and
indebtedness particularly to the following:
To Mrs. Mae Bañaria-Racelis, our Research Adviser, for the understanding
and support that greatly contributed to the improvement of this study. We would also
want to thank her for the emphathy, patience, and knowledge that she imparts unto us.
It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance.
To Mr. Hans Timothy Gallarte that supported us and gave us egg shells used
in our experiment.
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
To Ms. Micah Angela Andalis that helped us buy pots to be used as the
dependent variables.
To Ms. Jill Lorraine Laniog who suggest opinions and doings throughout
our study and the one who checked primarily our product.
To Mr. Ivan Amisola who lend us his laptop and the one who teaches us the
format on how to compute the data analysis for the one-way ANOVA.
To our Beloved Parents, for their unending financial and moral support,
likewise for and understanding for our overcoming. Also, for the spiritual prayers and
sympathy. Our everlasting gratitude and unending thanks to them.
Above all, to the Almighty God, for giving us the gift of wisdom, His love
and care and protection especially during the data gathering period for making us
brave to face the challenges and difficulties in our studies, His everlasting love that
serves as our strength.
The Researchers
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March 2024 Pulverized Eggshells and Coconut Husk (Cocos Nucifera) as Alternative Materials for Flower Pot
John Vianney G. Dalupan, Marrione Jheshia A. Laniog, Sophie A. Tulabot, John Wilmarc Y. Gutierrez
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Connected, S. (2022, April 18). Why are eggshells so strong?
Science Connected Magazine
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Hunton, P. (2005). Research on eggshell stracture and quality: an
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Konduru, S., Evans, M. R., & Stamps, R. H. (1999). Coconut Husk and
Processing Effects on Chemical and Physica Properties of Coconut Coir Dust.
HortSci, 34(1), 88-90. Retrieved Jan 9, 2024, from
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.1.88
Soils,C. B., & Soils, C. B (2019, January 1). Benefits of using coconut
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your-garden/
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