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Camera Sensors & It Types

The document discusses camera sensors, focusing on two main types: CCD (Charged-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). CCD sensors provide high image quality but are costly and power-hungry, while CMOS sensors are more affordable, power-efficient, and faster. CMOS sensors are becoming increasingly dominant in digital image capture due to their advantages over CCDs in most applications.

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7 views1 page

Camera Sensors & It Types

The document discusses camera sensors, focusing on two main types: CCD (Charged-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). CCD sensors provide high image quality but are costly and power-hungry, while CMOS sensors are more affordable, power-efficient, and faster. CMOS sensors are becoming increasingly dominant in digital image capture due to their advantages over CCDs in most applications.

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valocloud41
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CAMERA SENSORS & ITS TYPE

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE PF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES


ALISHA JOSEPH (24MFS10013)

A Sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Some sensors that
we use everyday- Smartphones, fingerprint scanner, virtual keyboards, camera, GPS,.etc.
There are mainly two types of sensors:-
1.CCD (Charged-Coupled Device)
2.CMOS (Complementry Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

1. CCD (CHARGED- COUPLED DEVICE) 2. CMOS ( COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE


SEMICONDUCTOR)
It is a light-sensitive integrated circuit that captures images by converting A CMOS image sensor is a semiconductor device with complementary metal
photons to electrons. A CCD sensorr breaks the image elements into pixels. oxide semiconductor technology designed to turn incoming light into a digital
Each pixel is converted into an electrical charge whose intensity is related to image. It detects incoming light with thousands of photon detectors on the
the intensity of light captured by that pixel. surface of a semiconductor chip. Each detector measures the frequency
(color) and count (brightness) of photons absorbed by converting the energy of
PROVIDE HIGH IMAGE QUALITY WITH LOW NOISE
the photons into an electrical current. That current is then amplified by
CONVERT PIXEL CHARGE INTO VOLTAGE
transistors attached to each detector.
HIGH LIGHT SENSITIVITY
AFFORDABLE
HIGH POWER USE
POWE-EFFICIENT
SLOW
EACH PIXEL HAS FASTER READOUT
COSTLY
LOW POWER
FAST
FIG . 1. CCD SENSOR CHEAP
LESS NOISE OR NO NOISE FIG. 2. CMOS SENSOR

CONCLUSION REFERENCE
Camera sensors, primarily CCD and CMOS, are the heart of digital image "CMOS Image Sensors: Electronic Camera On A Chip" by E. R. Fossum (1997) -
capture, with CMOS sensors dominating due to their efficiency, low power IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
consumption, and cost-effectiveness, while CCDs still hold a niche in "Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Cameras" by J. Nakamura
specific applications. (2006) - Journal of Electronic Imaging

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