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Database Systems for Beginners

The document outlines key concepts in database systems, including data models, schemas, and instances, which are essential for the design and management of efficient, reliable, and secure databases. It describes the three types of schemas: physical, logical, and conceptual, each serving different purposes in database organization. Additionally, it introduces the dynamic nature of instances, which represent the actual data stored at a specific time.

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66 views11 pages

Database Systems for Beginners

The document outlines key concepts in database systems, including data models, schemas, and instances, which are essential for the design and management of efficient, reliable, and secure databases. It describes the three types of schemas: physical, logical, and conceptual, each serving different purposes in database organization. Additionally, it introduces the dynamic nature of instances, which represent the actual data stored at a specific time.

Uploaded by

playsinuyasha560
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Concepts and

Architecture
Week 2
Week 2: Database Systems Concepts and
Architecture

Intended Learning Outcome(s):


1. Identify key concepts in database system
2. Enumerate Data Models
3. Explain Schemas
4. Three-Schema Architecture
Quiz 1: In less than 5 sentences, explain the
diagram below.
Database System Concepts and Architecture

▪ Database System Concepts and Architecture is a branch of computer science


that deals with the design, implementation, and management of database
systems.

▪ The goal of database system concepts and architecture is to design and


implement database systems that are efficient, reliable, and secure.

• In a database system, there are three key concepts related to the


organization and structure of data: data models, schemas, and instances
(Silberschatz et al., 2011)
1. Data Models

❖A data model is a conceptual representation of how data is


organized, stored, and accessed within a database system.

❖It defines the structure, constraints, and relationships of the


data.
Data Models

1. Relational Model

2. Hierarchical Model

3. Network Model

4. Object-oriented Model

5. Entity – Relationship Model


2. Schemas

➢A schema is a logical description or blueprint of a database


system.

➢It defines the structure, organization, and constraints of the


database.

➢A schema specifies the tables, their columns, data types,


relationships, and any other rules governing the data.
2. Schemas

a. Physical Schema
- The physical schema defines how data is physically stored on a storage medium, such
as disk or memory. It includes details like file organization, indexing, and data
partitioning.
b. Logical Schema
- The logical schema defines the logical organization of the database, including tables,
columns, relationships, and constraints. It is independent of the physical storage
details.
c. Conceptual Schema
- The conceptual schema provides an abstract, high-level view of the entire database. It
focuses on the overall structure and organization of data without delving into
implementation details
3. Instance

❑An instance refers to the actual data stored in a


database at a specific point in time.
❑It represents a snapshot of the data contained in the
database system.
❑Example:
In a relational database with tables for employees, departments,
and projects, an instance of that database would contain the
specific data for each employee, department, and project at a
particular moment.
3. Instances

❑Instances are dynamic and can


change over time as data is
inserted, updated, or deleted.

❑They are governed by the data


model and schema defined for the
database system.

Sample Schema Diagram for the Database


The Three-Schema Architecture

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