PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
HC-SR501
MOTION MAGIC FOR YOU!
Transform your living spaces with our DIY PIR
Motion Sensor Project using HC-SR501. Enjoy
energy efficiency, enhanced security, and
adaptive automation effortlessly.
Zahid Islam
Hobby Electro Lab
PIR MOSTION
SENSOR PROJECT
Hobby Electro Lab
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
The PIR motion sensor detects infrared radiation from a moving human body, then
generates a pulse to activate connected devices such as relays, bulbs, alarms, or other
security-related devices.
Project Evolution: Three Iterations for Learning, Hobby, and Permanence
We crafted this project in three versions:
• First, on the breadboard for students learning purposes.
• Second, on the zero board for hobbyists seeking a permanent device.
• The third version is built on the PCB.
HC-SR501
Fig-1 PIR Motion Sensor Circuit
We will Learn:
1. How to use a PIR sensor device to Detect human body infrared.
2. How to use a PIR module as a Security Burglar Alarm Circuit.
3. How to use a PIR to switch ON lights when a human presence is detected.
4. How the PIR circuit works.
5. Applications of the PIR Sensor module.
Page |1
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
What is a PIR
PIR stands for Passive Infra-Red. The 'passive' part means it doesn't send out signals
but instead detects infrared radiation from warm bodies nearby. Detected radiations are
converted into an electrical charge, proportionate to the radiation level. Enhanced by the
built-in FET, this charge is fed to the output pin, applicable to external circuits for
amplification and triggering alarm stages.
Fig-2: - Understanding Passive Infra-Red Sensors and Their Intricate Functionality
Unlocking Learning Potential: Benefits of Building Your Project on a
Breadboard
Fig-3
Page |2
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
Hands-On Learning Experience:
Building the project on a breadboard provides a tactile and interactive learning
experience, allowing enthusiasts and students to grasp the fundamentals of electronics
in a practical way.
Fig-4
Error-Friendly Environment:
The breadboard allows for easy error identification and troubleshooting, empowering
users to develop essential problem-solving skills without the fear of damaging
components.
Cost-Effective Prototyping:
With its reusable nature, the breadboard serves as a cost-effective platform for
prototyping, enabling users to experiment with various components and configurations
before committing to a permanent build.
Don't miss out on more exciting DIY projects and electronic tutorials!
Subscribe to our channel now for a journey into the world of electronics
and innovation. Hit that subscribe button and join our community today!
Page |3
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
Seamless Transition to Permanence:
Fig-5
By building the PIR sensor project on the zero board,
enthusiasts seamlessly transition from the prototype
stage to creating a permanent security or automatic
device. This process ensures a robust and reliable
system, ideal for those seeking a long-term and durable
solution for their applications.
Assemble with Confidence: Easily construct the PIR
Sensor project on the zero-board using the illustrated
diagram in the accompanying picture. Simplify your
building process for a seamless and efficient experience.
First, install & solder all the components on the board
and then make connection according to fig-5 and Fig-6
Fig-6 Component Layout
Fig-7 Component Connections
Page |4
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
Professional Precision: Crafting the Third Version on PCB for a Polished Finish.
Assemble the PIR Sensor Project with Ease Using the Accompanying Image Guide.
Fig-8 PCB Version of the PIR Motion Sensor
Click here to watch this video -→
Page |5
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
Working of Motion Detector Circuit
The PIR sensor typically operates at 5V, so we are using a positive voltage regulator IC
7805, which will give 5V output to feed the sensor. Hence, the VCC is connected with
3rd pin (Output Pin) of the 7805. The ground of PIR is connected with the ground terminal
and the Output pin is connected to the base of the NPN transistor C1383. Here, R1 is
used as a current limiting resistor. The collector terminal of the transistor is connected
with the 12V supply through a relay and diode D1.
Here, a relay is used to control any electrical appliances, as we have connected light bulb
with it. The LED1 is used here to notify whenever someone enters in the range of the PIR
sensor.
So, as you start the power supply, the PIR comes into action. Initially, the output pin is at
LOW, as no one is in the range of PIR sensor. So, the light bulb and the LED1 remain in
OFF condition.
If there is any movement happen in the range of the PIR sensor, the output pin of the PIR
goes HIGH. By which, the NPN transistor T1 starts conducting current from collector to
emitter. Therefore, it activates the relay RL1 and the LED1 connected with the collector
terminal of the transistor. Hence, the light bulb starts glowing. The diode D1 is used here
to protect the relay from reverse current flow.
The relay and the LED1 get off automatically after a particular time duration set by the
user.
Page |6
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
The main advantage of the circuit is, it can be used in night time also. Because the PIR
detects the infrared rays emits from any object or the human body. PIR sensor has a wide
area of detection. This is because of the Fresnel lens, which increases the PIR’s area of
detection.
Also, PIR has two potentiometers, one is used for adjusting the sensitivity of the PIR
sensor. And, the second one is used for adjusting the time delay for which the output of
the PIR remains in HIGH condition.
PIR Sensor Project Applications: Enhancing Security and Automation in
Diverse Settings
o Intruder alarms for enhanced security
o Automatic door opening in malls and public places
o Automated toilet flusher for hands-free convenience
o Safety in basements or covered parking areas to prevent accidents
o Integration into home automation devices for smart living
o Security measures in lift lobbies and multi-apartment complexes
o Automatic Bathroom Light
o Automatic Plant Watering & Irrigation System
Simplified Mastery: Concluding the Motion Detector Circuit Journey
In conclusion, designing and using a Motion Detector Circuit is straightforward. This
article covered its working, circuit diagram, uses, and advantages, providing you with a
comprehensive understanding. With this knowledge, crafting a reliable and cost-
effective Motion Detector Circuit is now within your reach
Page |7
PIR MOSTION SENSOR PROJECT
Don't miss out on more exciting DIY projects and electronic tutorials!
Subscribe to our channel now for a journey into the world of electronics
and innovation. Hit that subscribe button and join our community today!
Click here to watch our channel
for interesting DIY-Electronics
videos.
Page |8
