February 28, 2025
ABSOLUTE VALUE
FUNCTION
OBJECTIVES:
1.Defines absolute value function.
2.Graphs absolute value function.
3.Determines the domain and range of
an absolute value function.
4.Enumerates the different properties of
absolute value function.
Recall:
1. What does the absolute value of a number mean?
• It refers to the distance of a number from zero
• It is the number regardless of its sign
2. Give the absolute value of the following:
a. 7
b. −7
c. 10
d. −10
Recall:
Give the domain and the range of the following graphs.
D: 𝑥 𝑥𝜖𝑅 D: 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 0 D: 𝑥 𝑥𝜖𝑅
R: 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 0 R: 𝑦 𝑦𝜖𝑅 R: 𝑦 𝑦 ≤ 2
Which of these graphs represents a function? 1st and 3rd
What kind of function do these graphs represent? Absolute value function
Lesson Proper:
What is an absolute value function?
➢A function that contains an algebraic expression within
absolute value symbols
➢It is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑘
1. Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 2 1 0 1 2
Let us describe the graph:
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
1. The turning point (vertex) of the graph
is at 0,0 .
2. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
3. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 0
4. The vertical line that passes thru the vertex
is called the axis of symmetry
5. The graph opens upward.
6. The graph is V-shaped
2. Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -2 -1 0 -1 -2
𝒇 𝒙 =−𝒙 Let us describe the graph:
1. The turning point (vertex) of the
graph is at 0,0 .
2. The domain is the set of
all real numbers.
3. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≤ 0
4. The graph opens downward.
5. The graph is V-shaped
COMPARE THEIR GRAPHS:
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =−𝒙
The graph opens upward if 𝒂 > 𝟎
The graph opens downward if a < 𝟎
3. Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 0 1 2 3
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙+𝟏 Let us describe the graph:
1. The turning point (vertex)
of the graph is at −1,0 .
2. The graph was shifted
1 unit to the left.
3. The domain is the set of
all real numbers.
4. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 0
5. The graph opens upward.
6. The graph is V-shaped
4. Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 3 2 1 0 1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙−𝟏 Let us describe the graph:
1. The turning point (vertex) of the graph is at −1,0 .
2. The graph was shifted 1 unit to the right.
2. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
3. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 0
5. The graph opens upward.
6. The graph is V-shaped
Give your observations with the graph
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂 𝒙−𝒉
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙+𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙−𝟏
Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1
What happened when 1 was added?
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 3 2 1 2 3
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 +𝟏 Let us describe the graph:
1. The turning point (vertex) of the graph is at 0,1 .
2. The graph was shifted 1 unit up along the y-axis.
3. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
4. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 1
5. The graph opens upward.
6. The graph is V-shaped
Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 1
What happened when 1 was subtracted?
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 0 -1 0 1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 −𝟏 Let us describe the graph:
1. The turning point (vertex) of the graph is at 0, −1 .
2. The graph was shifted 1 unit down along the y-axis.
3. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
4. The range is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ −1
5. The graph opens upward.
Give your observations with the graph
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂 𝒙 +𝒌
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 +𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 −𝟏
Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = −2 𝑥
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -4 -2 0 -2 -4
1
Example: Graph the function:𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥
2
x -2 -1 0 1 2
1 1
y -1 - -2 0 - -2 -1
Give your observations with the graph
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒙
If 𝒂 > 𝟏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒂 = 𝟏
𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 =− 𝒙
If 𝒂 < 𝟏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒂 = 𝟏 𝟐
The smaller 𝒂 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS
General Form of an absolute value function:
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑎 𝑥−ℎ +𝑘
❖The vertex of the graph is at ℎ, 𝑘
❖The range of the graph is 𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 𝑘 when 𝑎 > 0
❖The range of the graph is 𝑦 𝑦 ≤ 𝑘 when 𝑎 < 0
❖The axis of symmetry is 𝑥 = ℎ
❖It opens up when 𝑎 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 < 0
❖The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 can be translated h units horizontally
and k units vertically to get 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 − ℎ + 𝑘
❖The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 is wider than 𝑦 = 1 𝑥 if 𝑎 < 1
and narrower when 𝑎 > 1
Evaluation:
Given the graph of an absolute value function to the right.
1.What are the coordinates
of the vertex? (2,1)
2. What is the domain?
𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 𝑜𝑟 𝑅
3. What is the range?
𝑦 𝑦 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 ≥ 1
4. What is the equation of the axis of symmetry?
𝑥=2
5. Which of the following equations has the widest graph?
1
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
2
C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 + 1
1
B. 𝑦 = −2 𝑥 + 2 D. 𝑦 = − 𝑥−3 +2
4
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