SOCIAL WELFARE

Topic: Models of social welfare

Hannah E(19MSW020)
 SOCIAL WELFARE MODELS

Introduction
A social welfare model is a system social welfare of provision and its
accompanying value system. It usually involves social policies that affect the
welfare of a country's citizens within the framework of a market or mixed
economy.
Models of social welfare
• Personal social services model.
• Social welfare model.
• Social development model.
• New world order model.
• Familial model.
• Residual model.
• Mixed economy.
• Model of state control.
Personal social welfare model
The personal social services model of social development practice seeks to extend
to people everywhere a range of basic social services that are needed to either
restore or enhance their capacity for social functioning. The model’s primary goals
are
1. To provide remedial and preventive services to individuals, families,
and groups whose optimal social functioning is either temporarily
impaired or inter-rupted.
2. To extend social protection to population groups that are threatened by
exploitation or degradation.
The PSSM also seeks to ensure increased sensitivity and responsiveness on the part
of human service providers to the special service needs of culturally diverse
population groups.
Social welfare model
The social welfare model of social work practice is rooted in comparative social
policy and comparative social research. The goals associated with the SWM
include
• Self help
• Mutual aid
• Humanitarianism
• The establishment of effective
• System of formal social provision.
The SWM also views developmental social welfare practice as part of the
worldwide movement that seek to promote social security and social justice for
people everywhere. Social Welfare models, we have the Institutional model. This
model is more closely related to differing interpretations of the effects of economic
growth and to the extent to which either “convergence or “embourgeoisement”
within the systems have occurred (Pinker 1971) Institutional model theorists put
more of importance on the issue of the persisting incidence of poverty rather the
growth of affluence.
This model is described as a “redistribution model” and is marked by universal
rights based, non-stigmatizing and redistributive state benefits and services and
believe that this should just be a normal function of society today.
Social development model
The social development model has its origins in community organization and
community development practice and does, it promote the fullest possible
participation of people in determining both the means and goals of social
development. In doing so, the model seeks to provide a framework for
understanding the underlying causes of human degradation, powerlessness and
social inequality everywhere in the world. The ultimate goal of the SDM, however
is to guide collective action toward the elimination of all forms of violence and
social oppression.
New world order model
The New World Order Model (NWOM) of social development practice is closely
associated with the writings of “visionary” economists, political, scientists, legal
scholars, and environmentalists. The major components of the NWOM are
reflected in the fundamental social, political, and economic reforms in the existing
international “order" that are being sought by the United Nation. The United
Nations development programmes, world bank and other leading international
development assistance organizations. Elements of the NWOM also have been
described by the social theoreticians.

Familial model
Family plays an important role in social welfare provision. Example of an
advanced society in which a very high value is still placed on the role of the family
is France which though like other countries, has public health, welfare, pension and
social insurance mechanism. But the family structure is still relatively strong and
many social needs that are met by the government programmes. Usually family is
strong enough to met their needs. This is possible only because a relatively large
proportion of French units whether in farming commerce, or industry are small
family operated units.
Residual model
The residual model of Welfare is often described as an optimistic one as its focus is
on the economic growth of social welfare and society. Residual models often
believe that with economic growth and more diversified prosperity of the people
such things such as poverty will eventually decline (Pinker 1971).
Residual models favour a limited amount of state involvement in providing welfare
as they see intervention as being in place purely for poorer members of society and
providing a safety net for those otherwise, unable to cope financially and believe
responsibility in meeting citizen’s needs in terms of level of benefits for
individuals and the proportion of national insurance spent on state services should
be minimal.
This is often described as “Residual selectivity” or means tested welfare,
something of which has been the subject of controversy in the UK due to the
significant number of people who fail to claim the means tested benefit which they
are eligible. These “nets” that the Residual model talks about would include certain
programs which are limited solely to the poor they include things like emergency
housing assistance, Food vouchers and limited benefits.
The aim of social welfare policy under this model is to decline the minority of
needy groups (Pinker 1971) supporters of the residual model also believe that non-
statutory agencies, these are agencies that function without government funding
and rely on funding by the people or are a registered charity, should play a primary
role in terms of welfare this mean they wold fill in the gaps that statutory services
and the government cannot (Mishra 1981).

Mixed economy model

A mixed economic system is a system that combines aspects of
both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system protects private property
and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for
governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims.
According to neoclassical theory, mixed economies are less efficient than pure free
markets, but proponents of government interventions argue that the base conditions
required for efficiency in free markets, such as equal information and rational
market participants, cannot be achieved in practical application.

• A mixed economy is an economy organized with some free market elements

and some socialistic elements, which lies on a continuum somewhere
between pure capitalism and pure socialism.
• Mixed economies typically maintain private ownership and control of most
of the means of production, but often under government regulation.
• Mixed economies socialize select industries that are deemed essential or that
produce public goods.

Mixed economic systems do not block the private sector from profit-seeking, but
do regulate business and may nationalize industries that provide a public good .
For example, the United states is a mixed economy, as it leaves ownership of the
means of production in mostly private hands but incorporates elements such as
subsidies for agriculture, regulation on manufacturing, and partial or full public
ownership of some industries like letter delivery and national defense.

Model of state control

The erstwhile Soviet union is the most conspicuous model of the state control.
private welfare has not been entirely abolished and the insurance system is strongly
marked by certain features that are often thought of us peculiarly “capitalist”.
The welfare state is a form of government in which the state protects and
promotes the economic and social well-being of the citizens, based upon the
principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public
responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for
a good life.

Conclusion

A social welfare system provides assistance to individuals and families in need.

The types and amount of welfare available to individuals and families vary
depending on the country, state, or region. The above models is to protect the
citizens from all the social issues.